Under what background was the Party Scout Corps established?

As early as 1922, the second year after the founding of the Communist Party of China, a children's league organization was established in the Anyuan mining area on the border of Jiangxi and Hunan. At that time, our party was in its infancy and the labor movement was just emerging. The Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Comrades Li Lisan and Liu Shaoqi to lead the Anyuan workers' movement and launch a strike struggle. The Party attaches great importance to and cares about the growth of the children's generation. While extensively mobilizing the workers, it also pays attention to organizing children and adolescents. The Children's League organization was born during the workers' strike movement in Anyuan. On the eve of the establishment of the Anyuan Workers Club on May Day in 1922, the party organized small miners from the Anyuan coal mine and primary school students from the workers' children's school to establish the Children's League. organize. This is the earliest revolutionary children's organization established by the party. Children's League members helped to stand sentry during the struggle to establish the Workers' Club, covering workers' meetings, writing slogans, making red flags, and participating in the founding meeting of the Workers' Club. They also participated in the Anyuan workers' strike in September, going to the streets to give speeches, perform programs, and publicize the significance of the strike. The young miners directly participated in the strike struggle together with their father and brothers.

With the victory of the strike struggle, school education has also developed. In 1924, the number of schools for workers' children had expanded from 1 to 7, and the number of students increased dramatically. The Labor Boy Scouts (some called the Labor Scouts) was established in the school, which was developed on the basis of the Children's League. Li Lisan, Cai Zenghuai, Jiang Xianyun, and Huang Jingyuan successively served as teachers in children's schools. Huang Jingyuan led thousands of working children to study, work, play, and participate in revolutionary struggles. In October 1925, the Workers' Club was closed by the warlords, Huang Jingyuan was killed, and the Labor Boys were destroyed. It was restored in October 1926. However, less than a year later, as Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution in Shanghai, the Anyuan reactionary authorities once again closed the workers' club, fired a large number of workers, hunted down Communist Party members and worker leaders, and the Labor Boys were once again destroyed. However, the members of the Working Boys League were not depressed because of this. Many of the older ones participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising and went to Jinggang Mountains.

During the Great Revolution from 1924 to 1927, Labor Children’s League organizations were established not only in Anyuan, but also in Shanghai, Wuhan, Tianjin, Tangshan, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Hainan Island and other places. Labor Boy League. At that time, the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang cooperated in the Northern Expedition to overthrow the warlords, overthrow imperialism, and oppose feudalism. While leading the people to carry out revolution, the party also organizes young children so that they can receive education and training in the revolutionary struggle.

The Party entrusted the *** Youth League to lead the work of the Working Children's League. On the basis of the establishment and development of children's league organizations in some places, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League held the third enlarged meeting in July 1926 and made a resolution on children's movements. The resolution pointed out that the purpose and significance of establishing the revolutionary children's organization is to educate children, develop their spirit of brave sacrifice and the habit of group life, and train them to become warriors who will continue to fight in the future. The resolution determined that the targets of children's organizations are: ① child workers in factories and children of workers; ② children of rural farmers; ③ primary school students and poor urban children. The resolution determined the organizational principles and work content of the Children's Revolutionary Organization, and decided to formulate a brochure for the Working Children's League in the short term. Shortly thereafter, the League of Working Children's League was formulated, which stipulates that the purpose of cultivating working children's habits of collective life, the spirit of brave sacrifice, and serving the working class; the red tie as the symbol of league membership; the right hands raised together to the forehead as the league member. etiquette; the slogan of the Labor Boy League is: "Prepare to overthrow imperialism, prepare to overthrow the warlords, and prepare to be the master of the world."

In Shanghai, in May 1925, the bloody Nanjing uprising broke out After the May 30th Massacre on May 30th, the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions was born. Subsequently, the party established working children's leagues in factory areas such as Xiaoshadu Road, Caojiadu, Yangshupu, Yinxiang Port, and Pudong. Working boy league members followed their father and brother in the strike struggle against capitalist exploitation and the demonstrations against imperialism. They were young, courageous, resourceful and brave people. During the struggle, they blocked workers from entering the factory, smashed ounce watches to demonstrate to foreign factory owners, used games and games to detect the enemy's situation, delivered letters to the Federation of Trade Unions, and distributed leaflets from the rooftops of the four major companies on Nanjing Road. , some members of the children's league were imprisoned in the imperialist police patrol room, but they were able to cleverly deceive the enemy and escape.

Some labor union organizations also launched strikes with child workers as the main body in factories, and achieved victory against capitalists' extension of working hours, beating and scolding of child workers, and arbitrary dismissal of child workers. In July 1926, the Northern Expedition began. In order to cooperate with the successful march of the Northern Expedition, starting from October 1926, the Shanghai working class launched three consecutive armed uprisings under the leadership of the Party. In March 1927, during the third armed uprising led by Comrade Zhou Enlai, 4,000 working boy league members cooperated with workers' pickets to move around, posting slogans, distributing leaflets, organizing propaganda teams, expanding political propaganda, and also responsible for transportation, detective work , transportation liaison and other work. Some even followed the workers' pickets and charged bravely, disarming the police. Three armed uprisings by workers in Shanghai were successful, and the indelible achievements of the Working Boys’ League were also made here.

After the May 30th Massacre, the provincial and Hong Kong general strike that shocked the world broke out on June 19. The Guangdong Labor Boys League was born during the provincial and Hong Kong general strike movement. At that time, Deng Zhongxia, secretary of the Provincial and Hong Kong Strike Committee, Su Zhaozheng, chairman of the Provincial and Hong Kong Strike Committee, and Yang Shanji, secretary of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Youth League, decided to organize the children of workers and peasants to form a working children's league. On November 7, 1925, the October Revolution Day, Guangzhou City first established the Working Children's League. Chen Yannian, secretary of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, put on the first red scarf for Long Yenai (Long Yezhi), a member of the children's league. Each trade union under the strike committee has established a labor children's league. Subsequently, with the promotion of the Guangdong Farmers Association, working boy groups were also established in rural areas of Chaoshan, Nanhai, and Hailufeng counties. At that time, there were more than 40,000 working boy league members in Guangdong Province.

In September 1926, the Provincial and Hong Kong Labor Boys' League Federation was established, and an executive committee was elected to lead the boys' league in carrying out activities.

The lives of the children's league members are very active. They go out for exercises in the morning, participate in physical exercises, read, sing, act and play games in the children's school; after school, they go to the streets to promote the Communist Party and the Communist Youth League. The regiment's official newspapers include "Guide", "People's Weekly", "China Youth", "Young Pioneers", etc. On every holiday and revolutionary anniversary, members of the Working Children's League line up to participate in demonstrations, help the workers' pickets maintain order, sell flowers, donate money, and support the strike struggle. Hai Lufeng was the most prominent laboring children's league in rural areas. In February 1927, the first congress of the Chaomei Hailufeng laboring children's league was held in Shantou. There were 200 delegates present, representing more than 20,000 children's league members. Comrade Peng Pai attended the conference and delivered a speech. The Congress issued a declaration and passed resolutions on improving the lives of child laborers, resolutions on reading issues, entertainment issues, etc.

The Working Children's League organization was born in the workers' movement and developed and expanded in the triumphant songs of the Northern Expedition. The National Revolutionary Army pledged to fight for the Northern Expedition, and the Labor Boy Corps actively carried out publicity and fundraising activities to support the Northern Expedition.

The Northern Expeditionary Army marched northward and occupied Wuchang, Hubei Province in October 1926. As a result, Wuhan became the center of the national revolution. The labor movement in the three towns of Wuhan flourished, and the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions was established. In November, under the leadership of the party and the trade union, labor children's leagues were established in three towns in Wuhan and counties and cities such as Daye and Luotian. On February 16, 1927, the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions Labor Boys League Headquarters was established, with the general captain Cao Ce. Each industrial union below the headquarters has established a brigade. The brigade is divided into divisions, detachments and squads.

As soon as the Boys’ League was established, it actively participated in the revolutionary struggle. On January 3, 1927, the Children's League participated in the anti-British demonstration meeting of 400,000 people and the struggle to take back the British concession. They stood guard and maintained order, playing a great role. They faced the British imperialist warships and cannons without fear, showing the heroic spirit of the younger generation. In May 1927, the Northern Expeditionary Army marched to the front line in Henan, and Xia Douyin took the opportunity to rebel. There are only 3,000 workers' pickets in Wuhan to maintain order, which is very insufficient. At this critical moment, the 10,000-member Youth League mobilized to assist the workers' pickets, standing guard day and night in the streets and alleys of Wuhan's three towns, and captured many counterrevolutionaries. At the same time, more than 5,000 wounded people were transported back from the front line in Henan, and the children's league members took on the task of caring for the wounded. They collected condolences and gave them to the wounded, washed their wounds, changed dressings, fed water and food, and endured hardships and hard work. Earnest, welcomed and praised by the wounded.

The Wuhan Children's League also actively participated in the workers' strike struggle and won the victory of the 8-hour work system: outside of the 8 hours, factory owners, store owners or managers are not allowed to restrict the actions of child workers and apprentices. They have joined a trade union and the freedom to participate in children's league activities. Child workers have half a day off every week to participate in children's league training; shop owners or factory owners should pay child workers and apprentices wages according to their abilities. The store owner should also bear the cost of clothing for the children's group, which should not be less than 6 yuan per person per year. The child laborers and apprentices who had been oppressed and bullied for a long time were happy and proud.

During the climax of the Great Revolution, the Wuhan Boys’ League organization developed greatly. In addition to the working boy’s league, there were also student boy’s league, market boy’s league and rural boy’s league in the three towns of Wuhan, with a total of 50,000 people.

In Hunan, driven by millions of members of the Agricultural Association, organizations of working boy leagues have been widely established in many counties and cities such as Hengyang, Hengshan, Xiangtan, Liling, Liuyang, Pingjiang, Changsha, Changde, and Yiyang. . They were active in the booming peasant movement, standing guard to maintain order; they banned smoking and gambling, eradicated superstition, and fought against local tyrants and evil gentry with the support of the peasant association. The Pingjiang County Children's League and the Young Pioneers carried out an initiative to "eat the rich". They went to the rich tycoon's home to open a warehouse to sell rice, kill pigs to cook, and had a big meal. During the struggle, they learned about the rich gentry's warehouses full of white rice and flour. They were all plundered from the blood and sweat of the peasants, so they devoted themselves more actively to the struggle. The action of "eating the rich" seems to have the childishness and recklessness of a child, but it has greatly destroyed the prestige of the local tyrants and evil gentry and boosted the ambition of the poor farmers. Members of the Children's League in Changsha City once helped a little girl to save herself from the suffering of heavy labor and fisting, and return home to reunite with her relatives. This feat of the Children's League members spread throughout Changsha City, expanding the influence of the Children's League. They also organized scissor teams and sedan-chair-beating teams to cut off the robes of the local tyrants and evil gentry and knock down their sedan chairs, thereby destroying the prestige of the local tyrants and evil gentry.

On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution and started a massacre in Shanghai. A large number of working boy League members, like Communist Party members and Communist Youth League members, were forced to go underground to carry out secret struggles. . Then, the "Ma-Ri Incident" occurred in Changsha. On May 21, Xu Kexiang suddenly besieged the Federation of Trade Unions and the Provincial Agricultural Cooperatives, searched for Communist Party members and revolutionary masses, and killed them all night long. It is difficult to count the number of victims. In Wuhan, Wang Jingwei then rebelled against the revolution on July 15. The Labor Boys' League was forced to disband, and the boys' clubs and the guns of the workers' pickets were confiscated at the same time. On April 15, the Guangdong warlords also responded to the "April 12" and created white terror. The Working Boy Group went underground and served as the party's traffic officers, responsible for connecting Guangzhou with the countryside; delivering propaganda materials; transporting weapons to continue the struggle. Children's League members Luo Zhiqun and Deng Jindi were unfortunately arrested while distributing leaflets. They were tortured and would rather die than surrender. On the way to their martyrdom, they loudly announced to the masses that communism must win and the reactionaries must be defeated. At the execution ground, he continued to speak loudly in front of a large crowd. The reactionary military and police fired wildly. They fell down and stood up again, shouting: "Down with Chiang Kai-shek!" "Down with the reactionaries!" "Long live the Communist Party of China!" and died heroically. They are the glorious representatives of the first generation of red scarves. China's children's revolutionary organization was born in the flames of struggle and marches forward against the storm of the times!