Why to implement zero growth in fertilizer use?

In order to implement the spirit of the Central Rural Work Conference, the Central Document 1 and the National Agricultural Work Conference, we will vigorously promote the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increase efficiency, and actively explore the road of modern agricultural development with high output, product safety, resource conservation and environmental friendliness. The Ministry of Agriculture has formulated the Action Plan for Zero Growth of Fertilizer Use in 2020 and the Action Plan for Zero Growth of Pesticide Use in 2020, which are hereby printed and distributed to you. Please combine the local conditions, refine the implementation plan, increase the intensity of work, strengthen the implementation of responsibilities, and vigorously and orderly promote to ensure effective results.

Ministry of Agriculture

20 15 February

Action plan for zero growth of fertilizer use by 2020

Chemical fertilizer is an important agricultural means of production and the "grain" of grain. Chemical fertilizer has played an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of grain and agricultural production, but there are also problems such as excessive and blind application of chemical fertilizer, which has brought about increased costs and environmental pollution. It is urgent to improve fertilization methods, increase fertilizer utilization rate, reduce unreasonable input, ensure the effective supply of major agricultural products such as grain, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. To this end, the Ministry of Agriculture has formulated an action plan for zero growth of fertilizer use in 2020.

I. Current situation and situation

(1) Present situation of fertilizer application. China is a big producer and user of chemical fertilizers. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 20 13 years, the output of chemical fertilizer was 70.37 million tons (calculated in pure quantity, the same below), and the application amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer was 591200,000 tons. According to experts' analysis, the basic fertility of cultivated land in China is low, and the contribution of chemical fertilizer application to grain production is relatively large, generally above 40%. At present, there are four problems in the application of chemical fertilizers in China: First, the average application amount per mu is high. The average amount of chemical fertilizer per mu of crops in China is 2 1.9 kg, which is much higher than the world average (8 kg per mu), 2.6 times that of the United States and 2.5 times that of the European Union. Second, the imbalance of fertilization is prominent. The amount of fertilization in the eastern economically developed areas, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the suburbs of cities is relatively high, and the economic horticultural crops with high added value such as vegetables and fruit trees are often over-fertilized. Third, the utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources is low. At present, the total nutrients of organic fertilizer resources in China are about 70 million tons, and the actual utilization rate is less than 40%. Among them, the nutrient return rate of livestock manure is about 50%, and the nutrient return rate of crop straw is about 35%. Fourth, the fertilization structure is unbalanced. The problems of heavy chemical fertilizer, light organic fertilizer, heavy macro-element fertilizer, light trace element fertilizer, heavy nitrogen fertilizer and light phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are outstanding. Traditional artificial fertilization still dominates, and the phenomenon of chemical fertilizer spreading and surface application is more common, and mechanical fertilization only accounts for about 30% of the main crop planting area.

(2) the situation faced. Unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer is related to the pressure of increasing grain production, low basic fertility of cultivated land, high intensity of cultivated land utilization and small production scale of farmers. It is also related to the separation of fertilizer production and management from agricultural demand, unreasonable variety structure of fertilizer, backward fertilization technology and imperfect fertilizer management system. Excessive fertilization, blind fertilization not only increases agricultural production costs and wastes resources, but also causes hardening of cultivated land and soil acidification. Implementing the action of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers is an important measure to promote the "transformation mode and structural adjustment" of agriculture, and it is also a realistic need to promote cost saving and efficiency improvement, energy saving and emission reduction, which is of great significance to ensuring national food security, agricultural product quality safety and agricultural ecological security.

(3) Feasibility of implementation. From the experience of foreign countries, some developed countries, such as the European Union, North America, Asia, and the Middle East, showed a trend of rapid growth, steady decline, or a peak value and then a continuous decline, and gradually embarked on a sustainable development path of losing weight and increasing efficiency, high yield and high efficiency. According to the actual situation in China, the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer of the three major grain crops reached 33%, 24% and 42%, respectively, which were 5 12 and 10 percentage points higher than those before the implementation of the project (2005). While the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is increasing, the increase of chemical fertilizer consumption is decreasing. In 20 13, the national fertilizer consumption increased by 1.3%, which was 1 and 1.5 percentage points lower than that in 20 12 and 2005 respectively. If scientific fertilization measures are put in place, the quality level of cultivated land will continue to improve and the utilization rate of fertilizer will gradually increase, and the goal of zero growth in fertilizer use by 2020 can be achieved.

Second, the overall thinking, basic principles and objectives and tasks

(A) the overall thinking

With the goal of ensuring national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products, firmly establish the concept of "increasing production and fertilization, economic fertilization and environmental protection fertilization", rely on scientific and technological progress, rely on new business entities and specialized agrochemical service organizations, focus on integrated implementation, accelerate the transformation of fertilization methods, further promote scientific fertilization, vigorously protect and improve the quality of cultivated land, improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizer resources, reduce unreasonable fertilizer input, strengthen publicity and training and fertilizer use management, and achieve high yield, high quality and environmental protection.

(2) Basic principles

The first is to ensure production, reduce costs and increase efficiency. While reducing the unreasonable input of fertilizer, we should improve the utilization rate of fertilizer by changing the utilization mode of fertilizer, so as to ensure the stable increase of grain production, the continuous increase of farmers' income and the sustainable development of agriculture.

The second is to adjust measures to local conditions and step by step. According to the actual production and fertilization needs of different regions and crops, we will strengthen classified guidance, formulate fertilizer control objectives and tasks in stages, regions and crops, and steadily promote the implementation of various measures.

The third is to make overall plans and comprehensive policies. It is necessary to make overall consideration of production factors such as soil, fertilizer, water species and farming system, and comprehensively apply administrative, economic, technical and legal means to effectively promote scientific fertilization in accordance with the requirements of combining agricultural machinery with agronomy.

Fourth, government-led, multi-party participation. Adhere to the government leading, farmers as the main body, enterprises as the main body, social participation, innovative implementation methods, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of promotion, scientific research, teaching, enterprises and farmers, and build a long-term mechanism of joint management.

(iii) Objectives and tasks

By 2020, a scientific fertilization management and technical system will be initially established, and the level of scientific fertilization will be significantly improved. From 20 15 to 20 19, gradually control the annual growth rate of fertilizer use within 1%; Strive to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers for major crops by 2020.

First, the fertilization structure was further optimized. By 2020, the nutritional structure of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements tends to be reasonable, and organic fertilizer resources will be rationally utilized. The coverage rate of soil testing and formula fertilization technology is over 90%; The nutrient return rate of livestock manure reached 60%, an increase of 10 percentage point; The nutrient return rate of crop straw reached 60%, an increase of 25 percentage points.

Second, fertilization methods have been further improved. By 2020, blind fertilization and excessive fertilization phenomenon will be basically curbed, and traditional fertilization methods will be changed. Mechanical fertilization accounts for more than 40% of the planting area of main crops, increasing by 10 percentage point; The extension area of water and fertilizer integration technology is 65.438+0.5 billion mu, an increase of 80 million mu.

Third, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers has steadily increased. From 20 15, the fertilizer utilization rate of main crops will increase by more than 1 percentage point every year on average, and strive to reach more than 40% by 2020.

Third, the technical path and regional focus.

(A) the technical path

One is precision, that is, promoting precision fertilization. According to the soil conditions, crop yield potential and comprehensive nutrient management requirements in different regions, the fertilization limit standards for each region and crop unit area should be formulated reasonably to reduce blind fertilization behavior.

The second is adjustment, that is, adjustment of fertilizer structure. Optimize the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and promote the coordination between large elements and medium and trace elements. Adapt to the needs of modern agricultural development, guide the optimization and upgrading of fertilizer products, and vigorously promote efficient new fertilizers.

The third is to change, that is, improve the fertilization method. Vigorously promote soil testing and formula fertilization to improve farmers' awareness and skills of scientific fertilization. Develop and popularize suitable fertilization equipment, and change surface application into mechanical deep application, water and fertilizer integration and foliar spraying.

The fourth is substitution, that is, organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer. Through the rational utilization of organic nutrient resources, organic fertilizer is used to replace part of chemical fertilizer to realize the combination of organic and inorganic. Improve the basic fertility of cultivated land and replace the nutrient input of foreign fertilizers with the intrinsic nutrients of cultivated land.

(2) Regional priorities

Northeast China. Fertilization principle: control nitrogen, reduce phosphorus, stabilize potassium, and supplement microelement fertilizers such as zinc, boron, iron and molybdenum. The main measures: combining subsoiling with conservation tillage, increasing the degree of straw returning to Tian Li and applying more organic fertilizer; Reasonable rotation of soybean and corn in suitable areas, and popularization of rhizobia in soybean, peanut and other crops; Popularize the deep application technology of chemical fertilizer machinery, timely and appropriate topdressing; Popularization of high-efficiency slow-release fertilizer and water-fertilizer integration technology for maize in arid areas.

Huang-Huai-Hai area. Fertilization principle: reduce nitrogen, control phosphorus, stabilize potassium, and supplement trace elements such as sulfur, zinc, iron, manganese and boron. Main measures: deep ploughing conservation tillage regularly, returning wheat and corn stalks to the field, popularizing formula fertilizer, increasing application of organic fertilizer, popularizing synchronous sowing of corn seed fertilizer, mechanized topdressing of cotton, paying attention to the coupling of wheat water and fertilizer, popularizing nitrogen fertilizer backward movement and "one spraying and three prevention" technology; Vegetables and fruit trees pay attention to the coordination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and effectively control the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; In protected agriculture, straw and conditioner are used to improve salinized soil and promote the integration technology of water and fertilizer; Use conditioners such as lime to improve acidified soil and develop green manure in orchards.

Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Fertilization principle: reduce nitrogen, control phosphorus, stabilize potassium, and apply trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron together. Main measures: popularizing straw returning technology, popularizing formula fertilizer, increasing application of organic fertilizer, restoring the development of green manure in winter fallow fields, and popularizing green manure in orchards and tea gardens; Alkaline conditioners such as calcium magnesium phosphate, lime and calcium silicate are used to improve acidified soil, and the integrated technology of water and fertilizer for efficient and economical horticultural crops is popularized.

South of China. Fertilization principle: reduce nitrogen, stabilize phosphorus and potassium, and apply trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron together. Main measures: popularizing straw returning technology, popularizing formula fertilizer and increasing organic fertilizer, which is suitable for regional recovery and development of green manure planting in winter fallow fields; Pay attention to the use of alkaline conditioners such as calcium magnesium phosphate, lime and calcium silicate to improve acidified soil; Pay attention to the combination of fertilization technology and simple cultivation technology to promote the integration of water and fertilizer for efficient and economical horticultural crops.

Southwest of China. Fertilization principle: stabilize nitrogen, adjust phosphorus and supplement potassium, and apply trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, magnesium, sulfur, zinc and calcium together. Main measures: popularizing straw returning technology, paying attention to the rational utilization of biogas manure and livestock manure, and restoring the development of green manure planting in winter fallow fields; Popularize formula fertilizer, increase the application amount of organic fertilizer, attach importance to the use of alkaline conditioners such as calcium magnesium phosphate, lime and calcium silicate to improve acidified soil, and promote the integration technology of water and fertilizer for efficient economic crops and horticultural crops in mountainous areas.

Northwest China. Fertilization principle: coordinating water and fertilizer resources, using water to determine fertilizer, using fertilizer to transfer water, and stabilizing the application of trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron. Main measures: cooperate with plastic film planting to promote high-efficiency slow-release fertilizer, implement conservation tillage, return straw to field, popularize formula fertilizer and increase the application amount of organic fertilizer; Popularize high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation under plastic film and integration of water and fertilizer on crops such as cotton, fruit trees and potatoes; Combined with engineering measures, the saline-alkali land was improved by using conditioners such as gypsum.

Fourth, key tasks

(1) Promote soil testing and formula fertilization. On the basis of summing up experience, we should innovate the implementation mode, speed up the application of results, and promote soil testing and formula fertilization on a larger scale and at a higher level. The first is to expand the scope of implementation. While laying a solid foundation and continuing to do a good job in soil testing and formula fertilization for food crops, we will expand the application in facility agriculture and economic horticultural crops such as vegetables, fruit trees and tea, and basically achieve full coverage of soil testing and formula fertilization for major crops. The second is to strengthen the docking of agricultural enterprises. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in soil testing and formula fertilization, select a group of enterprises with good reputation and strong strength to carry out in-depth cooperation, and promote formula fertilization from village to household according to four modes: "grasping medicine according to the prescription", "Chinese patent medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine instead of frying" and "private doctor". The third is to innovate the service mechanism. Actively explore the effective mode of combining public welfare services with business services and government-purchased services, support the development of specialized and socialized service organizations, and provide farmers with the "four unifications" of unified measurement, distribution, supply and implementation. Innovate the formulation and release mechanism of fertilizer formula, improve the expert consultation system of soil testing formula fertilization, and use modern information technology to help popularize the technology of soil testing formula fertilization.

(2) Promote the transformation of fertilization methods. Give full play to the leading role of new business entities such as large grain growers, family farms and professional cooperatives, strengthen technical training and guidance services, vigorously promote advanced and applicable technologies, and promote the transformation of fertilization methods. The first is to promote mechanical fertilization. According to the principle of integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery and overall planning of base fertilizer and topdressing, the research and development of fertilization machinery should be accelerated, and technologies such as deep application of chemical fertilizer machinery, mechanical topdressing and synchronous sowing of seed fertilizer should be popularized according to local conditions to reduce nutrient volatilization loss. The second is to promote the integration of water and fertilizer. Combined with efficient water-saving irrigation, demonstration and popularization of drip fertilization, sprinkler fertilization and other technologies will promote the integration of water and fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water resources. The third is to popularize suitable fertilization techniques. Reasonably determine the proportion of base fertilizer application, and popularize the technology of fertilization by stages according to the place, seedling, water and time. Popularize the techniques of foliar spraying of wheat and rice and fertilization outside the roots of fruit trees according to local conditions.

(3) Popularize and apply new fertilizers and new technologies. Based on the demand of agricultural production, we should integrate scientific research, teaching, extension and enterprise strength, increase investment in research and development, track international cutting-edge technologies and carry out joint research. The first is to strengthen technology research and development. Set up a batch of R&D platforms combining Industry-University-Research and Push, focusing on the research of high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization technology for crops, and the research and development of new products and equipment with quick and slow effects, a large number of medium and trace elements, organic and inorganic, and nutrient forms and functions. The second is to speed up the promotion of new products. Demonstration and promotion of slow-release fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, foliar fertilizers, biological fertilizers, soil conditioners and other high-efficiency new fertilizers, continuously improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and promote the transformation and upgrading of the fertilizer industry. The third is to integrate and promote the high-efficiency fertilization technology model. Combining the high-yield creation and green yield-increasing model, according to the soil nutrient status and the law of crop fertilizer demand, the scientific fertilization guidance manual was formulated by region and crop, and a number of high-yield and efficient ecological fertilization technology models were integrated and popularized.

(4) Promote the utilization of organic fertilizer resources. Adapt to the development of modern agriculture and the characteristics of China's agricultural management system, actively explore the effective mode of using organic nutrient resources, increase support, encourage and guide farmers to apply more organic fertilizer. First, promote the resource utilization of organic fertilizer. Support large-scale farming enterprises to produce organic fertilizer by using livestock manure, promote the mode of large-scale farming+biogas+socialized residue transportation, and support farmers to accumulate farmyard manure and apply commercial organic fertilizer. The second is to promote the return of straw nutrients to the field. Popularize the technology of straw crushing and returning to the field, and develop a compound working machine with the functions of straw crushing, decomposing agent application, soil ploughing and land leveling, so that straw can be taken from the field and used in the field. The third is to plant green manure according to local conditions. Make full use of soil, fertilizer, water, light and heat resources in winter fallow fields and fruit tea gardens in the south, and promote the planting of green manure. In areas where conditions permit, farmers should be instructed to apply rhizobia agents to promote nitrogen fixation and fertilizer application of leguminous crops such as peanuts, soybeans and alfalfa.

(5) Improve the quality level of cultivated land. Accelerate the construction of high-standard farmland, improve water conservancy facilities and improve the basic conditions of cultivated land. We will carry out actions such as protecting and improving the quality of cultivated land, improving soil, improving soil fertility, pollution control and restoration, salinization control, and transformation of low-and medium-yield fields to generally improve the level of cultivated land fertility. Strive to improve the basic fertility of cultivated land by more than 0.5 grades and the content of soil organic matter by 0.2 percentage points by 2020, and effectively control the acidification, salinization and pollution of cultivated land. By strengthening the construction of cultivated land quality, while reducing the input of chemical fertilizers, we will improve the basic production capacity of cultivated land and ensure the stable development of grain and agricultural production.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) protection

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. The Ministry of Agriculture has set up a coordination and guidance group for zero growth of fertilizer use led by the Ministry, with responsible comrades of relevant departments and units in the Ministry as members, and the Planting Management Department is responsible for specific work. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) set up a leading group headed by the main responsible comrades of the Agriculture Department (commissions and bureaus) to promote implementation, strengthen coordination and guidance, and promote the implementation of various measures.

(2) Up and down linkage. Combined with the implementation of extended performance appraisal, we should establish a working mechanism of up-and-down linkage and multi-party cooperation, strengthen responsibility, integrate strength and strengthen supervision. Key implementation areas should establish cooperation mechanisms, communicate with each other and promote each other. Give full play to the technical information advantages of teaching and research institutions and industry associations, and encourage the development of technology promotion, policy propaganda, technical training and service guidance.

(3) Improve the supporting policies. Strengthen communication and coordination with development and reform, finance and other departments, expand the scale of projects such as soil testing and formula fertilization, and improve the quality of cultivated land, and support the popularization of technologies such as returning straw to the field, planting green manure, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, integrating water and fertilizer, and mechanical fertilization. Provide scientific fertilization services for new business entities and moderate scale operations, and apply organic fertilizer, formula fertilizer and high-efficiency slow-release fertilizer. Actively strive for financial, insurance, taxation and other policies to support zero growth in fertilizer use.

(4) Strengthen technical support. The Ministry of Agriculture set up an expert steering group with zero growth in fertilizer use, put forward specific technical plans and provided guidance services, and all key technologies were in place. Implement major projects of comprehensive technology research and development of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Promote the establishment of a national fertilizer benefit monitoring network, improve the fertilizer use survey and statistical system, and timely and accurately grasp the fertilizer use and effect evaluation data. Local agricultural departments at all levels should also set up corresponding expert teams to carry out technical guidance services around the zero growth of fertilizer use.

(5) Strengthen publicity and training. Carry out the publicity campaign on the theme of "Scientific Fertilization into Ten Thousand Families", and vigorously publicize the knowledge of scientific fertilization by using media such as radio, television, newspapers and the Internet, enhance farmers' awareness of scientific fertilization, and create a good social atmosphere. Combined with the training project of new professional farmers and the quality improvement plan of rural practical talent leaders, we will strengthen the training of new business entities and strive to improve the scientific fertilization technology level of large grain growers, family farms and professional cooperatives.

(6) Strengthen legal protection. We will promptly formulate and promulgate the Regulations on the Protection of Cultivated Land Quality and the Regulations on Fertilizer Management, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of various rules and regulations on the protection of cultivated land quality and fertilizer management. Strengthen the management of fertilizer use, standardize agricultural production processes, strengthen the supervision of fertilizer market, crack down on counterfeit and shoddy products, and earnestly safeguard farmers' interests.