Summary of knowledge points of three compulsory courses of ancient Chinese in senior two of People's Education Press.

# Senior Two # Introduction The stage of struggling alone in senior two is a stage of interaction with loneliness, as well as a stage of endurance, will and self-control. But it is also a heavy and solemn stage. It can be seen that the second year of high school is the key to three years of high school, and it is also the most difficult year to grasp. In order to help you grasp this important stage, the Senior Two Channel has compiled a summary of three ancient Chinese knowledge points of the compulsory Senior Two language in People's Education Edition, hoping to help you! !

Bai Juyi's Preface to Pipa

First, interchangeable characters

Carefully draw the end of the song (finish painting)

The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm (grate next to grate, dense tooth comb)

Second, the different meanings of ancient and modern times

Next autumn, see off Pukou (next year: ancient: the year after this: referring to the year after this)

So in the end she married herself to a businessman (the oldest: ancient: today's older: eldest son, eldest brother, and so on. )

Now, after listening to her story, I am even sadder (chirp: ancient times: sigh today: generally refers to insects)

Because the sentence is long (because; Ancient times; So I wrote today; Indicate the reason)

Night passed, night came, and her beauty disappeared (color: ancient: today's appearance: color)

Although the tune is different from what she played before (forward: ancient: just now: face forward (face))

Third, the word is polysemy.

(1) word

The feeling of human language (word: word)

Every 6 16 words (words)

Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital

(2) Life

Order wine (order: order, order)

Life words [pipa] (life: name)

(3) for

Because long sentences (v write, write)

First, the air in the rainbow skirt, then six small ones (used for: playing)

I will write a Long song about guitar. (for: preposition, for, for)

(4) temporarily

Never interrupt the sound (temporary: adverb, short)

I feel as if my hearing is illuminated by wonderful music.

(5) seclusion

Fall into deep sorrow and hidden lament (deep).

It is difficult to flow under the ice of the secluded rock spring.

Wild fragrance (static: light)

As for darkness, nothing can compare with it.

(6) Language

The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered (French: say, answer)

Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar,

(7) darkness

We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name (softly)

Fall into deep sorrow and hidden lament (hidden)

Partial listening is dark (confusion, ignorance)

Fourth, the flexible use of parts of speech

A pipa player in the middle of the night (night: noun adverbial, night)

Order wine (wine: noun as verb, banquet)

Give it a song (song: nouns as verbs, poems)

Whoever values money first doesn't care how he leaves her.

Five, classical Chinese sentence patterns

1, inversion

Turn to Jianghu (prepositional structure as adverbial in Jianghu, followed by it)

Try to learn pipa from Mu, Cao Ershan is talented.

2. Elliptic sentences

Ask him, Ben (yes) Chang 'an advocates women.

See the guests off at Songpukou.

Let it play a few songs quickly.

Insert a string thoughtfully.

3. Passive sentences

The feeling of human language

"I am for the country" Mencius

First, the notional words in classical Chinese

1. Common word

(1) There are more hopeless people than neighboring countries (pass "No" and don't)

(2) There is no time to waste (pass "no" and don't)

(3) People who are given white will not wear it on the road (through "spot", here refers to white hair)

(4) I don't know if I'm hungry.

(5) Straight is not a hundred steps (straight is just, just)

2. Special word meaning

(1) Hanoi disaster (crop failure, famine year)

(2) There are neither more nor less people in neighboring countries (adverb, more, more)

(3) Straight is not a hundred steps (just, but)

(4) Failing to count into the pool (fine)

3. Polysemy

(1) stone

Dogs eat people without knowing it (food: the former is a verb, eat; The latter is a noun, food)

(2) Quantity

How many people in a family can translate without being hungry.

Counting does not enter the pool (dense)

Can you fill in the number of black clothes?

Fu Su warned the reason (repeatedly) with several figures.

(3) Straight line

Straight is not a hundred steps, but it is also a walk (only, but)

Straight through, straight outside, no peristalsis (no bending)

Charge (general value, price) directly to Niutou.

(4) Victory

If you don't go against the farming season, you can't beat grain.

An angry donkey can bear its hoof.

Its so-called victory over the imperial court (victory)

At sunrise, the river is redder than fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue.

Yubaling is beautiful, in Dongting Lake (beautiful).

(5) hair

I don't know if I'm hungry (open)

Send 900 men to defend Yuyang (dispatch)

One shot at a time (launch)

Wild fragrance, beautiful wood and beautiful shade (flowers bloom)

(6) Soldiers

Not me, but a soldier (weapon)

Militarism (military force)

We must take Chang 'an An Jun as the quality, and the soldiers will leave (the army)

Everything is a soldier.

4. Flexible use of parts of speech

(1) Nouns as verbs.

Fill the drum (beat the drum)

A tree is a mulberry (planted)

Fifty people can wear clothes and silk.

However, it is not the king.

Dogs eat people and don't know (eat)

5. Different meanings of ancient and modern times

(1) If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong (ancient: modern Yellow River: referring to rivers in general).

(2) If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to the east of the river (ancient times: the grain is not harvested today: fierce, fierce)

(3) Abandoning armor and dragging troops (ancient: running, now fleeing: walking)

(4) It is to keep people healthy and not regret losing their lives.

(5) Fifty people can wear clothes and silks (ancient times can rely on today; They agree, agree)

However, if you are not a king, you will have nothing.

(7) Wang was innocent at the age of seven, and the people in the world were in great need.

Second, the function words in classical Chinese

1. and

(1) conjunction, connecting adverbial and head language, indicating modification: abandoning armor and dragging troops.

(2) Conjunction, indicating acceptance: or stop after a hundred steps.

(3) Conjunction, indicating a turning point: However, no king/dog ate human food without knowing it/was hungry without knowing it.

(4) Conjunction and table juxtaposition: What is the difference from stabbing and killing people?

2. it

(1) demonstrative pronoun, equivalent to "na" and "na": moving its people to Hedong.

(2) Pronouns, as attributive components: Hanoi moves its millet (on behalf of Hedong)/Innocent (theirs)

3. Wisdom

(1) auxiliary, the sentence independence between subject and predicate is abolished: I have no hope of more people in my country than in my neighboring countries.

(2) Structural auxiliary words, the purpose of which is to investigate the beginning of politics/kingliness in neighboring countries.

(3) Accessory words, nonsense: drum/tree irrigation mulberry.

(4) Pronouns, as object components: used in the sense of filial piety (referring to the people)/nothingness (instead of what I said earlier)

4. what

(1) modal particles at the end of the sentence: pay attention to your ears.

(2) Pronouns: What are the people in the world (referring to "Wang")

5. However,

(1) demonstrative pronoun, so: Hedong is fierce/but not king.

(2) Adjective suffix, equivalent to "land": filling the drum.

6. at

(1) preposition, for: I did it for my country.

(2) preposition, table comparison, ratio: I don't want to be more than my neighbors.

(3) preposition, in: those who win white prizes are not responsible for wearing them on the road.

Third, classical Chinese sentence patterns

1. Judgment

(1) Health preservation is the beginning of kingliness (the modal particle "ye" indicates judgment)

(2) However, if you are not a king, there will be something in the end ("

(3) It's not me, it's age (the modal particle "ye" indicates judgment)

(4) Yes, I will go.

(5) Not me, but a soldier.

2. Interrogative questions

(1) There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in our country. Why? (interrogative pronoun, used with "ye" to express doubt)

(2) with pot call the kettle Tom black, what is it (the interrogative pronoun "he" is used with "ru" to express doubt).

(3) What's the difference between stabbing and killing? "Not me, a soldier." (The interrogative pronoun "he" means rhetorical question here)

3. Elliptic sentences

(1) (I am the only one) observing the politics of neighboring countries, and I have no intention of being like me (omitting the subject "I am the only one")

(2) Fill it up, connect the weapons, and (soldiers) abandon their armor and walk away (omit the subject "soldiers")

(3) If pot calling the kettle black is (yes), what will it look like (after "yes", "yes" is equivalent to "so").

(4) (Liang) said, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk." (omit the subject "beam")

(5) (Mencius) said, "If Wang knew this, there would be more people than neighboring countries, and there would be no hope." (omit the subject Mencius)

(6) The country is willing to teach in an orderly way and apply it in the sense of filial piety, and the winners will not go on the road (omit the subject "country")

(7) (Wang) Ze Ri: "If it's not me, it's age." (omit the subject "Wang")

(8) Fifty people can have food and clothing.

(9) Seventy people can eat meat.

4. Inverted sentences

(1) There is no hope to be more than the neighboring countries.

(2) Apply in the sense of filial piety (apply in the sense of filial piety, preposition object is put behind)

(3) People who give white clothes are not responsible for wearing them on the road.

(4) nothing (pronoun preposition object in negative sentences).

Xunzi's "Persuasion"

First, the notional words in classical Chinese

1. Common word

(1) Think of it as a wheel (preach "Xuan" and bake wood with fire to bend it)

(2) Those who don't stand up despite bad experiences (preach "again" and then; Spread the word "exposure", Sun)

(3) There is nothing wrong with knowing and doing (wisdom and wisdom)

(4) Gentlemen are born different (through "sex", qualification and endowment)

2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times

(1) Think of it as a wheel (think, ancient meaning: make it; Meaning: thinking)

(2) Gold is sharp and profitable (gold, ancient meaning: this article refers to swords made of metal, etc. ; Modern meaning: gold)

(3) A gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself from Japanese ginseng (erudition, ancient meaning: learn from others; Today's meaning: knowledgeable)

(4) one heart (heart: ancient: use, because today: concentrate; On purpose)

(5) A gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese participants help themselves.

(6) Those who are not snakes and eels have nothing to trust (trust: ancient: resettlement, settlement today: entrustment; Give someone or something an ideal, etc.)

3. Flexible use of parts of speech

(1) verb causative usage

If the wood in the middle of the rope is straight, it is a wheel.

(2) Adjectives are used flexibly as nouns

Its curvature is moderate (curvature)

(3) Nouns as adverbials

A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he saves himself by participating in the day (daily life).

Eat the earth and drink yellow (up and down)

(4) Nouns as verbs

Fake boats can't swim.

Let it be natural (the method of "making")

You can't take ten steps (cross ten steps to ten steps)

(5) Numerals as adjectives:

Monopolistic (single-minded)

4. Polysemy

Absolutely.

A fake boat can't swim, but never cross the river.

Since Master Yun Zu led his wife to this desperate situation (partition) to avoid the chaos of Qin Dynasty.

Think it's wonderful

The unique Maitreya Buddha in Fo Yin (very)

Suddenly tap the ruler and the group will ring (stop)

(2) False

A gentleman's life is the same, and his goodness is illusory in things (with the help of)

Therefore, many people use books in their spare time.

It was the wolf who fell asleep unconsciously and covered it with bait.

(3) Smell

Breathing with the wind, the sound is not painful, but the listener is loud (hear)

Have a wealth of knowledge (experience, knowledge)

Can't call the smell of the past (reputation, reputation)

(4) Strong

Earthworms don't have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong (strong)

Bow should be strong, sword should be long (strong bow)

Policy 12, awarded to the former 1000 (above)

It's a hundred steps, three or four miles a day (hard, barely)

(5) Look

I've tasted it and looked forward to it. It's better to look at it from a distance.

Look at the general day and night, how dare you go against it (look, look)

Xianda Delong looks up (fame)

Looking forward to July (when the moon is full, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month)

Second, the function words in classical Chinese

1. and

(1) conjunctions, table modification: I think about it all the time/I look forward to it once I taste it.

(2) Conjunction, indicating a turning point: green is taken from blue and its shine on you/ice, water is colder than water/climbing for it, and the arm is not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away/whistling with the wind, and the sound is not aggravated, which is obvious to the listener.

(3) Conjunction, table juxtaposition: knowingly commit a crime/crab kneels six times and pinches twice.

(4) Harmony means inheritance: accumulate goodness into virtue, and the gods are complacent.

5. Conjunction means progressive: a gentleman is knowledgeable, but towering can save.

2. at

(1) Prepositions, from: green, from blue to blue.

(2) Preposition, than: green, from blue and blue.

(3) preposition, object, untranslatable: goodness is false in things.

3. Wisdom

(1) Pronoun: green, taken from blue (instead of indigo)/ice, water is cooler than water (instead of ice).

(2) The post-sign of auxiliary words and attributives: Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, but their bones and muscles are strong.

(3) auxiliary words, virtue: those who are not snakes have nothing to place.

(4) Auxiliary words, used between the attributive and the head word, have no practical significance: it is not as good as learning in an instant.

4. what

(1), in which, it comes from here: mountains are piled up, wind and rain are flourishing/water drops converge into the ocean, and dragons leap and tigers leap.

(2) At the end of the sentence, the mood auxiliary words are: accumulating goodness into virtue, the immortal is complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared.

Third, classical Chinese sentence patterns

1. Judgment

(1) A gentleman is the same all his life, and he is good at faking (using "Ye" to express judgment)

(2) The non-snake person has nothing to trust and his heart is impatient (use "Zhe ... also" to express his judgment)

(3) Although there is a crisis, people who no longer stand up will be tanned (using "wearing …… also" to express judgment)

2. Elliptic sentences

(1) Tanning (zhi) takes (zhi) as the wheel (to store the object "zhi" of verbs and prepositions respectively)

(2) Those who leave the ship will not be able to swim and will be cut off from the river (provincial preposition "in")

3. Inverted sentences

(1) green, dare to be blue, green is blue (take it from blue, take it from blue, put it behind the guest)

(2) A gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese participants help themselves.

(3) Good and false are also in things (false in things, after things)

(4) Earthworms have no advantage over their minions, but their bones and muscles are strong.

Ice, water for it, is colder than water (in water, the front structure is behind)

Jia Yi, on Qin

I. notional words

1, interchangeable words: (Pronunciation)

On the slave balance (through the "level")

Combination and association (through "vertical", combination)

Control its shortcomings (through "our", stuck, failed)

Chen Libing and who (through "ah" and "ah")

Stubborn in the middle of the building (through "rise", rise)

Winning the grain is prosperous (through "Shadow, Follow the Shadow")

More than a hundred years (through "you")

Magnificent (shocking, shocking)

The first emperor was neither dead nor dead.

2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times

(1) Thought Guilin and Xiang Jun (Thought: Ancient: Seeing ... as Today: Thinking)

(2)* Mimi (Mimi: ancient: shield today: refers to rowing tools)

(3) Winning grain is prosperous (victory: ancient: bear, bear today: victory, gain)

(4) Shandong Haojun rose and died in Qin (Shandong; Ancient; East of Lushan Mountain in Shandong Province today)

3. Flexible use of parts of speech

(1) Nouns as Adverbials

It means sweeping the world, including the whole world (seats, bags, bags: seats, parcels, cloth bags)

Domestic legislation, ... Lian Heng fought against foreign princes (inside and outside: inside and outside)

Take Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, fertile land in the east, Key County in the north and Baiyue in the south, thinking that Guilin and Xiang Jun (south, west, east and north).

The world gathers to respond, wins grain and follows the scenery (cloud, sound and scenery: like clouds, sound and shadow)

② Nouns as verbs

Shoes make Liuhe (shoes: boarding a boat)

Chen She's son urn rope pivot (urn rope: made of broken urn and tied with straw rope)

The descendants of the emperor are also the cause of everything (emperors, kings, kings)

Eight States in sequence, facing the same column (order, arrangement order)

③ Verbs as nouns

Chase death and drive north (death: escape)

④ Causative usage of verbs.

But the Huns were more than 700 Li (but: make ... retreat)

Sort the eight States and turn to the same column (towards: make ... worship)

Fight a vassal outside Lian Heng (fight: make ... fight)

* float (float, make ...)

The warlord who swallowed for two weeks died \ Shandong Haojun rose together and died in the Qin family (death: making ... perish).

⑤ Adjectives as nouns

Qin Xiaogong thinks it is solid (solid: dangerous and solid terrain).

⑥ Verbalization of adjectives.

Respect the virtuous and value the wise (emphasis: respect and attention)

⑦ Adjective causative usage

Make an alliance to weaken Qin \ to weaken the world (weakness: make weak, weaken)

Start with a fool (fool: make ... stupid)

About from equilibrium (away from, make ... discrete)

Adjectives as verbs.

The princes in the world have been trapped (trapped, in trouble)

4. Polysemy

(1) system

Qin has spared no effort to control its disadvantages. On Qin: (*)

Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase its old system (the story of Yueyang Tower): (scale)

His teeth are very clever, all hidden in respect. Zhang Hengchuan: (manufacturing, production)

I can't name the whole land of Wu, with hundreds of thousands of people under the control of Battle of Red Cliffs: (repression, control)

On Qin by Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She: (Command and Command)

Therefore, if a wise monarch controls people's property, he will be able to raise enough money to support his parents.

(2) Death

Death by Path is from Zhao's Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: (Escape, escape)

Wu Qin lost his arrow and left money, but the prince of the world was trapped. On Qin: (Lost, Lost)

Although Yan is a small country, she is dead. On Six Countries: (Death, Extinction)

Today, Liu Biao is newly dead, and the two sons have nothing to do with Battle of Red Cliffs: (Death)

Chasing North Drive to Death and Burying Millions of Bodies "On Qin": (deserter, fugitive)

Hequ made a mistake and responded to "Yugong Yishan": (Pass "Nothing", Nothing)

On Qin dynasty, a warlord swallowed it for two weeks and then died: (causing use and destroying ...)

(3) solid

Deep and unfathomable: (solid terrain))

Consolidate the National Mencius without risking mountains and rivers: (Consolidate)

The king of Qin refused politely for fear that he would hit the wall. He insisted on the biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru.

I know that my son is back, and I also "believe that Ling Jun stole the symbol to save Zhao": (Originally, originally)

* Heart, more and more proud of Epang Palace Fu: (stubborn, stubborn)

When people die, they are either more important than Mount Tai or worse than Hong Mao's letter to Ren An: (Of course it's true)

(4) Legacy

Wu Qin's death left the cost of the arrow, but the princes of the world have been trapped (lost).

A man's legacy is due to his legacy.

It was left to your majesty according to the sketch of the former emperor ("the model"): (Wei, Ci)

I left a legacy in primary school and didn't see it clearly.

(5) Profit

Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, and the golden tip is beneficial.

Cheating a horse is not good enough, but it leads to a thousand miles of "persuasion": (be quick)

Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are outmatched by terrestrial advantages, which in turn are outmatched by the harmony among people. Gong Sunchou: (favorable, with good conditions)

Take advantage of the situation, slaughter the world, * He Shan on Qin: (favorable situation)

People who own Chiang Kai-shek all died for the benefit of the third generation.

6) degrees

Domestic legislation, farming and weaving, and maintenance of war tools (rules and regulations)

Try to make Lu and Chen She grow up (calculate)