What is the relationship between embedded and single chip microcomputer?

The relationship between embedded and single chip microcomputer is as follows:

Embedded system is a big category, and single chip microcomputer is one of the important subcategories. An embedded system is like a complete computer, while a single chip microcomputer is more like a computer without peripherals.

In the past, the single-chip microcomputer contained few things, and the hardware difference between the two was obvious. But with the rapid development of semiconductor technology, now all kinds of hardware functions can be made into single chip microcomputer. Therefore, the hardware difference between embedded system and single chip microcomputer is getting smaller and smaller, and the dividing line is becoming more and more blurred.

Therefore, people tend to distinguish software.

In terms of software, in the industry, there is often no MMU (Memory Management Unit) in the chip, so the virtual address is not supported, and the system can only run naked or RTOS (real-time operating system, such as ucos, Huawei LiteOS, RT-Thread, freertos, etc. ), that is, the so-called single chip microcomputer (such as STM32, NXP LPC series, NXP imxRT 1052 series, etc. ).

At the same time, a system with MMU can support virtual addresses and run "advanced" operating systems such as Linux, Vxworks, WinCE and Android, which is called embedded.

In some cases, the single chip microcomputer itself is powerful enough to be used as an embedded system. Its cost is lower, and its development and maintenance are relatively less difficult, especially for some more targeted applications. Theoretically, embedded system has stronger performance and wider application, but it is highly complex and difficult to develop.

Embedded system generally refers to embedded system, and embedded development is the development of embedded system. IEEE (American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) defines an embedded system as "a device for controlling, monitoring or assisting the operation of machines and equipment".

The definition of domestic academic circles is more specific and easier to understand: embedded system is a special computer system with application as the center and based on computer technology, which has strict requirements on function, reliability, cost, volume and power consumption. Taking the application as the center, it shows that the embedded system has clear practicability.

Based on computer technology, it shows that it is actually a special computer. The software and hardware can be cut, which shows that it has strong flexibility and customization ability.

The core of embedded system is embedded processor. Embedded processors are generally divided into the following typical types: embedded microcontroller MCU integrated ROM/RAM, bus logic, timer/counter, watchdog, I/O, serial port, A/D, D/A, FLASH, etc. Typical representatives are 805 1, 8096, C805 1F, etc. ?

The embedded DSP processor is specially used for signal processing, and the system structure and instruction algorithm are specially designed. It is widely used in digital filtering, FFT and spectrum analysis.

The typical representative is the TMS320C2000/C5000 series of TI (Texas Instruments) Company. Embedded microprocessor MPU (microprocessor unit) is evolved from general processor, which has high performance and rich peripheral component interfaces. Typical representatives are AM 186/88, 386EX, SC-400, PowerPC, MIPS, ARM series, etc. ?

In addition, there are embedded system-on-chip (SOC) and programmable system-on-chip (SOPC). Our single-chip microcomputer belongs to the first type mentioned above-MCU (embedded microcontroller).

Single chip microcomputer, also known as single chip microcontroller, is called single chip microcomputer in English. It's actually an integrated circuit chip. Through VLSI technology, the functions of CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt system and timer/counter are stuffed into a silicon chip to become a subminiature computer.

Single-chip microcomputer technology was born in the late 1970s, with 4 bits in the early stage, and then developed to 8 bits, 16 bits and 32 bits. The real rise was in the 8-bit era.

The 8-bit single chip microcomputer is powerful and widely used in industrial control, instrumentation, household appliances and automobiles. When we study single chip microcomputer, we often hear two words-51single chip microcomputer and STM32. Let me introduce what they are.

5 1 MCU is actually a general term for a series of microcontrollers. This series of single chip microcomputer is compatible with Intel? 803 1 instruction system. Their ancestor is Intel's 8004 single chip microcomputer.

STM32 is a universal microcontroller based on ARM Cortex-M core introduced by stmicroelectronics Company. The hardware configuration of STM32 can meet most of the development needs of the Internet of Things, and the development tools and related documents are complete, making it the first choice for single chip microcomputer learning.