As a medical student, what is the significance of studying nursing psychology to interpersonal communication?

With the change of medical model and the improvement of the cultural quality of all members of society, the dignity and rights of life are paid more and more attention.

The nurse-patient relationship is not limited to simple treatment and cooperative treatment, but rises to the common goal of health.

The cooperative relationship of strength, especially after the implementation of holistic nursing, has increased the communication between nurses and patients, which can not be achieved by a few greetings.

Mutual understanding and trust, therefore, it is urgent for nurses to master the knowledge and skills of communication and communicate effectively with patients.

To solve the problem. ?

First, the concept and purpose of communication?

People's words and deeds convey certain information to the outside world, and communication is the transmission and connection of these information.

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Nurse-patient communication is a process of information exchange and interaction between nurses and patients. The exchange is about caring for patients and

Information directly or indirectly related to rehabilitation, including the exchange of thoughts, feelings, wishes and demands between the two parties? (

1)? . The purpose is to establish a good nurse-patient relationship, fully understand patients, collect relevant information, and provide sufficient basis for their nursing;

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Provide patients with health knowledge and psychological support to promote their physical and mental health; Improve the quality of nursing; Meet the needs of patients.

It has therapeutic effect on patients' body and mind. The effect of communication lies in the accuracy of information transmission and acceptance. Nurses should accept accurately.

The information expressed by patients, as well as the accurate transmission of treatment information to patients and the help of patients to restore health, must understand the patients' hearts.

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Second, the theoretical basis of nurse-patient communication-hierarchy of needs theory?

The famous psychologist A.H.Maslow summed up people's needs as follows: physiological needs, security needs, sense of belonging and.

The needs of love, respect, cognition, beauty and self-realization. According to the demand hierarchy:

There are certain levels of human needs from low to high, and each level needs to be interdependent and overlapping; Man's behavior is determined by his sense of superiority.

Settings; The development of different needs adapts to the growth of individual age, and is also related to social economy, culture and education level; need

Satisfaction is a step-by-step process; The satisfaction of high-level needs is stronger and more difficult than the desire of low-level needs; Human needs

Satisfaction is directly proportional to health. With other factors unchanged, the real satisfaction of any demand is conducive to healthy development.

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Understanding the hierarchy of needs can make nurses realize that the purpose of communication with patients is to meet the needs of patients. The hierarchy of needs theory can

Helping nurses to identify the nature of patients' unmet needs and their impact on patients can help nurses observe and judge patients.

Unconscious needs should be met in order to prevent diseases, and the priority should be determined according to the level and advantages of needs.

Health problems, to establish a communication plan to establish goals, to help nurses guide patients' needs scientifically and adjust their needs reasonably.

To the relationship, eliminate the patient's anxiety and pressure. ?

Third, the necessity and problems of nurse-patient communication?

Good and effective nurse-patient communication can reduce the loneliness of being alienated and trapped, when patients feel understanding and conscious.

When I exist, I can have a strong sense of security, belonging, love, respect and self-realization, and correctly understand my health.

Situation, help them to adjust themselves in difficulties, improve their self-control ability, reduce their dependence on others, and improve their self-control ability.

Consciousness of active participation in treatment and nursing. ?

Since the implementation of systematic holistic nursing in our hospital from 65438 to 0997, the communication between nurses and patients has obviously increased, but according to the survey of three hospitals in a city in 2005,

According to the sampling survey of 3A hospitals (120 nurses, 300 patients), 66.7% of nurses think they have no time to communicate with patients.

Yes, 27.5% of nurses think they have nothing to say with their patients; 23.4% nurses will not communicate with patients. 82.3%

Nurses think that talking with patients is nurse-patient communication, and have not seriously considered the methods and effects of communication. According to the survey of patients,

Most nurses can't understand and meet their needs, 75. 1% patients are willing to communicate with nurses, and 25.8% patients are with nurses.

Nurses can't talk normally. Another survey shows that? (2)? 77.8% patients want to talk to nurses 1 time every day, and 86.9% patients want to talk to nurses.

Patient selection

The content of nurse-patient communication is related to the disease, and 62.6% patients hope to establish equal friendship with nurses. Survey results table

Ming, there are still some problems in the process of nurse-patient communication:

(1) Nurses don't know enough about the importance of nurse-patient communication, and nurse-patient communication stays at the level of general communication. between people

There is a certain difference between general communication and therapeutic communication between nurses and patients. The purpose of general communication is to communicate with each other and only

By speaking and intuition, you don't need to pay special attention to the effect of the conversation; The purpose of therapeutic communication is to understand and satisfy patients through communication.

Patients' physical and mental needs have a planned and conscious impact on patients, making them in a psychological state and behavior pattern conducive to physical and mental health.

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(2) Nurses lack the necessary knowledge of psychology, humanities and sociology, and have insufficient understanding of the changes in patients' needs.

Health communication disorder. Clinical nurses in our hospital are junior college and technical secondary school, and they have little knowledge of nursing psychology during their school days.

It is far from enough for clinic, but the knowledge of humanistic sociology is blank, and the lack of knowledge is bound to help us understand and solve problems.

The ability to question is influential, so there will be nothing to say with patients in clinic. ?

Equality in Li Xiang? (3)? The survey found that the average score of nurses' interpersonal communication knowledge was 71.48 9.76.

The score of & lt60 is 2 1.24%, which means that nurses who are close to 1/4 can't correctly understand the basic concepts such as active listening and empathy. but

Only 16.06% scored above 80, which shows that nurses' mastery of interpersonal communication knowledge is not optimistic. China 1997

Years ago, there was no interpersonal communication course in nursing courses, but some nurses were busy with their work in clinical nursing.

Family, weak awareness of autonomous learning, nurses with continuing education needs can not be met in time, leading to the above results. ?

(3) Lack of necessary language training. Most patients in Guangzhou come from Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

In other countries in Southeast Asia, more than 50% of patients use Cantonese, Hakka and English, and nurses come from all over the country.

Naturally, less than half of people can understand and speak these languages, and the languages are not connected, which has a great influence on the effectiveness of communication. patient

It is difficult to express your thoughts accurately in blunt Mandarin, which makes communication difficult. Therefore, nurses should be given necessary language training.

In practice, when communicating with patients, being able to use the same language system as patients will make patients feel kind and natural and have a sense of belonging.

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(d) Lack of adequate communication skills. Nurses' occupation requires nurses' etiquette to be practical, scientific and artistic.

Emotionally, we should not only master the methods of verbal communication, but also learn to use the skills of nonverbal communication, otherwise we will communicate with each other.

Talking about equivalence can't have an effective impact on patients' health. ?

Fourth, how to cultivate nurses' communication skills?

(1) Improve the knowledge quality of nurses and lay the foundation for effective nurse-patient communication. Understanding patients is the key to nurse-patient communication.

The key is to understand the patient, we must master the patient's psychological changes, feel the patient's feelings and needs from the patient's point of view, and do it.

This requires a certain knowledge of psychology, humanities and sociology. Therefore, we carried out in the whole hospital.

Knowledge series lectures, such as practical nursing psychology, patients' behavior and needs, interpersonal relationship, nurses and so on.

Lecture on everyday language, etc. , so that nurses can constantly improve their cultural literacy and enrich all aspects while strengthening their professional study.

Knowledge. Practice shows that nurses not only improve their understanding of the importance of nurse-patient communication, but also expand their knowledge.

In the process of communicating with patients, we overcame some problems in the past and made patients feel that nurses can not only provide treatment for patients.

Nursing, but also to understand their own ideas, so that their body and mind are in the best state, to achieve mutual understanding between nurses and patients.

And trust. ?

(2) Cultivate communication skills and improve the professional quality of nurses?

1. Master the skills of language communication. Listening and speaking are two important aspects of language communication. When listening to patients' complaints, protect them

Doctors pay close attention to patients patiently and should not comment at will, which can not only make patients fully express their inner feelings and troubles, but also prevent them.

Good emotions are cathartic and can provide sufficient information for nurse-patient communication. ?

Conversation is an important factor in nurse-patient communication. The language that nurses talk to patients can be divided into therapeutic language and communicative language.

Therapeutic language is a part of nursing terminology. Nurses must be familiar with the therapeutic language of their profession and pay attention to it.

The pertinence, confidentiality, caution, wit and guidance of speech depend on the patient's age, gender, personality, occupation,

The patient's illness adopts different ways of talking and attitudes, taking the patient's physical and mental needs as the starting point, and influencing the patient with language in a planned way.

Achieve the purpose of treatment. Communicative language is a more important therapeutic tool and spiritual nutrition, and the conversation between nurses and patients should

Treat each other equally, pay attention to the softness, friendliness, naturalness and politeness of language, and overcome the straightness, quickness, coarseness and rigidity of language.

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2. Master the skills of nonverbal communication. Clothing, manners, movements, eyes, posture, expressions, and both sides between people.

Communicating in a silent way will leave a deep impression on the other party. ?

(1) Create the image of angels in white. Nurses should establish a good professional image, especially pay attention to the psychological effect of first contact.

It should be, elegant and neat clothes, appropriate light makeup, dignified and generous manners, enthusiasm, cordial attitude, gentle and agile movements, all can be done.

Meet the needs of patients' safety and beauty, and have trust in nurses. ?

(2) Use reasonable space effect. Spatial distance has an important influence on communication. Choose different distances according to different situations.

Distance has different functions, such as sitting face to face or side by side in language communication, and the distance should not be greater than 1 meter.

Don't be too close, so the nurse-patient relationship is relaxed and it is convenient for effective communication. ?

(3) Pay attention to the cultivation of ability. Facial expressions and eyes can reflect the nurse's concern for the patient, and the patient can learn from the nurse's

Facial expressions get information about diseases. Nurses should smile, be frank and sincere in facing patients and communicate with them.

When the eyes can't glance left and right, look at the patient's face. During the treatment and nursing, they should focus on their own operations and properly.

Patient communication gives patients a sense of trust and security. ?

(4) Application of other skills. Gestures, touching and silence are also common skills in nurse-patient communication, which can be used appropriately.

To make patients feel care and support, we should pay attention to patients' age, gender, illness, cultural background, customs and habits when applying.

Improper application will make patients misunderstand. ?

In order to make nurse-patient communication play a greater role in systematic holistic nursing, nurses should have more extensive nursing knowledge and keep on

Practice makes communication skills gradually perfect and mature, and becomes an indispensable scientific treatment method to help patients recover their health. ?