Site selection and architectural layout of cattle farm

The site selection of cattle farm construction should be based on the requirements of traffic and epidemic prevention and whether it can create a good growth environment for calves. The layout of cattle farm buildings should also be based on the actual situation such as whether it is easy to manage. This article will discuss the location and layout of the cattle farm with you.

Niuchang site selection

1. Site requirements. It is best to build a cattle farm in a flat place with flat and dry terrain, sunny and leeward, good air circulation, low groundwater level and easy drainage; The best soil quality is sandy soil, which is permeable and breathable; 2%~5% drainage gradient should be set in the site to facilitate drainage and flood control; For example, to build a field in a mountainous area, it should be located at the sunny gentle slope with a slope less than 15% and arranged parallel to the contour line. It is forbidden to cultivate land at the top of the mountain, in the valley at the bottom of the slope or at the tuyere.

2. Transportation requirements. Cattle farm area needs to build roads that can be used by feed trucks, maintenance personnel, veterinarians and other vehicles and workers in various weather conditions, and it needs to meet the requirements of minimum road width and turning radius.

3. Safety and epidemic prevention requirements. We should give full consideration to the problems of theft prevention, sabotage prevention and arson prevention.

4. Requirements for water and electricity consumption. Meet the electricity demand for heating, lighting, water pumps, vehicles, etc. And the drift voltage is reduced as much as possible by grounding. In addition, a backup generator set is needed in case of power failure. The power system of Niuchang can be connected to three-phase electricity according to the local power supply situation.

5. Snow control. The windbreak belt helps to change the wind direction in winter and control the snowstorm. We can make full use of the windproof function of existing trees, buildings, hillsides and haystacks. But at the same time, we should be careful not to interfere with the ventilation and drainage in summer.

Building layout of cattle farm

The configuration of all kinds of buildings in beef cattle farm should be based on the principle of local conditions and scientific management, with reasonable layout and overall arrangement. It should be neat and compact, save capital investment, be beneficial to the whole production process and facilitate epidemic prevention, and pay attention to fire safety.

1. Cowshed. The cowshed should be built in the middle of the field. In order to facilitate feeding and management, the transportation route should be shortened as much as possible, which is beneficial to lighting and wind protection. When building several cowsheds, the long axes should be arranged in parallel. When there are more than four cowsheds, they can be arranged in two rows side by side, and the distance between them is about 10 meter. Cowshed building should include tool room and duty room. Small cattle farms without water towers and feed preparation rooms should also be equipped with wells, water tanks and seasoning rooms in beef sheds. Roads should be planned around cowshed and between cowshed and cowshed. Buildings and cattle farms on both sides of the road should be green, which can shade and adjust the microclimate in summer.

2. Feed preparation room. The feed preparation room should be built in the center of the cowshed, near the water tower and near each cowshed. At the same time, we should also consider the convenience of feed transportation.

3. Feed bank. The feed depot should be close to the feed preparation room, so that the traffic is convenient and the vehicles can go directly to the gate of the feed depot. The haystack should be 50 meters away from the house, in the downwind. Ammonia tanks and silage pits can be located near cowshed, which is convenient for transportation and access. However, it is necessary to prevent the sewage from cowshed and playground from infiltrating into the ammoniation pool of silage cellar.

4. Cowfarm office and dormitory. Dairy farm offices and dormitories should be built at the gate and outside the dairy farm. Prevent outsiders from crossing the floor and employees' families from entering and leaving the floor at will. Every beef shed should have a special duty room.

5. Harmless treatment points, manure storage places and veterinary rooms. Harmless treatment point, manure storage yard and veterinary room should be built in downwind and low-lying places of cowshed. Veterinary rooms, sick cattle houses and harmless treatment points should be built in the distance.