Background of the May Day slogan

1948 In the first half of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, China faced "two fates and two futures": the war of the Kuomintang was a spent force, and Chiang Kai-shek's autocratic rule was about to be overthrown; * * * The Production Party has always advocated and devoted itself to establishing a new political power of a democratic coalition government, which has been put on the agenda with the rapid advancement of the People's Liberation War; A series of tragedies such as "Jiaochangkou Massacre", "Shimonoseki Massacre" and "Wenli Massacre" planned and manufactured by the Kuomintang have made some people in the democratic parties wake up from the dream of the "third way", unite and cooperate with the * * * production party, jointly overthrow the Kuomintang dictatorship and establish an independent, democratic, peaceful and unified new China, which has become the common aspiration of all democratic parties.

1948 domestic situation in the first half of the year

The people's liberation army has been launching offensives on various battlefields and winning successively. In East China, the East China Field Army, led by Tan Zhenlin and Xu, liberated all of Shandong except a few strongholds such as Jinan, Qingdao and Linyi. In northern Shaanxi, the World War I of Yichuan and Wazi Street launched by the Northwest Field Army led by Peng laid the foundation for the liberation of the northwest. On April 22, the Northwest Field Army recovered Yan 'an. In North China, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan field armies led by Nie attacked Baoding and Chasui in the north of Jinzhong respectively, isolated the enemies of Pingtian, Tianjin and Baoding and surrounded Taiyuan. In the northeast, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces led by Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan annihilated more than 6,543,800 people of the New Fifth Army in the winter offensive and liberated Siping. In the Central Plains, the victories of the battles in eastern Henan (Kaifeng, Suixian and Qixian) and Xiangfan led by Chen Yi and Su Yu completely disrupted Chiang Kai-shek's defense system in the Central Plains. On March 23rd, Mao Zedong, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yellow River eastward at the mouth of Wubao River in northern Shaanxi, and soon moved to Xibaipo. The Central Working Committee also participated. 1In March and April of 948, Liu Deng's army marched thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, and the front line advanced from the Yellow River basin to the north bank of the Yangtze River, posing a powerful threat to the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang, and the People's Liberation Army turned to a strategic offensive. In order to cope with this strategic situation, Liu Shaoqi proposed to merge the two liberated areas of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan, and set up a unified leading body to make it a "basic liberated area within the customs". This proposal was immediately endorsed by Mao Zedong, and was soon put into practice. The merger of the two liberated areas connected North China and East China, which greatly changed the changes of the whole war situation and made important preparations for the national political power. Judging from the overall situation of the PLA, after two years of hard fighting, * * * wiped out more than 2.64 million people. The PLA's total strength has increased to more than 2.8 million, including nearly 6.5438+0.6 million regular troops. The People's Liberation Army has not only basically formed a complete system of combining field troops, local troops and guerrillas, but also greatly improved its military and political quality, tactical and technical level and equipment level. At this time, the total strength of the Kuomintang army fell to 3.65 million, including more than 6.5438 regular troops +0.98 million, and more than 6.5438 frontline troops +0.74 million. Although it is still dominant in number, internal factional contradictions are deepening and morale is even lower.

The development of the war of liberation prompted more democratic parties to resolutely oppose the Chiang Kai-shek reactionaries in the United States and work hand in hand with the * * * Production Party. Some patriotic Democrats suggested to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that state organs should be set up as soon as possible to oppose the KMT presidential election. Chen Jiageng, the leader of overseas Chinese in Nanyang, suggested that the liberated areas should urgently establish a coalition government to counter the situation after the Kuomintang pseudo-National Congress. Shen Junru, head of the NLD Central Committee, proposed to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to set up a preparatory body in the liberated areas to form a coalition government, and called on domestic and foreign countries to deny Chiang Kai-shek's pseudo-president. Shen Junru hopes that China * * * will consider whether it is possible for China * * * to electrify the democratic parties and propose to convene a people's congress to form a Coalition government, or for the democratic parties to electrify China * * * to make this proposal. The opinions of Chen Jiageng and Shen Junru undoubtedly represented the opinions of many democratic parties and patriotic Democrats at that time.

These opinions of democratic parties and personages immediately attracted the attention of China leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. 1948 On March 4th, I telephoned the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Revolutionary Committee and the Minister of Organization Department: "I am very pleased to learn that Mr. Xin has arrived in Harbin and is determined to cooperate with the China * * * production party and strive for the great cause of the people's democratic revolution in China. We warmly welcome this action of Mr. Wang and the same actions of other true Sun Yat-sen believers. " On March 6th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China commented that he was willing to "advance hand in hand" with democratic parties such as NLD and the Chinese Revolutionary Committee. On April 27th, please write to Zhang and Fu and invite them, Wu Han and other Democrats to attend the meeting of representatives of democratic parties and people's organizations in the liberated areas to discuss the convening of people's congresses, the establishment of a democratic coalition government and the strengthening of cooperation, programs and policies among democratic parties and people's organizations. The name of this meeting is the Political Consultative Conference, which will be held in Harbin that autumn.