Brief introduction of cold food festival

The Cold Food Festival is two days before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. In the past, ordinary people did not use fire on this day and ate cold food. So, how much do you know about the Cold Food Festival? The following is a brief introduction to the Cold Food Festival that I have compiled for you. Welcome to reading.

catalogue

Brief introduction of cold food festival

The custom of cold food festival

The origin of the Cold Food Festival

Brief introduction of cold food festival

The Cold Food Festival, also known as "No-smoking Festival", "Cold Food Festival" and "Hundred Five Days Festival", is one hundred and five days after the summer calendar and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. In the development of later generations, the customs of sweeping, hiking, swinging, cuju, pulling hooks and breaking eggs were gradually increased. The Cold Food Festival lasted for more than 2,000 years and was once called the largest folk festival.

The poem "Cold Food Festival" by Lv Xiang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, tells the origin of the Cold Food Festival, "Pushing Mianshan and Burning Me". According to legend, this custom originated from the promotion of the introduction of the Jin State when it commemorates the Spring and Autumn Period (surname introduction promotion, also known as introduction promotion, is a function word, and the son is a respectful name). At that time, Jie Zhitui and Jin Wengong Zhong Er were exiled to other countries, and they cut meat for Wen Gong to satisfy their hunger. After Wen Gong restored the country, he refused to make a profit and retired from Mianshan with his mother. Duke Wen burned the mountain for it, refused to go out of the mountain, and clung to the tree. Duke Wen buried the body in Mianshan, built a temple, and ordered him to ban fire and cold on the day of his death to mourn, which later became a custom.

The specific date of the Cold Food Festival is after the winter solstice 105. At present, the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day is the day to celebrate the Cold Food Festival in most parts of Shanxi. Some places, such as Yushe County, celebrated the Cold Food Festival two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Yuanqu County also pays attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before, and the light cold food the day before.

In the past, the Spring Festival in China was held at the Cold Food Festival, until it was later changed to Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, the Korean side still retains the tradition of holding the Spring Festival at the Cold Food Festival.

Mianshan Mountain in Jiexiu, Shanxi is known as "the hometown of cold food and Qingming culture in China", and a grand sacrifice ceremony of cold food and Qingming is held every year.

& gt& gt& gt

The custom of cold food festival

1, No Smoking and Cold Food: Cold Food Festival was also called "No Smoking Festival" in ancient times. Every family is forbidden to make a fire and eat cold food. However, due to the persistent pursuit of sages by Chinese people, it was repeatedly banned from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it was recognized and participated by the royal family.

2. ancestor worship: the cold food festival was regarded as a "wild sacrifice" from the southern and northern dynasties to the Tang dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was included in Volume 87 of "Opening Ethan", which was worshipped by princes (cold food worship) and became one of the auspicious gifts officially recognized and advocated. Later, it evolved into a royal mausoleum; Official sacrifices to Confucius Temple and sages; People go to sweep graves and so on. At that time, a family or a clan went to the ancestral grave to offer sacrifices, add soil and hang paper money, then sprinkled swallows and snakes and rabbits on the top of the grave, rolled them down, put them on with willow branches or needles, and put them high in the room to show their ancestors' virtue.

3, cold food diet: cold food includes cold porridge, cold noodles, cold food pulp, green rice, glutinous rice; Cold food offerings include noodles, snakes and rabbits, jujube cakes, refined rye, immortals, etc. There are dozens of drinks, such as spring wine, fresh tea, clear spring and sweet water. Most of them have profound implications, such as offering sacrifices to snakes and rabbits, which means that "snakes and rabbits will be rich", meaning that people are expected to be rich and the country is strong; Zituiyan, take the word "nian" in Jiexiu dialect, and don't forget to introduce and promote honesty.

4. Cold food willow: the symbol of vitamin cold food festival, originally intended to miss Jie Zhitui's pursuit of political clarity. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was a record in the Chronicle of Jingchu that "every family broke willow during the cold food between Jianghuai and Suzhou", and it is still popular to wear mustard flowers and wheat leaves instead of willow branches in Anhui, Suzhou and other places. According to historical records in various places, there are some sayings, such as "willow branches are inserted into graves", "willow branches are folded into households", "willow branches are inserted into the eaves of sleeping stoves", "wearing a head or a tie", "offering Buddha gods in bottles" and "willow branches are inserted into doors", so there is a saying among the people that "Qingming (cold food) does not wear willow, and the beauty becomes bald".

Cold food outing: also known as spring outing, Sheng Xing in Tang and Song Dynasties. Song Lizhi's words "What I saw in the East Valley" say: "I swept things, and then I went home happily with my brother, wife, relatives and deeds." In the Ming Dynasty, a brief introduction to the scenery of emperors recorded the scene of walking in Beijing: "During the Qingming Festival, people were walking, and there were thousands of tourists, passengers and pedestrians." Can be said to be extremely prosperous.

6. Cold food swing: The swing was originally a palace women's amusement project of the ancient cold food festival. Wang Renyu's "Kaiyuan Tianbao Legacy" in the Five Dynasties recorded that "the Tianbao Palace Mid-solstice Cold Food Festival actually erected a swing, which made the wives and concubines in the palace laugh and thought it was a feast. The emperor called it a semi-fairy play, so the scholars in the capital called it ".In the poem" Cold Food Day Crossing Longmen "by Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, it was described as" the willow on the bridge hangs a line, and Lin Liqiu hangs a thousand colorful ropes. "

7, cold food Cuju: popular in the Tang Dynasty, Song's "Literature General Examination" contains: "Cuju, Gai began in the Tang Dynasty. Plant two bamboos, several feet high, and wrap the net on the net to measure the ball for the door. The ball is divided into friends and friends, and the game is divided into corners. " History: Tang Dezong, Xian Zong, Mu Zong and Jing Zong all like to play cuju, and Yuan Gui, the state capital, wrote: "In the twelfth year of Zhenyuan, Tang Dezong, the Cold Food Festival was held in February, and the Imperial Palace East Pavilion was used to watch Wu Dachen and Wu's children, and a banquet was held for the ministers to be slaughtered." In the Song Dynasty, there was "Taizu Cuju Map".

8. Poems of Cold Food Festival: During the Cold Food Festival, the literati homesick for their relatives, or made love through the scenery, with many feelings, sudden inspiration, great poetry and many chanters. According to the survey, The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty alone contains more than 300 poems by famous people such as Tang Xuanzong, Zhang Shuo, Du Fu, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, and more than 100 poems in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, making it a wonderful work in Chinese poetry art. In addition, during the Cold Food Festival, there are many activities, such as banquets, flower viewing, cockfighting, egg carving, tug-of-war, drilling wood for fire, flying kites, shooting herbs, throwing pottery and so on, which greatly enriched the social life in ancient China.

& gt& gt& gt

The origin of the Cold Food Festival

The source of the Cold Food Festival should be the fire worship of the ancients. The ancients could not live without fire, but fire often brought great disasters to mankind, so the ancients thought that fire had gods and should be worshipped. The fire offered by each family must be extinguished once a year. Then rekindle a new fire, which is called changing the fire. When changing the fire, a grand ancestor worship activity should be held, and the symbol of millet, the god of cereal, should be burned, which is called human sacrifice. After the custom was passed down, it formed the later No Fire Festival.

After the fire ban, it became a cold food festival to commemorate the famous minister of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that during Jin Wengong's exile, meson tui once cut shares to satisfy his hunger. When Jin Wengong returned to China as a monarch, he forgot to recommend him when he was enfeoffed. Jiezitui didn't want to boast about his achievements and compete for favor, so he took his mother to live in seclusion in Mianshan. Later, Jin Wengong personally went to Mianshan to find Jiezitui, who didn't want to be an official and hid in the mountains. Wen Gong's people released Yamakaji. The intention is to force mesons to show their faces. As a result, meson pushed his mother and was burned to death under a big tree. In order to commemorate this loyal minister and righteous man, on the day when he retired, he did not cook with a fire and ate cold food, which was called Cold Food Festival.

When the Cold Food Festival was held in the Han Dynasty, Shanxi folk associations banned fire for one month to commemorate it. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, ordered the cancellation of this custom. There is a saying in Yin Penalty Order, "It is said that in Taiyuan, Shangdang and Yanmen, it is forbidden to eat cold food within 150 days after winter, and the cloud pushes it as a child" and "no one is allowed to eat cold food. Otherwise, the parents will be sentenced to half a year's imprisonment, and the chief officer will be sentenced to 100 days, and he will get a salary in January. " After the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, because they were homophonic with Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, they paid special attention to their stories in Jin, and the custom of banning fire and cold food in memory of meson push resumed. But the time was shortened to three days. At the same time, the idea of commemorating mesons at the Cold Food Festival was spread all over the country. The Cold Food Festival has become a national festival, and the prohibition of fire and cold food during the Cold Food Festival has also become a constant custom of the Han nationality.

The origin of the Cold Food Festival is Mianshan, Jiexiu, Shanxi, with a history of 2640 years (358 years earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival). According to the definition of "Cold Food Festival" in Ci Yuan and Ci Hai, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jie Zhitui went through hardships, assisted Zhong Er, the son of Jin Dynasty, to restore the country and lived in seclusion in Mianshan, Jiexiu. Burning the mountain forced him out, but Zitui and his mother disappeared and burned us. In order to mourn him, Jin Wengong ordered that fire and cold food should be banned on the anniversary of his death (after the winter of November 150), thus forming a cold food festival. The Cold Food Festival originated from the record of the burning of Mianshan in Jiexiu, which was first seen in Huan Tan's new volume Xi Li Xi Shi, and then in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, the Biography of Zhou Ju, the Criminal Order of Cao Caoming, the Book of Jin, the Biography of Xerox, and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Mirror Fen. In history, the Cold Food Festival and the Qingming Festival are similar, and over time, they merged into one festival. "Tang Yao Hui Volume 82 Vacation" clearly records: "(Kaiyuan) February 11: Cold food is bright, and the fourth day is a holiday. February 15th, 13th year of Dali: From now on, the cold food will be clear and there will be a five-day holiday. To March 9, the sixth year of Zhenyuan: the cold food is clear, and it is appropriate to celebrate the Yuan Day, and it will be given for three days before and after. " Therefore, "The Grand View of China Traditional Culture" contains: "Roughly in the Tang Dynasty, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day became one."

Legend has it that it was very early, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period. It may be a night of thunder and lightning, or it may be suddenly cloudy during the day, but it must be a natural sight. Because Jin Xiangong is dead, at least he is an overlord, and he will not leave quietly. He didn't take away a cloud, it must have been moved by heaven and earth. It's a pity that history didn't say how heaven and earth fought, but only recorded the civil strife in the State of Jin, when scholars competed for the throne, and Zhong Er, his son, was driven out of the State of Jin and took refuge outside. Jietui, the leader of Pioneer Camp, followed Zhong Er's loyalty and went into exile 19 years. In the most difficult situation, Zhong Er was exiled to Weiguo, but he could not starve. All the ministers picked wild vegetables to cook, but Zhong Er couldn't eat them. Jiexiu, a loyal minister, sneaked into the ravine, cut off a piece of meat from his leg and cooked it with wild vegetables for Zhong Er. Zhong Er took it and wolfed it down. This just asked where the broth came from. The minister next to him told him that Zitui had been cut off from his thigh, and Zhong Er was moved to tears.

& gt& gt& gt

Introduction to the Cold Food Festival;

★ Introduction to the Origin of Cold Food Festival

★ Introduction to the Origin of Cold Food Festival

★ Introduction to the origin and origin of the Cold Food Festival

★ Introduction to the origin and customs of the Cold Food Festival

★ Introduction of Cold Food Festival

★ Legend about the origin of the Cold Food Festival

★ The origin and customs of the Cold Food Festival

★ The origin of the Cold Food Festival

★ The origin and customs of the Cold Food Festival

var _ HMT = _ HMT | |[]； (function(){ var hm = document . createelement(" script ")； hm.src = "/hm.js？ 1 fc3c 5445 c 1 ba 79 CFC 8 B2 d 8 178 C3 C5 DD "； var s = document . getelementsbytagname(" script ")[0]； s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm，s)； })();