What is the current situation of investment control of capital construction projects in colleges and universities?

this paper analyzes the present situation of investment control in the whole process of some university construction projects, expounds the existing problems from four aspects: decision-making stage, design stage, construction stage and the whole process supervision of the project, and puts forward corresponding investment control suggestions, so as to provide reference for improving the management level and investment benefit of university infrastructure projects.

1 Introduction

Infrastructure projects in colleges and universities, especially the construction of new campuses, have always been the focus of social attention. The construction projects in colleges and universities are diversified, the construction period is long, the construction period is tight, there are many links from project initiation to completion and delivery, and the departments involved in the implementation are wide. Many factors lead to more or less management bottlenecks in the construction of new campuses in colleges and universities. Whether we can control the investment of capital construction projects in colleges and universities and make rational use of funds to complete the construction of teaching facilities on the premise of ensuring the quality, safety and progress of construction projects plays an important role in controlling the investment scale of construction projects, improving the efficiency of capital use and ensuring the construction quality.

2 the present situation of investment control of infrastructure projects in colleges and universities

in recent years, with the strong support of the state, nearly two-thirds of colleges and universities in Jiangsu province have adapted to the development of innovative financing ideas and measures, appropriated, lent, raised and replaced simultaneously, overcome the bottleneck of funds, carried out the new construction and expansion of campus, and significantly improved the campus infrastructure and hardware environment. Colleges and universities at all levels have made remarkable achievements in the scale of running schools, the quality of education and teaching, the training mode of talents and the construction of teaching staff.

2.1 the basic situation of the construction of new campus in colleges and universities

according to the statistical yearbook of education funds in Jiangsu province in 213, the capital investment of colleges and universities in the province in 213 reached 6,513.73 billion yuan (including 4,484 million yuan from the central government and 2,29.73 million yuan from the local governments). During the implementation of the investment in the new campus, colleges and universities have effectively supervised their infrastructure projects based on the Construction Law, Bidding Law, Auditing Law, Measures for the Administration of Direct Investment Projects in the Central Budget and Measures for the Administration of Capital Construction of Colleges and Universities Directly under the Ministry of Education. As the construction unit of the project, the whole process of investment control in colleges and universities is generally implemented in five stages: decision-making stage, design stage, contracting stage, construction stage and settlement stage. At present, the comprehensive implementation of the bidding system for engineering construction standardizes the management of the contracting stage of infrastructure projects in colleges and universities, effectively avoids the situation of winning bids at low prices and unreasonable prices, and achieves the purpose of investment control; At the same time, the audit department of colleges and universities has played a positive and important role in the investment control of the project in view of the establishment and improvement of the engineering audit function and the promotion of the whole process tracking audit.

2.2 Problems in the process of project investment management

Although remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of new campuses in colleges and universities, it is still common that the investment exceeds the budget after the completion of projects in colleges and universities. The implementation of project funds in most colleges and universities is higher than the amount approved by the Ministry of Education, especially for projects with strong functionality and professionalism, and the overrun is generally high. Taking the biological science experimental building of a university in Nanjing as an example, the over-expenditure rate of project investment reached 5.6%. Combined with the actual analysis of project management, a large part of the reasons for this situation lie in the decision-making, design and construction stages of the project. Investment decision-making is a prerequisite for the construction scale of engineering projects. As the main body responsible for project decision-making, many colleges and universities have more or less blindly expanded land acquisition and sought for the big and the new at the initial stage of construction, and the area of the new campus is often several times or even ten times the original. Some schools blindly pursue results and copy them. Building a large area of green space and luxurious gatehouse not only ignores the actual use function of the project, but also increases the later maintenance cost. The design stage is the key link to influence and control the construction project cost, and its influence on the project cost can reach more than 75% under the correct decision-making conditions. In order to meet the visual effect, some construction projects use special-shaped redundant or new materials, or are divorced from engineering practice and built behind closed doors. This design not only increases the cost, but also has no practical use value. For example, the facade of a student activity center in a university is decorated with a large area of self-corroded steel plates, which not only increases the project cost, but also increases the later maintenance and maintenance costs of the facade. For another example, in a newly-built basic experimental building in a university, the original designed wastewater discharge is divided into organic wastewater and inorganic wastewater respectively, but in actual use, the user can make it clear that the basic experimental operation can't distinguish these two types of experimental wastewater at all. After this scheme is optimized again, the project investment will be saved by about 5, yuan. Such examples are not uncommon in project management. The construction stage is the stage in which building products are formed and the main stage in which construction funds are invested. Because of the long construction period, school projects, especially scientific research houses, will inevitably encounter great changes in the social and economic situation and policies. At the same time, the speed of scientific and technological innovation in some fields is changing with each passing day, often because the building is not covered well, and the subject experimental environment has new requirements; In addition, the users are constantly changing during the construction process, and the original design can not meet the requirements of the existing users' ideas or scientific research hardware environment, so the project is demolished and built, and the changes are constant. Taking a liberal arts building as an example, during the construction period, the main leaders of the college changed, and the two leaders had different ideas about the building's construction and division of labor, which finally led to the over-expenditure rate of investment completion after the project was completed as high as 28%. At the same time, repeated rework leads to the overlapping of visa work content, and the salary of personnel is also rising year by year. For various reasons, the project cost is increased, and investment control is difficult to implement.

3 suggestions on investment control of infrastructure projects in colleges and universities

The construction and management of new campus is a complex system management project. In view of the problems existing in the implementation of investment control of infrastructure projects in colleges and universities at this stage, the following suggestions are put forward.

3.1 The project decision-making stage should "avoid wasting resources according to actual needs"

The essence of campus engineering building is to meet the needs of teachers and students in teaching, research, study and life. In the project investment decision-making stage, the teaching resources should be reorganized and enjoyed from the perspective of the strategic development of the school, in line with the principle of optimal investment effect in the whole life cycle, combined with the actual situation of running a school. In the early stage of the project site selection, we should conduct sufficient research to understand the construction standards and actual use requirements of similar buildings, and clarify the use functions and construction standards of various projects to avoid the waste of resources caused by blind expansion and repeated construction of new campuses. We should respond to the requirement of "improving the decision-making mechanism according to law" put forward by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, give full play to the guiding role of public participation, expert argumentation and risk assessment mechanism in project decision-making, and formulate legal, standardized, feasible and reliable project decision-making. This is also the primary link of investment control of infrastructure projects in colleges and universities.

3.2 In the design stage of the project, it is advisable to "emphasize economic and practical design over effect design"

Campus buildings are different commercial buildings with clear functional divisions, which are the inheritance of discipline construction and campus culture. The project design should be combined with the characteristics of our school to avoid impetuous business atmosphere. At this stage, most schools can basically implement design bidding and quota design to control the investment in the design stage on the premise of meeting the engineering structure and use function. In the specific implementation process, the project investor should make the project positioning and standards as clear as possible, constantly strengthen the designer's awareness of project investment control, carefully design, and strive to advance the functional design as far as possible under the condition of satisfying the use function and not exceeding the limited investment.

3.3 investment control in the construction stage should be "carefully controlled change and carefully examined"

Construction is the substantial embodiment of design drawings, and relatively accurate drawings can effectively avoid changes or even rework during construction due to design defects or unknown parameters. On the premise that the preliminary design documents are relatively perfect, the whole process follow-up audit is carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the Audit Law of the People's Republic of China and the Measures for the Administration of Capital Construction in Colleges and Universities Directly under the Ministry of Education, so as to change the previous phenomenon that the final accounts of the project are seriously over budget due to "building without approval and changing while building", and strictly control the changes and visas. For example, when a project is constructed, acrylic emulsion interior wall coating is used (unit price is about 9 yuan /kg), but when the visa is issued, it is declared to be the superior product of pure acrylic emulsion interior wall coating (unit price is about 2 yuan /kg), and the number of visas is 2 tons. The visa fee alone is as high as more than 2, yuan. Similar post-audit situations bring many disputes to the project settlement of infrastructure and audit departments. Infrastructure management personnel shall, in conjunction with the supervision and audit personnel, strengthen the control of the project, and timely and carefully review the quantities beyond the scope of the contract in the process, and know the amount of change.

3.4 The whole process of investment control should emphasize pre-supervision and strengthen professional skills.

3.4.1 Emphasis on pre-supervision means paying attention to the supervision in the pre-control stage in the whole process of investment control. At present, the management and control of engineering projects in colleges and universities mainly focus on the management in the process of engineering construction and the settlement audit after the completion of the project, while the audit and supervision in the project establishment stage and design stage are relatively ignored. For example, whether the project is feasible, whether the design is reasonable, whether it exceeds the estimated budget, etc., we often hold a position of asking and not asking. Especially in order to avoid responsibility, the phenomenon of conservative design waste is more prominent. The calculated uplift bearing capacity of anchor pile in an experimental building is 13kN, while the characteristic value of design bearing capacity is 25kN. Because it involves structural safety, the project investors hold a default attitude. Many schools or departments have not established an effective supervision mechanism for the existence of redundant design, which is extremely unfavorable for project investment control. For example, for the outdoor drainage ditch in the basement of a project, the designer proposed to temporarily add drainage culverts around the foundation pit in order to meet the requirements of structural design for the anti-floating of the basement floor, which is expected to increase the cost by about 2.2 million yuan. When asked about the design basis, the data provided by the geological survey report did not have enough basis to explain this change. After negotiation, the change amount was reduced by 6%, which not only greatly saved the project cost, but also provided a lot of convenience for construction. It can be seen that the introduction of project approval and supervision mechanism, the implementation of design supervision and design audit in the early stage of the project, and the full play of the guiding role of the total design budget for the control of project investment objectives have an important role in improving the management and control level of capital construction projects at this stage and effectively controlling project investment. 3.4.2 Strong professional skills "Strong professional skills" means strengthening the cultivation of professional skills of managers. The infrastructure managers in colleges and universities, especially the grass-roots infrastructure workers, are limited by various policies such as school establishment and retirement policy, and there are phenomena such as aging knowledge and shortage of professional allocation. What's more, many grass-roots managers simply don't have professional ability. In recent years, the infrastructure industry has developed by leaps and bounds, and new norms, technologies and new processes have emerged one after another. Colleges and universities are fertile ground for the development of hardware environment for science and technology. As a university infrastructure management worker, one should not only have certain political and ideological accomplishment and professional ethics, but also have a good theoretical level and rich construction experience in related majors, know a certain amount of economic and legal knowledge, and have strong analytical and decision-making ability, so as to improve the level of university infrastructure management by continuously improving comprehensive quality. Of course, the "agent construction system" management mode vigorously promoted at present is an important measure for the reform of China's investment system, which largely solves the problem of shortage of infrastructure management professionals in colleges and universities. However, how to promote and improve the management and organization formation of the agent construction system in colleges and universities, compare and analyze the feasible modes, and deepen the evaluation system of the agent construction system is still a subject that needs to be studied, summarized and pondered in the process of promoting the project "agent construction system" in colleges and universities.

4 Conclusion

The investment control of university infrastructure projects runs through the whole process of project implementation, and any link out of control may cause its project cost to deviate from expectations. From the perspective of grass-roots managers of capital construction projects in colleges and universities, we should combine the uniqueness of university construction projects with the premise of meeting scientific research and teaching, fully consider the reality that the design, management and supervision systems and concepts of construction projects are lagging behind the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid expansion of investment scale, not only scientifically control the whole process of project life cycle investment through the organic combination of technology and economy, but also further deepen and refine the management system, strengthen the training of managers' professional skills, and comprehensively and deeply do a good job in the whole process investment cost management of project projects.

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