How to get to the underground of Guangzhou subway

How to get through the underground of Guangzhou Metro is divided into the following steps:

The hand-painted book "How the Subway was Built" comes from @ Yangjiaojun's year-end mito feast! Thanks to Guangzhou Metro and experts, for the children, adults and enthusiasts, use simple and popular pictures and texts to unveil the mystery of the subway! !

The hand-painted book "How the Subway was Built" comes from @ Yangjiaojun's year-end mito feast! Thanks to Guangzhou Metro and experts, for the children, adults and enthusiasts, use simple and popular pictures and texts to unveil the mystery of the subway! !

More and more people choose the subway to travel green.

While enjoying the convenience brought by rail transit.

I think many friends want to know.

How was it built?

You can fly underground, or even fly over a viaduct.

The construction of the subway must be a very huge project.

First, the birth of the subway

/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, there was a serious traffic jam in London, England. Lawyer Charles Pearson thinks about how to get the train into town because it runs very fast. Once, Charles saw a mouse running around the mouse hole in the corner. He put forward a brilliant idea: let the train run underground! 1863, this "fantastic idea" came true-the world's first subway was born in London! Subsequently, major cities around the world built subways in succession. This kind of fast, no traffic jam, environmental protection and comfortable means of transportation is deeply loved by everyone.

So, how was the subway built?

Building a subway is not a simple matter! Subway is a high-density, super-large and comprehensive rail transit system, involving more than 40 technical majors, which will take several years to build.

Before building a subway, engineers must first plan the train route. Subway lines extend in all directions like cobwebs, which is the so-called subway line network.

Subway network planning is based on the urban development strategy, overall planning and land use planning, according to passenger flow prediction and analysis, fully considering the relationship between traffic and urban development, and choosing a layout that is convenient for citizens to travel and can adapt to urban sustainable development.

Second, the geological structure and general situation

Because subways are generally built underground, it is necessary to fully understand the underground world. Underground is generally composed of very complex rocks and soil.

But we don't have a perspective, how can we find out what is happening underground? At this time, it is necessary to rely on engineering geological exploration.

Drilling sampling exploration

Drill deep holes under the surface with geological drilling rig, and then take out rock samples from the surface with hollow drill for sampling and analysis. Generally, the drilling spacing is tens of meters. When encountering complex geology such as underground caves and boulders, the drilling spacing is reduced to several meters.

electrical prospecting

According to the difference of electrical properties of various kinds of rock and soil, the geological situation is analyzed.

Magnetic exploration

By observing and analyzing the magnetic anomalies caused by the magnetic differences between rocks and soil, geological research is carried out.

Acoustic exploration

By transmitting sound waves between two holes, geological analysis is carried out according to the sound waves reflected from different rock-soil interfaces.

Drilling sampling exploration

Drill deep holes under the surface with geological drilling rig, and then take out rock samples from the surface with hollow drill for sampling and analysis. Generally, the drilling spacing is tens of meters. When encountering complex geology such as underground caves and boulders, the drilling spacing is reduced to several meters.

electrical prospecting

According to the difference of electrical properties of various kinds of rock and soil, the geological situation is analyzed.

Magnetic exploration

By observing and analyzing the magnetic anomalies caused by the magnetic differences between rocks and soil, geological research is carried out.

Acoustic exploration

By transmitting sound waves between two holes, geological analysis is carried out according to the sound waves reflected from different rock-soil interfaces.

Third, the determination of subway stations.

The route of the train has been determined, so where will the subway station be built?

According to urban planning, subway stations are generally built in major passenger distribution centers such as residential areas and commercial areas to facilitate citizens' travel. At the same time, land use, convenient transfer with other modes of transportation, surrounding environmental conditions and other factors are considered.

Fourth, the construction of digging cover.

Before the official start of construction, the site that meets the construction needs should be prepared. Subway stations are generally excavated from the ground from top to bottom, which is a safe and economical open-cut cover-and-dig construction.

Before excavation, the buildings, greening and pipelines that affect the construction should be treated, and temporary roads should be added to reduce the impact on traffic during subway construction.

First, the green migration

The green plants in the construction area need to be moved and restored after the construction is completed.

B, traffic relief

In order to ensure the smooth traffic, the original roads are widened or diverted to form new roads to ensure the normal traffic of vehicles and pedestrians. Road repair will be carried out after the construction is completed.

C, house demolition

In order to ensure the safety of the construction and surrounding areas, it is necessary to protect or dismantle the buildings within the influence of the project construction.

D, pipeline relocation

There are complex pipelines buried underground in cities, such as electric power, communication, gas and tap water pipelines, which need to be protected or moved before construction.

First, the green migration

The green plants in the construction area need to be moved and restored after the construction is completed.

B, traffic relief

In order to ensure the smooth traffic, the original roads are widened or diverted to form new roads to ensure the normal traffic of vehicles and pedestrians. Road repair will be carried out after the construction is completed.

C, house demolition

In order to ensure the safety of the construction and surrounding areas, it is necessary to protect or dismantle the buildings within the influence of the project construction.

D, pipeline relocation

There are complex pipelines buried underground in cities, such as electric power, communication, gas and tap water pipelines, which need to be protected or moved before construction.

With the construction site, we have introduced many machines and are ready for construction! First of all, the "shell" of the subway station, such as the underground continuous wall, should be made well to protect the safety of the foundation pit and its surroundings.

Step 1, slotting

Use grooving equipment to form deep grooves around the foundation pit.

Step 2, hoisting the reinforcing cage.

Insert the reinforcement into the reinforcement cage matching the shape of the deep groove, and then hoist it into the deep groove with a crane.

Step three, pouring concrete.

Concrete is poured in the groove where the reinforcing cage is suspended, and a section of reinforced concrete wall is built.

Step 4, forming a closed underground continuous wall.

Connect each reinforced concrete wall to form a protective wall around the foundation pit to prevent the foundation pit from collapsing and protect the surrounding safety.

Step 1, slotting

Use grooving equipment to form deep grooves around the foundation pit.

Step 2, hoisting the reinforcing cage.

Insert the reinforcement into the reinforcement cage matching the shape of the deep groove, and then hoist it into the deep groove with a crane.

Step three, pouring concrete.

Concrete is poured in the groove where the reinforcing cage is suspended, and a section of reinforced concrete wall is built.

Step 4, forming a closed underground continuous wall.

Connect each reinforced concrete wall to form a protective wall around the foundation pit to prevent the foundation pit from collapsing and protect the surrounding safety.

After the completion of the continuous wall, it began to support while excavating, forming a huge square pit. It is in this pit that we built the subway station.

Step 5, excavation of foundation pit.

Earthwork excavation is carried out in the space surrounded by the protective wall, and the shape of the foundation pit is like a rectangular box.

Step 6, build a supporting beam.

Every time we dig to a certain depth, we should erect a supporting beam between the two sides of the diaphragm wall to protect the safety of the foundation pit.

Step 7, waterproof construction at the bottom of the foundation pit.

Laying waterproofing membrane at the bottom of foundation pit.

Step 8: Tie the steel mesh.

Tie the steel mesh of the main structure of the station.

Step 5, excavation of foundation pit.

Earthwork excavation is carried out in the space surrounded by the protective wall, and the shape of the foundation pit is like a rectangular box.

Step 6, build a supporting beam.

Every time we dig to a certain depth, we should erect a supporting beam between the two sides of the diaphragm wall to protect the safety of the foundation pit.

Step 7, waterproof construction at the bottom of the foundation pit.

Laying waterproofing membrane at the bottom of foundation pit.