The main deeds of Truman's life

Truman, the 33rd president of the United States, put forward "Truman Doctrine" in 1947, and approved "Marshall Plan" for the purpose of fostering Europe in 1948. The following is the main story of Truman that I share with you. Welcome to read and learn

Truman's life

Harry? Harry Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri on May 8, 1884. After graduating from high school, I did various odd jobs in Kansas City and taught myself law. Served in the Missouri National Guard from 195 to 1911. From 1917 to 1918, he studied at Sirborg Field Artillery School in Oklahoma. Joined the Democratic Party in 1921. From 1923 to 1925, he studied at Kansas City Law School.

From 1922 to 1934, he served as judge and chief judge of Jackson County, Missouri. He was elected as a senator in 1934 and re-elected in 194. During World War II, he served as chairman of the Senate Special Committee on National Defense Planning. In July 1944, he was recommended by the chairman of the Democratic National Committee and was nominated as a vice presidential candidate. In January 1945, he served as vice president. April 1945 Franklin? Truman succeeded President Roosevelt after his death. He was re-elected as president from 1949 to 1953. The use of the atomic bomb against Japan in 1945 quickly ended the Second World War. In 1947, Truman Doctrine was put forward, and Congress was asked to allocate 4 million dollars to help Greece and Turkey to suppress the local people's revolutionary movement. In 1948, the Marshall Plan was approved for the purpose of controlling Europe. In 1953, he retired and returned to his hometown.

died in Kansas city on December 16th, 1972.

Truman's early career

1. World War I

Shortly after the United States participated in World War I, Truman joined the Missouri National Guard as an officer, and led an artillery unit in France, named Group D of Artillery Company, belonging to the 129 Field Artillery Corps of the 6 th Brigade of the 35 th Division. In terms of physical fitness, Truman's vision in his right eye is 2/5, while that in his left eye is 2/4. However, because he secretly memorized the vision checklist before the physical fitness test, he can still pass the test. Before going to France, Truman was trained in Silburg near Lawton, Oklahoma. During the training, he was assigned to take care of the sales department of the military camp (providing candy, cigarettes, shoelaces, combing water, tobacco and writing documents for soldiers), so almost every soldier in the camp knew Truman. In order to manage the sales department conveniently, he recruited Edward, a Jewish friend who used to be a clerk in a clothing store in Kansas City. Sergeant Jacobson came to help. In addition, Truman also met Kansas City politician Tom? Pendergast's nephew James? M? Pendergast, and this politician helped Truman to some extent after the war.

In France, Captain Truman's artillery company performed very well. Although they were attacked at Mount Vosges, he was able to make very effective resistance. Truman was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the National Guard in the future, and he has always been quite proud of his background in serving in the army, because under his leadership, Group D of the Artillery Company of the Artillery Corps did not lose anyone in the war.

2. Judge Jackson County

In Kansas City, Tom? With the help of Pendergast, Truman was elected as a judge of Jackson County Court in Missouri in 1922. The nature of this position is similar to that of the county head, both of which are administrative in nature and are not responsible for hearing cases. Later, although Truman failed to run for re-election in 1924, he was re-elected in 1926 and re-elected in 193. During his tenure, he was very diligent, and several large-scale public construction projects won him a lot of praise, including expanding roads to meet the increasing traffic volume and building a new county court building. In addition, he planned to build twelve Madonna of the Trail all over the country to honor women who have made outstanding contributions to the country.

In 1922, Truman paid a friend a $1 membership fee for the Klan, but the money was returned to Truman soon, so Truman never joined the club, never attended any activities of the Klan, and never was a member of the Klan. Although Truman once expressed hatred for Jews in his diary, his friend and business partner, Jacobson, was exactly a Jew, and Truman became a great promoter of Israel's founding in the future.

3. Senator

In the 1934 US Senate election, Pendergast appointed Truman to compete for the Senate seat in Missouri and supported President Roosevelt's "New Deal". However, in the nomination election within the Democratic Party, Truman once encountered a competitor Tucker? Milligan's strong opposition. And Tucker's brother Morris? M? Milligan not only brought down Pendergast's political clique in the future, but also confronted Truman in the Senate election in 194.

During the Senate election, although three people were killed in Kansas City, the election was not interrupted. Finally, under the shadow of "Senator of Pendergast", Truman was elected successfully. At the beginning of his tenure as a senator, he strongly supported the "New Deal" under the influence of Pendergast, but Truman himself pointed out that supporting the "New Deal" was entirely his personal attitude.

in 1936, milligan opposed Lloyd? C? Stark's election as governor of Missouri was investigated, and 258 people were convicted. But more importantly, milligan and later discovered that Pendergast did not pay federal taxes from 1927 to 1937, and secretly defrauded insurance. Stark received Pendergast's blessing during his campaign for governor, but he betrayed and testified against Pendergast in the later trial, and took over the federal government from Pendergast and Truman and sent it to local governments for the implementation of the "New Deal". Finally, in 1939, Pendergast pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 15 months' imprisonment in addition to being fined $1,. The trial of Pendergast was delayed many times because of his deteriorating health and heart attack.

After Pendergast's fall from power, Stark and milligan joined the Democratic Party in the Senate nomination election in 194, challenging Truman. However, their participation in the election dispersed the anti-Pendergast votes, and Truman got the leader of the Democratic Party in St. Louis, Robert? E? With the support of hannigan, Truman was re-elected as a senator. Later, in 1944, hannigan helped Truman become Roosevelt's vice president.

unexpectedly, however, a few days after Truman was sworn in as vice president, that is, a few months before he succeeded Roosevelt as president, he publicly attended Pendergast's funeral. It is understood that he is also the only elected government official to attend.

Truman often defends his support for Pendergast, saying that his benefits outweigh his rewards. Truman added that when he was promoted to the Senate, Pendergast once advised: Shut your mouth and concentrate on answering your email.

4. Truman Committee

On June 23, 1941, the day after Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Senator Truman published: "If Germany is better than the Soviet Union, we should help the Soviet side; But if the Soviet Union is dominant, then we should help Germany and try our best to let them kill, even though I have never wanted to see Hitler win under any circumstances. " (The New York Times, June 24, 1941) Truman's statement, which seemed that the United States would support Nazi Germany, made both liberals and conservatives feel uneasy. As a result, Truman quickly retracted this statement and clarified it.

Truman led a committee (commonly known as Truman Committee) in wartime, which was responsible for investigating military scandals such as administrative confusion, waste and fraud of resources, and won him a lot of fame and praise. Among them, his "common sense measures to reduce expenditure" on the military made Truman widely supported and respected. At first, this Committee was thought to be likely to damage the morale of the army, but it proved to be a great success, because it saved at least $11 billion for the military, and Truman even appeared on the cover of Time magazine. Truman appeared on the cover of Time magazine nine times, and was elected as the "man of the hour" in 1945 and 1949.

5. Vice President

Robert, the leader of the St. Louis Democratic Party who supported Truman's re-election as a senator? E? Hannigan reached an agreement with Truman in 1944 to help him become vice president.

At that time, hannigan was the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, while President Roosevelt was elected by Vice President Henry? Wallace advocates liberalism too much and wants to be replaced. James from South Carolina? F? Burns was one of the popular candidates, but he was considered too conservative because of his apartheid status, so hannigan recommended Truman at the 1944 Democratic National Conference held in Chicago, which led to the appearance of "Roosevelt? Truman "combination, as a result, this combination won an overwhelming victory in the election. As for hannigan's recommendation of Truman, it was called "Missouri Agreement" by the media.

On April 12th, 1945, Truman was in Congress with Speaker Sam? Rayburn together, Truman was summoned to the White House. After arriving at the White House, Eleanor? Roosevelt told him that Roosevelt had died. So Truman sympathized with what he could do for her, but the former first lady asked, "Is there anything we can do for you? You are in trouble now. "

during Truman's presidency

1. The first president (1945 ~1949)

After the end of World War II

Truman was appointed as the vice president when Roosevelt's health was deteriorating, and he served as vice president for only 82 days, so they did not carry out important cooperation. Some major projects, such as the Manhattan project, Truman did not participate.

After President Roosevelt died of illness in April 1945, Truman took over as president at an important moment in American history. As president, facing a series of thorny issues, Truman made many important decisions related to the United States and the world, which had a profound impact on the development of American foreign policy and international relations after World War II.

Truman once told the media: "I feel like the moon, stars and all the planets are going to fall on me."

The following is an excerpt from the major events that happened in Truman's first five months in office:

Representatives of various countries decided to establish the United Nations in San Francisco, California

Mussolini of Italy was killed

Hitler was declared to have committed suicide

Berlin fell

Nazi Germany surrendered

The anniversary of the victory of the European War

The allies held a Potsdam meeting. Discuss how to rebuild the post-war order

The Allied Forces dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima

The Soviet Union declared war on Japan

The Allied Forces dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki

They agreed to surrender for the anniversary of the victory of the war against Japan

The United Nations, Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

Truman realized that the United States and the Soviet Union no longer had the same enemies and interests after World War II. As a "Wilson internationalist", Truman strongly supported the establishment of the United Nations, and was the former first lady Eleanor? With Roosevelt's assistance, the first United Nations General Assembly was convened to respond to the society's post-war desire for peace.

Although Truman modestly claimed that he was not familiar with foreign affairs and that Congress was controlled by * * * and the Party, he still published "Truman Doctrine" and implemented "Marshall Plan" with the support of domestic Baptists. "Truman Doctrine" was the beginning of the "containment policy" of the United States. He successively asked Congress to allocate 4 million dollars to support Greece and Turkey in their struggle against capitalism, and on March 12, 1947, he published:

I think it must be an American policy to support free people in their struggle against the armed actions of a few internal people or the conquest of external oppressors. If Greece falls, the whole Middle East will be in chaos. Free people all over the world are eager for our support to defend freedom. If we hesitate, we may endanger world peace? I think we should give our support mainly through financial assistance? In addition, I asked Congress to authorize the sending of American non-military and military personnel to Greece and Turkey ...

In order to get Congress to approve the Marshall Plan, Truman tried his best to turn Congress's attention to * * * productism, pointing out that * * * productism was thriving in backward areas of Europe. Truman later admitted that his remarks exaggerated the threat of * * * production, but argued that it was "to make Congress aware of the existence of the crisis". On the other hand, he signed the National Security Act of 1947 and set up the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency, the US Air Force (independent of the US Army Air Force) and the National Security Conference.

Good governance

After the Democratic Party won the majority in Congress for many years and the Democratic Party continued to be the president, the people began to get bored, so that the * * * and the Party regained the majority in Congress in the mid-term election in 1946. * * * The Republican Party has an increase of 55 seats in the House of Representatives and several seats in the Senate. Truman has always had close cooperation with * * * and party leaders in foreign affairs, but there are great differences between the two parties in domestic affairs. Truman failed to stop tax cuts and cancel price controls, but in "Tahu Tuo?" In the debate on the Hatle Act, he vetoed the bill, but the veto decision was finally overthrown by Congress, resulting in a considerable weakening of trade union power. In 195, due to the outbreak of the Korean War, Truman once again asked Congress to increase taxes.

In the general election in 1948, Truman claimed that he was a member of the Democratic Party and would carry out the tradition of the "New Deal", so he put forward many suggestions in his platform, including advocating the implementation of universal medical insurance and overthrowing the Taft? Hatle Law and a series of radical legislative measures to protect civil rights. These platforms were later classified as "good governance".

However, Truman's "good governance" plan was not generally supported, and only one major bill was passed.

It is confirmed that

Truman supported the Zionist movement as early as 1939, and was involved in planning the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. In 1946, the Anglo-American Commission of Inquiry suggested the gradual establishment of two States in the Palestinian area to prevent Jews or Arabs from gaining a dominant position in the region. However, this proposal was not supported by public opinion, and the British troops stationed in Palestine were frequently attacked by Zionist groups, which made the British government under pressure and contributed to the withdrawal. As a result, at the urging of Britain, a special Committee of the United Nations suggested that Palestine should be divided into two States immediately.