Is there any routine in the composition of the national volume 1?

1, historical background = (domestic+international) (economy+politics+culture+...)

(1) economic background = productivity+relations of production+economic structure+economic pattern+ ...

(2) Political background = political situation+system+system+policy+class+nationality+diplomacy+military+ ...

(3) Cultural background = ideology, religion+science and technology+education+ ...

2. Historical conditions: basically the same as background analysis, with more emphasis on favorable factors.

3. Cause breadth: Cause = subjective (internal cause)+objective (external cause)

⑴ Subjective reasons: the initiation of the event, economic, political and ideological factors within the participants.

⑵ Objective reasons: natural, social environment, external economic, political and ideological factors.

The breadth of reasons is basically the same as that of background analysis, with the background focusing on static analysis and the reasons focusing on dynamic analysis.

4. Depth of cause: cause: → direct → main → fundamental.

(1) Direct cause: the most direct accidental factor (fuse, excuse, etc. ) causes the event to happen.

⑵ Main reasons: including subjective and objective factors that triggered the incident.

(3) Roots: historical trends (development of productive forces, requirements of the times)+subjective needs, etc.

There are both hierarchical differences and contact infiltration between them. For example, the direct cause of the May 4th Movement was the failure of China's diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference. The main reasons involved various contradictions at home and abroad at that time, including imperialist aggression, the dark rule of Beiyang warlords, the development of national capitalism, the growth of the proletariat, the influence of the October Revolution, the spread of Marxism and other factors. The root cause is the deepest factor among the main causes.

Supplement:

5. Contradiction analysis: contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, contradiction between economic base and superstructure, class contradiction, intra-class contradiction, ethnic contradiction, religious contradiction and contradiction between different interest groups. ...

* * * Answer ideas * * *

1 Text expression of the answer

Basic methods: first, the written expression should be correct, neatly arranged and properly spaced; Second, sentences should be fluent, plain and accurate; Third, the form should be "three-oriented", that is, paragraphs, questions and paragraphs, which are concise and intuitive; Key points, one sentence for each score; Serial numbers, different paragraphs and different sentences are marked with different serial numbers, so as to be coherent and clear at a glance.

2 How to analyze the reasons for the success or failure of political reform or reform:

Basic methods: Pay attention to four points: First, look at the trend and trend of historical development at that time, and see whether the reform or reform conforms to the historical trend and trend. The second is whether the reform policies and measures are correct and can be effectively implemented. Third, look at the power contrast between the old and new forces. Fourth, look at the quality of reformers.

3 clear comparative problem-solving ideas

Basic methods: The characteristic of explicit comparison questions is that the scope of comparison is certain. When answering, we should carefully examine the comparison items and restrictions of the comparison objects, analyze the relationship between the requirements of the questions and the knowledge of the textbooks, and then set the logical relationship between the items according to the rules.

4 implicit comparative problem solving method

Basic methods: The key to solving this kind of implicit comparison problem is to make a concrete analysis of the comparison object according to the meaning of the question and try to determine the comparison items by yourself. If it is a comparison of historical events and historical phenomena, the comparison items are generally determined from the aspects of background, cause, process, characteristics, results, influence and nature; If they are historical figures, the comparison items are generally determined from their times, classes, major achievements, limitations, historical status, impact evaluation and other aspects.

5 comparison project determination method

Basic methods: The concept of historical figures can be divided into nationality, age, title, main activities, evaluation and other elements. The concept of historical events can be divided into background, time, space, subject, process, meaning and other elements. Historical factors belong to the concept of historical phenomena, which are basically the same as those of historical events, but the process should be changed to the main content or performance. The concept of historical system can be divided into background, time, maker, main content and evaluation. Knowledge belonging to historical revolution can be divided into revolutionary tasks, organizational leadership, struggle program, main forces, methods, nature and results. The knowledge structure that belongs to the result and influence of historical revolution includes progressiveness and limitation.

Supplement:

6. Analysis and evaluation of the causes of social and economic development in ancient China.

Basic methods: To analyze the causes of social and economic development, we can generally start from the following aspects: First, productivity factors, including the improvement of production tools and technology, water conservancy construction, astronomical calendar progress, labor input and so on. Second, the factors of production relations, including the establishment of new modes of production, the adjustment of land policy and the influence of peasant uprising on the landlord class; Third, the factors of superstructure, including centralization, the protection and encouragement of the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, the reaction of religious and cultural systems to economic development, and fourth, whether foreign relations and ethnic relations are conducive to economic development; The fifth is to look at social and environmental factors, whether the country is unified and stable; Sixth, geographical factors.

7 Analysis of solving problems of economic characteristics

Basic methods: three points should be paid attention to when analyzing economic characteristics: first, reveal basic characteristics from complex economic phenomena; Secondly, analyze the causes and effects of its characteristics; Third, revealing the characteristic language should be incisive and highly generalized, and it should come from the teaching material and be higher than the teaching material.

8. Induction and generalization methods in historical question-and-answer expression

Basic methods: The ability to summarize and summarize historical knowledge are two different historical thinking abilities. Induction refers to sorting out numerous or scattered or reappeared historical facts according to their types, making them from complex to simple, from chaotic to organized, from individual to * * * understanding; Generalization is to unify historical things with the same attributes and form a regular and universal truth. Induction is the premise of generalization.

9 open-ended question answering method

Basic method: To answer open-ended questions, we must be clear: what matters is not what kind of views we hold, but whether we can reasonably demonstrate our own views, that is, whether the arguments are logical, whether the materials and opinions are unified, and whether the reasons are sufficient. Therefore, to answer such questions, we must first determine the point of view.

Secondly, we should fully support the viewpoint by summarizing and refining the historical facts, and try our best to avoid omitting the supporting points of the viewpoint. Third, we should combine history with theory, with arguments and evidence. Fourth, the discussion should be comprehensive. For example, while affirming the positive role, the topic should point out the negative role and avoid absolutization.

How to answer the question "What explains" in the subjective question of 10

Basic method: What the answer expounds is actually the ability to grasp the essence of history and reveal the law of historical development. The answer is that it can be done this way. (1) What is the purpose of this struggle? What is the function of progress or retrogression? (2) Is the failure of this struggle a historical necessity or an accident? (3) if it is accidental, it means that the struggle is tortuous and complicated, and further conditions should be created; If it is inevitable, it means that this struggle can't be realized at all, which is a fantasy.