Information about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a strategic decision made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council at the beginning of the new century. It is a landmark project for the development of the western region. It will accelerate the economic and social development of Qinghai and Tibet provinces and enhance national unity. , which benefits people of all ethnic groups and is of great significance. The railway was fully opened to traffic at 9:00 on July 1, 2006.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs from Xining City, Qinghai Province to Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers. Among them, the section from Xining to Golmud is 814 kilometers long. It was completed and paved in 1979 and put into operation in 1984. The Golmud to Lhasa section starts from Golmud City, Qinghai Province, and runs southward along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It has a total length of 1,142 kilometers, of which 1,110 kilometers are newly built and 32 kilometers of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshan Pass are renovated. The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway faces severe challenges of "three major problems": permafrost, alpine hypoxia, and ecological fragility. The project is arduous, demanding, and difficult.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway started construction on June 29, 2001. An investment of 1.18 billion yuan was completed that year. The transformation of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou was completed, achieving a first victory. In 2002, an investment of 5.32 billion yuan was completed. Track laying started on June 29, and it successfully reached Kunlun Mountain by the end of the year. The annual planned investment in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction is 5.6 billion yuan. The total investment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway exceeds 33 billion yuan; 78.53 million cubic meters of roadbed earth and stone have been completed for the entire line, 675 bridges, nearly 160,000 meters long, and 2,000 culverts There are 050 tunnels with a length of 37,662 meters; there are seven tunnels with a length of 9,074 meters.

At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also achieved great results in permafrost research, health protection, environmental protection, quality assurance, etc.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be put into trial operation on July 1, and is expected to become a world-class plateau railway with basically "unmanned" management along the line.

Through the joint efforts of all personnel involved in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, all station lines and auxiliary track tracks of the entire Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid. At this point, all track laying of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been completed.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is currently the highest railway in the world. The average temperature along the line is below zero degrees Celsius all year round, and the oxygen content in the air is only half of that in the plains. The railway passes through 960 kilometers of sections above 4,000 meters above sea level, with the highest point over Tanggula Mountain reaching an altitude of 5,072 meters.

The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will further accelerate the economic development of Tibet and Qinghai provinces. The history of "it is easy to go abroad and difficult to enter Tibet" will be gone forever. Railway transportation will greatly reduce the passenger and freight transportation in and out of Tibet. cost and improve safety.

[Edit this paragraph] The opening of the "Sky Road" will make the "Roof of the World" no longer far away

The world's highest plateau railway - the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, was put into trial operation in July 2006 Fully launched on the 1st.

After the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 75% of the materials entering and leaving Tibet will be borne by the railway, thereby changing the shortcomings of long road transportation distances, high freight costs, and large losses in the past.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the third pole of the earth, is famous for its high altitude, thin air, low oxygen content, strong ultraviolet rays, year-round snow cover, and complex climate. Paul Theroux, a modern American train traveler, wrote in the book "Traveling in China": "With the Kunlun Mountains, the railway will never reach Lhasa."

After four years of hard work, after conquering After many rare technological difficulties, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was fully completed in 2005. Because it crosses the highest plateau in the world, this railway is also known as the "Heavenly Road".

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company plans to launch a luxury tourist train that will pass through world-famous scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake, Kunlun Mountains, Hoh Xil, the Source of the Three Rivers, the Northern Tibetan Grasslands, and the Potala Palace.

To help tourists cope with possible altitude sickness, special oxygen supply equipment will be equipped in the train. After completion, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will also use an infrared monitoring system to ensure unattended operation on the plateau and maintain all-weather traffic. A garbage collection system and garbage collection trains will also be launched to transport household garbage generated along the way to Lhasa or Golmud for processing.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining City in Qinghai Province and ends in Lhasa City in the Tibet Autonomous Region in the west, with a total length of nearly 2,000 kilometers. After the opening of the train, the speed on general sections will reach 120 kilometers per hour, and the journey time from Golmud to Lhasa will not exceed 12 hours.

[Edit this paragraph] The "best" of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest altitude railway in the world, faces fragile ecology, high cold, hypoxia, and permafrost There were several global problems such as strong winds disrupting work, etc., and many "firsts" at home and abroad were created during the construction process.

The highest altitude in the world

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which has the longest mileage in permafrost and high-altitude sections, starts from Xining City, Qinghai Province, and ends in Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers, crossing altitudes There are 960 kilometers of sections above 4,000 meters.

The Golmud to Lhasa section of the second phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total length of 1,118 kilometers, is a landmark project in my country's implementation of the western development. The Gela section starts from Golmud, an emerging industrial city in the Qaidam Basin in western Qinghai Province. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through Nachitai, Kunlun Mountains, Wudaoliang, Tuotuo River, Yanshiping, crosses the Tanggula Mountains, and then passes through the northern Tibetan plateau. Amdo, Nagqu, Damxung and Yangpajing, all the way south to Lhasa. It passes through more than 550 kilometers of permafrost, with an average altitude of over 4,500 meters. The highest track crosses the Tanggula Mountain Pass with an altitude of 5,072 meters. This steel artery, with a total investment of 26.21 billion yuan, is planned to be paved in 2006 and will be fully opened to traffic on July 1, 2007.

Towering peaks, rolling snow, and vast Gobi... the ancient and mysterious Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been lonely and lonely for thousands of years. Although the land here is vast, rich, beautiful and rich, in the past, due to economic, social, natural and other conditions, traffic congestion and poor logistics, the plateau people could only stick to the self-sufficient manor economy for a long time. Until 1949, there was only more than 1 kilometer of road in Tibet that could drive cars, and the only water transportation was zip-line bridges, cowhide boats and canoes.

In order to promote economic development in plateau areas, as early as the 1950s, the party and the state focused on research and solution to the problem of railway construction into Tibet. After construction started in 1958, construction was suspended in 1960, and construction resumed in 1974, in 1984, the 814-kilometer section from Xining to Golmud of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed and opened to traffic.

No other railway in the world can be so shocking and exciting. On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, "the most mysterious place besides the moon", a world-famous steel giant is winding its way. Moving forward in a meandering way, it breaks through the forbidden zone of life, crosses the Gobi and Kunlun Mountains, and flies over the rift valleys and natural chasms... It tells the world with indisputable facts: it is currently the highest plateau railway with the longest route in the world!

The world's highest plateau permafrost tunnel - Fenghuoshan Tunnel

Fenghuoshan Tunnel is located on Fenghuoshan at an altitude of 5,010 meters, with a total length of 1,338 meters and a rail surface elevation of 4,905 meters. All located in the permanent plateau permafrost, it is currently the highest altitude and longest plateau Yongfeng volcanic tunnel permafrost tunnel in the world across the permafrost area. It is known as the "world's highest tunnel".

When we came to Fenghuoshan Tunnel, we were first attracted by the huge couplet in front of the tunnel entrance: "Riding on the white clouds caressing the blue sky to fight against the snow-bound Canglong, stepping on the breeze to invite the bright moon to penetrate the world's highest tunnel." The climate environment in the Fenghuoshan area is extremely harsh, with an average annual temperature of minus 7 degrees Celsius and a minimum temperature of about minus 40 degrees Celsius. It is extremely cold and hypoxic.

More than 300 builders from China Railway 20th Bureau in Xianyang, Shaanxi participated in the battle to open the Tonghuoshuo Tunnel. In order to solve the problem of hypoxia on the plateau, they built the highest oxygen production station in the world. During the tunnel construction, diffuse oxygen supply was carried out in the tunnel to increase the oxygen content in the tunnel, which fundamentally solved the problem of plateau construction. The oxygen problem. At the same time, China Railway 20th Bureau also equipped each employee dormitory with oxygen-inhaling equipment and provided anti-hypoxia drugs to ensure that each employee can absorb enough oxygen. Due to the scientific measures taken to build the entire Qinghai-Tibet Railway, although the construction conditions here are the worst, the incidence of altitude sickness among employees is the lowest along the entire line.

On October 18, 2001, the first shot was fired in the Fenghuoshan Tunnel, and the debris produced was shocking. The soil content of these spoils is about 15% to 20%. The geological structure of the tunnel is mainly soil-containing ice layer, ice-saturated permafrost, primitive glaciers, fissure ice, sandstone, mudstone and silt interbedded. The Fenghuoshan Tunnel is listed as the first key project on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and is known as the "No. 1 Project in Tianzi".

In order to ensure the quality of construction, China Railway 20th Bureau invested more than 52 million yuan to purchase domestic first-class tunnel construction equipment, implemented rail transportation in the tunnel, and built high-pressure steam boilers and heaters. The thermal insulation and cooling systems in the station and the tunnel have solved a series of problems such as temperature control of concrete construction in the tunnel. On October 19, 2002, the Fenghuoshuo Tunnel, the highest plateau frozen soil tunnel in the world, was completed by the builders for a whole year. After fighting hard, he finally succeeded.

The world's longest plateau frozen soil tunnel - Kunlun Mountain Tunnel

The entrance to the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel at an altitude of 4648 meters is covered with snow in June. It is cold and hypoxic all year round, and the oxygen content is only In half of the inland plains, the lowest temperature reaches minus 30 degrees Celsius. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway builders working hard here braved the harsh natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to build the longest plateau frozen soil tunnel in the world. Tunnel construction in permafrost areas is much more difficult than in plain areas. Every summer, the temperature inside the tunnel rises, sometimes reaching about 7 degrees Celsius. At such temperatures, the frozen soil easily melts, and ice slag falls from time to time in the tunnel, which brings great difficulties to the construction. In order to prevent and reduce the impact of frozen soil diseases on the stability of the tunnel, the tunnel construction in Kunlun Mountains took twice as many processes as in plain areas. Tunnel construction in plain areas only requires an additional layer of concrete after anchor shotcrete support. However, tunnel construction in frozen soil areas requires two waterproof layers and an insulation board to play a waterproof and thermal insulation role, and finally lining. A line of concrete. This is equivalent to putting on waterproof and warm clothing for the tunnel, effectively solving the problem of frozen soil tunnel construction.

In order to protect the physical and mental health of construction workers, China Railway No. 5 Engineering Group No. 4 Company has stipulated a four-hour shift operation system, provides sufficient oxygen to workers in the tunnel every day, and regularly checks the air quality in the tunnel. At the entrance of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, a yellow ventilation duct runs across the tunnel like a ribbon. This ribbon continuously inputs fresh air from outside the tunnel into the tunnel, ensuring the oxygen content during tunnel construction. They also set up an emergency center at the entrance of the tunnel, built a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at the construction site, and equipped the employee dormitories with oxygen bottles. At the same time, employees will undergo physical examinations every quarter. If any are found to be unwell, they will be sent to Golmud immediately for treatment.

The Kunlun Mountain Tunnel was completed on September 25, 2002.

This has solidified the blood, sweat and wisdom of so many working people!

The world's highest railway station - Tanggula Station Tanggula Station

Tanggula Station is located in the permafrost area of ??the Tanggula Mountain Pass at an altitude of 5,068 meters, covering an area of ??about 77,000 square meters. Designed as a three-stranded path. Tanggula Station mainly meets the needs of trains. The station was constructed by the Sixth Project Department under the China Railway 18th Bureau. According to the geographical location and geological characteristics of this station, a gravel ventilation roadbed was used in the project design. This design can keep the temperature of the frozen soil relatively stable to reduce disturbance to the frozen soil and achieve the purpose of effectively protecting the frozen soil.

Tanggula Station was completed in August 2004 and has become a major attraction on the Qinghai-Tibet Line.

Asia’s largest plateau railway

The paving base at Nanshankou is about 30 kilometers south from Golmud City, the starting point of the Gela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, to the China Railway Construction The largest and highest-grade plateau paving base in history is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Nanshan Pass paving base located at an altitude of 3,050 meters.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway’s Nanshan Pass paving base has a large scale and high technical content, ranking first in the history of China’s railway construction. When the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started, this place was still full of yellow sand, inaccessible and desolate. Since the clarion call for the start of construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was sounded on June 29, 2001, more than 500 employees of China Railway No. 1 Bureau have fought against hypoxia, wind and sand, and slept in the open in this barren land, starting a battle between man and nature and railway construction. We have overcome many difficulties through tough battles on technology and management level, and raised the "leading" flag for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway's start-up.

The installation and debugging of mechanical equipment at the paving base began in March 2002, and the trial production of the nailing production line began in April 2002. Guo Xiuchun said that the Nanshankou paving base is responsible for the track laying task of the Nanshankou to Anduo section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs across the "roof of the world". Due to high cold, lack of oxygen, low pressure, as well as unfavorable factors such as large slopes, large temperature differences, wind and sand, thunder and lightning, it has brought huge difficulties to construction and transportation.

Currently, the power of domestically produced track laying machines, bridge erecting machines and diesel locomotives drops by nearly half on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an average altitude of 4,000 meters. Generally, the maximum slope adaptability is 12/1000, and due to lack of oxygen and insufficient fuel combustion, A large amount of waste gas causes environmental pollution. The maximum designed gradient of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 20/1000. The harsh climate conditions and special geographical environment have become a "stumbling block" to the railway laying. To this end, the China Railway No. 1 Bureau mobilized experts with rich experience in paving to transform domestic track-laying and bridge-laying machinery and diesel locomotives, and proposed the development of oxygen supplementation and pressurization equipment, transformation of machinery and rolling stock equipment, and prevention of severe cold, wind and sand, lightning and a series of specific solutions and measures. The modified track laying and bridge erecting machines and diesel locomotives operate on slopes with a slope of 22/1000, with good power performance, normal equipment operation and minimal environmental pollution. This scientific research achievement has filled the gap in domestic plateau paving technology, thereby providing equipment support for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

In the period since the track laying of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, China Railway No. 1 Bureau has been continuously advancing the steel highway towards Lhasa at an average daily track laying rate of 3,000 meters and a daily bridge construction rate of 3.5 holes. They set a record of the highest daily track laying of 6,575 meters and the daily bridge construction of 6.5 holes. This speed is basically equivalent to the speed of laying in plain areas, and ensures safety and quality.

The world's longest "substitute road" bridge and the longest railway bridge on plateau frozen soil

The Qingshui River Bridge is located in the uninhabited land of Hoh Xil at an altitude of more than 4,500 meters, with a total length of 11.7 kilometers. It is the longest "bridge instead of road" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and is also a key control project in the construction of the entire Qinghai-Tibet Railway's Gela section. Qingshui River Extra Large Bridge

The Qingshui River Extra Large Railway Bridge is like a beautiful "rainbow", flying over the core area of ??the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve with an average altitude of more than 4,600 meters. Here in Hoh Xil, it is extremely cold and hypoxic, with sparse vegetation and a fragile ecology. At the same time, this area is located in the permafrost section of the plateau. The frozen soil is more than 20 meters thick and contains high ice content, which makes it more difficult to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In order to solve construction problems in plateau permafrost areas and protect nature reserves, experts in the survey and design of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway adopted the measure of "replacing roads with bridges."

The seasonal temperature difference in the Qingshui River area is obvious, with the highest temperature in summer reaching 38 degrees Celsius and the lowest temperature in winter reaching minus 40 degrees Celsius. Under such climate conditions, thermal lakes and underground rivers will appear in the permafrost area. , freezing swelling and other phenomena. In addition to the thermal lakes and ponds that can be seen on the surface, in summer, when the temperature rises and the permafrost melts, underground rivers will also be formed between 20 and 30 meters underground; in winter, thermal lakes and underground rivers will form Due to the sharp drop in temperature, frozen swelling balls protruding from the surface will be formed. If the problem of frozen soil is not properly handled, the railways built will turn into uneven washboard roads, leaving hidden operational risks. Due to harsh weather conditions, some bridge piers have developed moire patterns due to the cold weather. In order to ensure the quality of the bridge piers, the China Railway 12th Bureau Headquarters has blown up three such bridge piers.

Under the bridge that meanders like a giant dragon, more than 1,300 bridge holes between the bridge piers allow Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals to migrate freely. Now, the railway tracks have been laid smoothly across the bridge. In the mysterious and beautiful Hoh Xil no-man's land, the Qingshui River Railway Bridge has become a charming landscape.

The highest bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway - the Sancha River Bridge

15 kilometers upstream from Nachitai on the northern edge of the Kunlun Mountains, a majestic bridge rises from the ground, like a giant's bridge Arms holding up the oncoming train. This bridge is the Sancha River Bridge, the highest bridge along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Sancha River Sancha River Bridge and the Completion Monument Bridge have a total length of 690.19 meters, and the bridge deck is 54.1 meters from the valley bottom. It is the highest railway bridge on the entire Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It has 20 piers, 17 of which are circular thin-walled hollow piers. The thinnest part of the top wall of the pier body is only 30 cm.

The Sancha River Bridge is located in an alpine valley with an altitude of more than 3,800 meters. The canyon formed by the alluvial strata here is like a sharp ax splitting a high mountain from it. Both ends of the Sancha River Bridge are suspended on the steep cliffs.

The Third Company of China Railway 14th Bureau undertook the construction task of Sancha River Bridge. The normal construction period for a bridge of similar size in the Mainland is two years. However, this bridge is a key control project of the Gela section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and is responsible for transporting materials for track laying and beams ahead. Therefore, the control period for the construction of the bridge is only one year. In order to ensure the completion on time, they had to seize the time, even in the cold winter, the construction had to be carried out.

In January and February, the local temperature is as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius, so the problem of thermal insulation must be solved first when pouring concrete for the bridge piers. After repeated experiments, they adopted the method of passing steam inside the formwork to keep it warm, lighting a stove outside the formwork, and covering it with quilts and tarpaulins to create a relatively warm small environment in the icy world.

Through the tenacious efforts of the builders, the Sancha River Bridge was completed on schedule in one year.

The first railway bridge at the source of the Yangtze River - the Yangtze River Source Super Bridge

Standing in front of the "Yangtze River Source" Environmental Protection Monument and looking at the Tuotuo River in the distance, I saw only the bridge piers standing quietly. In the river. Clear water flowed downstream around the bridge piers. This is the location of the Yangtze River Source Yangtze River Source Super Bridge, the first bridge at the source of the Yangtze River.

The Yangtze River Source Bridge is 1,389.6 meters long, has 42 holes at its core, and spans a wide river bed of about 1,300 meters. The Tuotuo River Basin where the bridge site is located is a large river melting zone in the hinterland of the permafrost area of ??the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has the dual characteristics of both frozen soil and melting zone, which brings certain difficulties to the construction. Since the start of construction on November 24, 2001, the construction of the Yangtze River Source Bridge has been progressing very smoothly, and the main project was completed more than 300 days earlier than the required date. The bored piles of the entire bridge have undergone non-destructive testing, and the pass rate reached 100%.

When constructing at the source of the Yangtze River, the most concerning issue is environmental protection. China Railway No. 3 Bureau has taken various measures to protect the environment here from pollution. The mud generated during bored pile construction must undergo secondary sedimentation treatment. It is strictly prohibited to discharge unsettled mud directly into the river. The water separated from the sedimentation tank will be used for roadbed construction and road sprinkling. Other waste materials, waste residues, etc. must also be disposed of in the borrow pit abandoned by the construction and leveled. As for protecting local vegetation and not disturbing wild animals, these are the principles that all employees follow.

The railway construction project with the most investment in environmental protection

The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway faces three major railway construction problems in the world: fragile ecology, alpine and hypoxic environment, and geological structure of permafrost. In order to protect the blue sky, clear lake water and rare wild animals of the plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has invested more than 2 billion yuan in environmental protection alone, accounting for 8% of the total project investment. It is currently the railway construction project with the largest investment in environmental protection by the Chinese government. For the first time, environmental supervision was introduced in the construction of a national project, and for the first time an environmental protection responsibility letter was signed with the local environmental protection department; for the first time, a migration channel was opened for wild animals. The Qingshui River Bridge, located in the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve, is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway's special purpose for Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals. Built for animal migration.

One of the railway projects with the highest benefits for migrant workers

In order to overcome the harsh environment of high cold and hypoxia and protect the lives and health of railway builders. For the first time in the history of my country's engineering construction, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health jointly made detailed provisions on medical and health security, and invested nearly 200 million yuan to establish medical and health security points across the entire line. Today, all key construction sections along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway are basically equipped with advanced equipment such as hyperbaric oxygen chambers, which effectively solves the problem of hypoxia for builders. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is also one of the railway projects with the highest treatment for migrant workers. The railway department has invested heavily in implementing three unifications for the management of migrant workers: "unified life, unified residence, and unified diet"; for the first time, it has stipulated the daily minimum wage for migrant workers and implemented free medical care for migrant workers. Assure.

The largest frozen soil research base in China and even the world

In order to overcome the problem of frozen soil, since the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started, the Ministry of Railways has attached great importance to the problem of frozen soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and has successively arranged for 100 million yuan of scientific research funding was used for frozen soil research, and experts from many scientific research institutions were organized to carry out scientific research on the five major frozen soil engineering experimental sections of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and a large amount of scientific research data and scientific research results were obtained. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway's frozen soil research draws on the frozen soil construction experience of large-scale projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, the Qinghai-Tibet Oil Pipeline, and the Lansila Optical Cable, and discusses and draws on the frozen soil research results of Russia, Canada, and Northern Europe. At present, our country's scientists have adopted measures such as replacing roads with bridges, gravel ventilation subgrade, ventilation pipe subgrade, gravel and gravel slope protection, hot rods, insulation boards, comprehensive waterproofing and drainage systems. Significant progress has been made in permafrost research. The frozen soil of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway The research base has become the largest frozen soil research base in China and even the world.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also set many new records in terms of paying attention to the lives and health of builders. For the first time in the history of China's engineering construction, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Health jointly made detailed and specific provisions on medical and health security.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has invested nearly 200 million yuan for the first time in domestic project construction and established three-level medical and health support points along the entire line.

In addition, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction process also created many other records. For example, four giant flatbed trucks were used to transport the first batch of four diesel locomotives allocated to Tibet by the country. This initiative on the plateau has set many records in the history of Tibetan road transportation. The Anduo paving base at an altitude of 4,700 meters is the highest paving base in the world.

[Edit this paragraph] The plateau ecology has not been significantly affected

In terms of ecological and environmental protection, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction is monitored throughout the process: it is the first time to introduce environmental supervision in national project construction; for the first time, it cooperates with local environmental protection The department signed an environmental protection responsibility letter; for the first time in the history of railway construction, the goal of "creating quality and environmental protection" was proposed; for the first time, large-scale turf was transplanted; for the first time, migration channels were opened for wild animals...

For environmental protection work As a result, the investment in environmental protection in the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is expected to reach more than 2 billion yuan, accounting for 8% of the total investment in the project. Lu Chunfang, commander-in-chief of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters, said that it is the first time in the history of domestic construction that environmental protection investment and proportion are so large.

When the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was built at his doorstep, Awang, the party secretary of Gulu Town in Nagqu County, was a little worried: This is the area with the richest water and grass on the Qiangtang grassland in northern Tibet. Will building the railway destroy the grassland? However, when the railway builders built the railway station in Gulu Wetland, they invested more than 1.1 million yuan and successfully transplanted and built more than 80,000 square meters of artificial wetland. Ngawang was reassured: "Although the railway construction has taken up some grassland, the green here has not been reduced."

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the birthplace of giant rivers and an important origin center of mountain biological species in the world. The ecological environment is primitive, unique and fragile. Before the start of railway construction, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the Ministry of Railways formed a joint expert group to conduct in-depth research on ecological and environmental protection work along the line, formulated specific environmental protection measures, and budgeted more than 1 billion yuan for ecological and environmental protection projects.

Caifan, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters, said that in order to solve the problem of "ecological fragility", the railway was designed to minimize its impact on the ecology. In nature reserves, railway lines are planned according to the principle of "avoidance if possible". The construction site, access roads, and gravel pits have been repeatedly surveyed to avoid damaging vegetation as much as possible. For areas where it is difficult for vegetation to grow, section-by-section transplantation will be used during construction; for areas with better natural conditions, artificial turf will be cultivated. The participating units have signed environmental protection responsibility letters with the environmental protection departments of Qinghai and Tibet provinces, and have taken the initiative to accept supervision and inspection. An environmental protection supervision system has been implemented across the board.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through two national nature reserves, Hoh Xil and Qiangtang. In order to protect wild animals, 25 wild animal migration passages have been built along the railway. Electronic monitoring by the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Construction Headquarters confirmed that large numbers of Tibetan antelopes migrated freely through the wildlife passages along the railway. Investigations by the State Environmental Protection Administration and other departments have shown that since the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway began, the frozen soil, vegetation, wetland environment, natural landscapes, river water quality, etc. along the line have been effectively protected, and the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has not been significantly affected.

[Edit this paragraph] Create the miracle of not having a single case of death from altitude sickness

The sections of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway above 4,000 meters above sea level account for about 85% of the entire line, and the annual average temperature is below zero degrees Celsius. The air oxygen content in some areas is only 50%-60% of that in the mainland. It is known as the "forbidden zone" at the limit of human survival due to high cold and lack of oxygen, raging sandstorms, strong ultraviolet rays, and many natural epidemic sources. How to ensure the safety of builders in the harsh plateau environment is also a worldwide problem.

Caifan, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the General Headquarters, said that in order to solve this problem, the participating units adhered to "people-oriented, health security first" and established and improved three-level medical security institutions. There are 115 medical institutions set up along the railway lines, equipped with more than 600 medical personnel. Employees who fall ill can receive effective treatment within half an hour. At the same time, regular physical examinations are conducted for employees and employees are arranged to take turns in low-altitude areas.

During the construction of the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel at an altitude of more than 4,600 meters, the construction workers carried 5 kilograms of oxygen bottles and breathed oxygen while working. In the past year of construction, 5 kilograms of bottles were consumed. 120,000 bottles of oxygen. China Railway 17th Bureau has installed oxygen supply pipes in the construction site dormitories. As long as the valve is opened, oxygen can be absorbed at any time.

During the construction of Fenghuoshuo Tunnel at an altitude of 4,905 meters, China Railway 20th Bureau built a large oxygen generation station to transport oxygen to the construction tunnel, bringing the oxygen content in the tunnel to about 80%, which is equivalent to lowering the altitude of the construction site by more than 1,000 meters. It is understood that 17 oxygen generating stations have been established along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, equipped with 25 hyperbaric oxygen chambers. Each of tens of thousands of employees breathes oxygen for an average of no less than 2 hours a day.

With a strong medical security system, since the start of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, a total of more than 453,000 patients have been treated, 427 cases of cerebral edema and 841 cases of pulmonary edema have been treated, with no deaths, creating a plateau. A miracle in the history of medicine.

[Edit this paragraph] Museum of the World's Permafrost Engineering

Permafrost expands in volume when frozen, and shrinks in volume when it melts in summer. Under the repeated action of these two phenomena, the foundation of the road or house will crack or collapse. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has low latitude, high altitude, strong sunshine, and frequent geological tectonic movements. The complexity and uniqueness of its permafrost are unparalleled in the world.

[Edit this paragraph] Qinghai-Tibet Railway train lines

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has opened 7 lines to the holy city of Lhasa across the country. Currently, there are Guangzhou to Lhasa, Shanghai to Lhasa, Beijing to Lhasa, Lanzhou to Lhasa, Xining to Lhasa, Chengdu to Lhasa, Chongqing to Lhasa. The cities that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through are: Beijing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Wuchang, Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, Shanghai, Wuxi, Nanjing, Bengbu, Xuzhou, Xi'an, Chengdu, Guangyuan, Baoji, Chongqing, Guang'an, Dazhou, Baoji, Lanzhou, Xining, Dezhou There are 27 towns in Lingha, Golmud, Tuotuohe, Anduo, Nagqu and Damxiong. The train models are mainly air-conditioned express, and the direct trains include: T264 (T265), T164 (T165), T22 (T23), T222 (T223), T27, N917, and K917 to the Lhasa terminal.

In general, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the pride of China!

Significance and role

1. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an epoch-making economic and cultural line

The completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will surely have a broad and far-reaching impact on changing the poverty and backwardness of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promoting the unity and progress of all ethnic groups and common prosperity, and promoting the rapid and good economic and social development of Qinghai and Tibet. influence. It is conducive to promoting the development of Tibetan industry, tourism and other industries, optimizing Tibet's industrial structure, and achieving balanced and coordinated development of my country's regional economy; it is conducive to the development of Tibet's mineral resources and giving full play to its resource advantages; it is conducive to reducing the transportation cost of goods entering and leaving Tibet , improve economic benefits; it is conducive to Tibet's opening up to the outside world, strengthening economic exchanges and cooperation with other regions and foreign countries; it is conducive to the development of Tibet's market mechanism and the enhancement of people's market awareness, and promotes economic development; it is conducive to the living standards of the Tibetan people Improve the happiness and prosperity of the people across the country. It is conducive to promoting the common prosperity of all ethnic groups in our country and further consolidating a new type of ethnic relations of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance; it is conducive to the stability of our country's border areas and the strengthening of national defense; it is conducive to the reflection of the minority people's master status and the consolidation of national power. . Therefore, the primary purpose of building a railway is to provide strong transport capacity support for Tibet's economic and social development. At the same time, the construction of this railway can also enable us to further increase close connections and exchanges between the mainland and Tibet, enhance national unity, and protect homeland security.

Use the role of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to build a first-class logistics center in the country. We should step up research on the profound impact that the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will have on all aspects of Tibet's economic and social life, use new ideas to plan development, maximize the huge development potential of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, maximize the powerful radiation effect of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and make The Qinghai-Tibet Railway strives to build the Nagqu Logistics Center into a first-class logistics center in the country in order to better promote the economic and social development of Tibet and benefit the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet.