Website development, maintenance, and web page production are all professional!

How to build a website?

1. Introduction

The overall planning and design of a website are important to its development and what attracts people to browse. The increasing development of Internet/Intranet technology has made people realize the advantages of Internet/Intranet, and has made the connection between database and web one of the popular technologies in database development.

Normally, most of the web pages seen through the browser are static. The so-called "static" refers to the "fixed" content of the website's web pages. When the browser requests the web server to provide a web page through the Internet's HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) protocol, the server only transmits the originally designed static HTML document. to the browser. The page content uses only standard HTML code, and at most, dynamic pictures in the popular GIF89A format, such as animation effects of several kittens and puppies running around. If the website maintainer wants to update the content of the web page, he must manually update all HTML documents. The fatal weakness of static websites is that they are difficult to maintain. In order to update the content of a web page, website maintainers must repeatedly create HTML documents. As the content and amount of information on the website continue to expand, you can imagine how complex and tedious this work is.

So, what is a dynamic website? The so-called "dynamic" does not mean that the pictures placed on the web page will move. Dynamic pages should have the following characteristics:

(1) Interactivity: that is, the web page can change according to the customer's requirements and choices. Dynamically changing and responding, the browser serves as the client interface, which is the general trend of Web development in the future.

(2). Automatic update: New pages can be automatically generated without manually updating the HTML document, thereby greatly reducing the workload.

(3). Change according to time and person: that is, when different people visit the same website at different times, different pages can be generated. This is especially applicable to websites that require user authorization.

With the rapid development of the Internet, whether it is a professional ISP (Internet Service Provider) and ICP (Internet Content Provider), or general government agencies, banks, transportation departments, schools, hospitals, services Authors, even everyone, are actively seeking to publish information on the Internet and provide new online management and services. It can be said that website design and website editing are becoming emerging hot industries.

2. System analysis of the website

(1). Project establishment

We received business inquiries from customers, and after continuous contact and understanding between both parties, we After basic feasibility discussions, a production agreement is initially reached, and then the project needs to be approved. A better approach is to set up a dedicated project team, whose members include: project manager, web designer, programmers, testers, editors/documenters and other necessary personnel.

(2) Customer’s demand specification

The first step is to require the customer to provide a complete demand description. Many customers are not very clear about their needs and need your continuous guidance and help in analysis. Some customers may not have a clear purpose for what kind of website they want to build, and they may not know what they will do after the website is built. In order for the customer to have a clear purpose, we need to patiently explain, analyze carefully, and tap out the potential of the customer. , real needs. This is good for everyone. Our aim should be "customers understand clearly and both parties are happy." We are responsible for both our customers and ourselves.

It will take a lot of time to cooperate with the customer to write a detailed and complete demand description, but it is worth it, and the customer must be satisfied and signed for approval. Keeping this in mind can prevent many mistakes and project failures caused by unclear requirements or misunderstandings. A poor requirements statement makes it impossible to have a high-quality website.

So what standards should the requirements specification meet? Simply put, it includes the following points: Correctness: Each function must clearly describe the delivered function; Feasibility: Ensure that each requirement can be achieved within the current development capabilities and system environment; Necessity: Whether the function must be delivered and whether it can be Postponement of implementation, whether it can be "cut" when expenditure reduction occurs; Simplicity: Do not use professional network terms; Detectability: If the development is completed, customers can detect it according to their needs.

3. Construction plan

(1). Website building concept

(1) Advance planning

Designing a homepage does not have to be difficult. But this work, like the preparation of traditional promotional materials, requires careful handling and planning. In other words, we must first determine the main information we need to convey, then carefully consider and organize all the ideas in a reasonable way; then design a page style, try it on representative users, and then revise it repeatedly to strive for perfection.

(2) Try to be as concise as possible

The function of the homepage is like the cover of a book, which is to attract users to browse the content of your website. Therefore, the design of the homepage should be eye-catching and clear at a glance. Don't overload it with unnecessary details or overcomplicate the image. Clearly list three key points on your homepage, such as your organization's name, the products or services you provide, and the content of your homepage (i.e. what information your other pages contain). Remember that the first impression of a page is the most important. There are many people browsing everywhere online. If your homepage is really unattractive, it will be difficult for them to take a deeper look at it.

(3) Try to be as simple as possible

Most users today use modems to connect to the World Wide Web, so they usually spend a lot of time waiting for the home page to be transmitted to their system. Graphics on the home page should be kept simple to avoid wasting the user's time. The larger and darker the image, the longer it will take to transfer the page. This doesn’t mean that you should completely omit images, but it does mean that you should be aware of the effects of using images. It's best to have no more than sixty-four colors on the homepage, and the top image should be kept under about 10KB (kilobytes). Don't be tempted to include large images; consider using only three or two short, concise images. The homepage as a whole should be able to be delivered quickly. If it takes more than ten to fifteen seconds to load, many users will become impatient. If possible, it is best to first test the transmission rate of your homepage under slightly worse conditions, a 14.4 kbaud modem, or connect to the World Wide Web through an online service such as Prodigy.

In addition, you must also pay attention to the lowest-end equipment, such as a standard small monitor. Don't assume that everyone uses a high-resolution large screen. It is okay to use some of the cutting-edge features provided by advanced browsing software, but you should ensure that your homepage can still be displayed smoothly on secondary browsing software (such as dedicated browsing software provided by some online services).

(4) Make good use of images

Users are roaming around the Internet, and you must find ways to attract and maintain their attention to your homepage. One of the greatest resources of the World Wide Web is its multimedia capabilities, so we must take advantage of it at all costs. It is best to have eye-catching images, novel pictures, and beautiful fonts on the homepage to make it unique and unforgettable. The content of the image should have a certain practical effect and should not be pretentious or exaggerated. The best images combine beauty and communication. Note that pictures can make up for the lack of words, but they cannot completely replace them. Many users set their browsing software to ignore images in order to save time and read only text. Therefore, when making a homepage, you must pay attention to repeating the important information contained in the image or the instructions for connecting to other pages in words. Test your finished home page in "text only" mode to make sure it conveys all the information.

(5) Make the homepage easy to navigate

One of the main functions of the homepage is to serve as a roaming tool, guiding users to access information you store on URLs or other locations. Try to make the roaming process as effortless as possible.

For reasons of clarity and speed, link items on the homepage should be limited to a few high-level categories, such as company, product, service, support, etc. It is ideal to use six to eight join projects.

Also, the information you provide should not be buried under overlapping pages. Traversing more than five connecting projects is tiresome enough. So you have to strike a balance between breadth and depth. If your URL has too much information, you may want to create longer pages or use more link items, or even create multiple home pages, each with different information. If you can allow users to find the information they need using keywords or words on the homepage, it will definitely be popular with users.

If you have sufficient resources, you should find an expert to evaluate whether the homepage you design is user-friendly. Try to find some users who are new to the homepage to try out your preliminary product.

(6) Website coordination

The homepage must generally contain the following items:

Title, this title must clearly and unmistakably identify your website. The title can be a name, a tagline, a logo, or an image.

Email address so users can notify you if they have questions.

Copyright material, which is the copyright rule that applies to the content on the home page. You can put a brief copyright statement on the homepage and use a link to bring up another page with detailed terms of use, which can avoid the clutter of the homepage.

Contact information, listing mailing address, phone number, etc.

(7) Recycle existing information

When making a homepage, there is usually no need to start from scratch, because there are many ready-made texts, pictures and other materials that we can reuse, such as publicity Brochures, public relations documents, technical manuals, databases, etc. In many cases, with a little effort, these materials can be transferred to the web for use.

(8) Keep it fresh

New things are constantly appearing on the World Wide Web, and there are new tricks every day. If your homepage never changes, users will quickly get bored. Notice on the homepage that new information is about to be released to attract users to come back to browse again. You might as well announce the new news in a large font title at the top of the page. You can periodically change the images on the homepage, or change the style of the homepage. Interesting items can be updated continuously or automatically, such as listing the number of people who visited your website.

Also, to keep things fresh, always make sure your homepage provides the latest information. Integrate updates to your homepage information into your established PR and documentation plan so new information appears on your homepage when you deliver it using traditional methods (such as press releases). Make sure the connection works smoothly so users don't get frustrated with a "The requested file cannot be found" message on their screen.

(9) Fulfill your promise

Never make a promise easily if you cannot do it. Don’t ask users to take random actions, such as filling out a loan order form, unless you have established methods and delivery procedures for handling these orders. If you list a contact number online, make sure you can quickly resolve callers' concerns.

(10) Attract users to browse

Since we have racked our brains to make the homepage beautiful and practical, it would be a pity that no one would appreciate it. To attract everyone online, your homepage must be easy to find. Notify other websites (such as those related to the subject matter) that they may want to link to your homepage. Arrange to have your URL listed on all relevant URL directories, indexes, finders, and "What's new" pages. Try to spread the URL as far as possible and make it appear on the Internet and all traditional media, such as book advertisements, public relations documents, promotional materials, etc.

On the website, set a "home" button on each page to facilitate users to return to the homepage at any time.

The World Wide Web is full of vitality and is constantly evolving, so some experiences that are applicable now may not be applicable in the future. For example, in the future, home users will have high-speed lines to connect to the Internet, which will eliminate current restrictions on data transmission, making homepages longer and more gorgeous.

New browsing capabilities, such as those provided by Sun's HotJava browsing software, will make the World Wide Web more powerful and easier to communicate with. HotJava transforms the homepage from a static file into a dynamic entity, providing functions such as real-time animation, background music, real-time storage of information (such as constantly updating stock prices), voice broadcasts, etc., bringing more fun to online users. To have a good homepage, you must also have sophisticated equipment support. Web servers are constantly being updated, making the job of building a website easier and easier.

(2). Overall website design

After getting the customer's demand statement, we do not start production directly. Instead, we need to conduct an overall design of the project and design a detailed Website construction solutions to clients. The overall design is a very critical step. It mainly determines: what functions the website needs to implement; what software is used for website development and what hardware environment is used; how many people and how much time are needed; what rules and standards need to be followed. At the same time, you need to write an overall planning description, including: the columns and sections of the website; the functions and corresponding programs of the website; the link structure of the website; if there is a database, conceptual design of the database; the interactivity and user-friendly design of the website.

After the overall design is completed, it is generally necessary to provide the customer with a website construction plan. Many web production companies are asked by customers to provide solutions when they contact business. The plans at that time were generally relatively general, and when the customer's needs were not very clear, the plans submitted were often very different from the actual production results. Therefore, we should try our best to gain the customer's understanding and submit the plan after clarifying the needs and overall design. This will benefit both parties. The website construction plan includes the following parts: customer situation analysis; the goals and objectives that the website needs to achieve; website image description; website column sections and structure; website content arrangement, mutual link relationships; use of software, hardware and technology analysis Description; development time schedule; publicity and promotion plan; maintenance plan; production costs; company profile: successful works, technology, talent description, etc. When your plan is approved by the client, you can start making the website. But it’s not really production yet, you need to design it in detail.

(3). Detailed website design

The overall design stage proposes solutions to the problem in a more abstract and general way. The task of the detailed design phase is to concretize the solution. Detailed design is mainly for the program development part. But this stage is not about actually writing the program, but about designing the detailed specifications of the program. The role of such specifications is very similar to the engineering blueprints often used by engineers in other engineering fields. They should contain necessary details, such as program interfaces, forms, required data, etc. Programmers can write actual program code based on them. This time we mainly use ASP to implement related functions and solve related problems. For example, bulletin board BBS, chat rooms, information release systems, online supermarkets, etc. all use ASP to implement human-computer interaction functions, including calling databases. technology.

ASP (Active Server Pages) is a Web application development technology introduced by Microsoft. It is also a server-side script (Script) running environment. This technology can be used to develop dynamic and interactive Web applications.

(4). Discussion on website production specifications

(1) Website directory specifications

Principles of directory establishment: provide the clearest and simplest information at the least level access structure.

a. Root directory. The root directory refers to the directory where the index files pointed to by the DNS domain name server are stored.

The root directory is only allowed to store index.html and main.html files, as well as other necessary system files;

b. Each language version is stored in a separate directory;

c. Each Create a corresponding independent directory for each main function (main menu);

d. When the page exceeds 20 pages, each directory stores its own independent images directory, and the most used images are placed in the root directory. under the images directory;

e. All js files are stored in the unified directory script under the root directory;

f. All CSS files are stored in the style directory under each language version

g. All CGI programs are stored in the root directory and the parallel directory cgi_bin directory

(2) File naming convention

The principle of file naming: use the fewest letters to achieve The easiest meaning to understand.

a. Index files use the index.html file name (lowercase). The index.html file is unified as a "bridge page" to produce specific content, and only serves as a jump page and meta tag page. The main content page is main.htm;

b. The menu picture name is the English translation of the menu name. For example: About us aboutus; information feedback product product; all single English word file names must be lowercase, and all combined English word file names have the second and first letter capitalized;

c. All files The connecting lines between the letters of the name are all underlined;

d. The naming principle of pictures is based on the English letters of the picture, and the size principle is the same as above;

The naming principle of e.js is based on the English letters of the function. Words are names. For example: the js file name of the advertising banner is: ad.js

f. All CGI files have the suffix .cgi.

(3) Link structure specifications

The principle of link structure: use the fewest links to make browsing the most efficient. A star link structure is used between the home page and the first-level pages, and a tree link structure is used between the first-level and second-level pages. For pages with more than three levels, set a navigation bar at the top of the page.

(4) Size specification

a. The page standard is produced with a resolution of 800*600, and the actual size is 778*434px;

b. Each standard The page is A4 format, that is, 8.5X11 inches;

c. The large banner is 468*60px, and the small banner is 88*31px.

(5) Home page HEAD area specifications

a. Company copyright annotation

b. Web page display character set

Simplified Chinese:

Traditional Chinese:

English:

c.Webpage author information

d.Website introduction

e . Search keywords

f. Web page css specifications

g. Web page title

4. Website design and production

1. Overall image design

While programmers carry out detailed design, web designers begin to design the overall image and homepage of the website.

The overall image design includes standard words, logo, standard colors, advertising slogans, etc. Home page design includes layout, color, images, dynamic effects, icons and other style designs, as well as banner, menu, title, copyright and other module designs. The homepage is generally designed with 1-3 different styles.

2. Development and production

This website planning and design adopts the design method of software engineering. On the basis of system analysis and overall design, the design team decomposes the design tasks and assigns them to Each member of the team and each module has a design team member who is responsible for the design and debugging independently. There is division of labor and collaboration. Finally, each module is uploaded to the server for linking and overall debugging.

3. Debugging and improvement

After each module is initially completed, upload it to the server and conduct a full range test of the website. Including speed, compatibility, interactivity, link correctness, program robustness, excessive traffic testing, etc. Any problems found will be solved in a timely manner and recorded.

Website construction is actually a process of continuous enrichment and improvement. Through continuous problem discovery, problem solving, modification, and supplementation, the website structure becomes more reasonable, the content is richer, and the form is more appealing.

4. Promotion

The newly built website is like a newly registered phone number. No one will automatically come to your door. At this time, you need to do some website promotion appropriately. It works. There are many methods here, such as:

a. Set appropriate META tags in the web page;

b. Exchange friendly links. This is a free and efficient method, just like putting your advertisement in other people's stores, and putting other people's advertisements in your store, so that netizens will know your website when they visit other people's websites. If your advertisement is Well, most of the time they will visit your website. This is a good thing that requires no expense and is mutually beneficial. It is recommended.

c. Register your website on major search websites (such as sohu.com yahoo.com), so that others will find your website when they search for similar information;

d. Publish press releases on various news bulletin boards;

e. Reasonable use of email mailing lists;

f. Paid advertising, this method is the most effective, but it is paid

g. Post a note in the forum. This method is not efficient, very tiring, and sometimes deleted by others, so it is not recommended.

It should also be noted that please do not use spam to promote your personal homepage. Not only will this not make others like your website, but it will also cause extreme disgust in others. This is a kind of Unethical behavior.

At this point, the website project is completed.

5. Maintenance

After the website is completed, do you plan to maintain it once and for all? No, if the website becomes large, website maintenance will also be a difficult job. When a website becomes very large, there will be countless pictures, web files and other content. If one of them is missing or the link fails, it will cause a web page error. Think about what would happen if there was one less picture among the many pictures we made. ? Therefore, we must ensure the "health" and integrity of the entire website. In order to make the website healthy and complete, usually before we build a new website, we should build a "local website" in DW, which is a copy of the website on our own computer. This can effectively reduce website errors. When we made the website just now, we first In fact, it is wrong to build a website after making a web page. The correct way is to build the website first and then add content. In addition, we should always check whether the website links are incorrect. Here we can use the CHECK LINK SITEWIDE option in the SITE menu of DW's SITE program to check whether there are broken links in the website so that they can be repaired in time.

In addition, we should also store different types of files scientifically, such as putting all the pictures on the website in one folder and the web pages in another folder. And if the website becomes really "fertile" in the future, we may even need to create a folder for each column, for example, put the files about the MUSIC column in a folder, and put the files about the PICTURES column in a folder, so As a result, it will reduce a lot of unnecessary troubles in our maintenance work!

The last thing to say about website maintenance is to back up the website files. If a computer disaster occurs, our website is likely to be paralyzed, so it is also important to back up website files from time to time.

After the website is successfully launched, the long-term maintenance work has just begun. What we need to do is: respond to customer feedback in a timely manner; for example, we can use the Email automatic reply function, then solve the problem as soon as possible and reply again; website traffic Statistical analysis and corresponding countermeasures; try to promote and use your website; timely update and maintenance of website content.

5. Website security issues and countermeasures

A firewall is any device that prevents outsiders from accessing your network. This device is usually a combination of software and hardware. It usually Pick the desired or unwanted addresses based on some rules.

First of all, most simple authentication processes are based on IP addresses. IP address is the most common identity index on the Internet, and it is divided into static and dynamic. A static IP address is a fixed IP address; it can be the address of a host connected to the Internet. Static IP addresses are divided into several categories. One type can be obtained through the Whois query command; and this type of address is mainly the IP address of the highest-level host on the Internet. These hosts can be domain name servers, Web servers and "root" hosts, and they are all in the InterNIC's Whois database. Their registered hostnames. Another type of static IP address is assigned to second- and third-tier hosts on the Internet (these machines also have fixed physical addresses), but these machines do not necessarily have registered host names. But they have registered IP addresses anyway. A dynamic IP address refers to an address that is forcibly assigned to a different Internet host each time. Dynamic IP addresses are often used in ISP dial-up servers - the node machine will be assigned a different IP address every time it dials up to access the Internet. Regardless of whether the IP address is static or dynamic, it is used in network transmission.

The most basic component of a firewall is neither software nor hardware, but the mind of the person who constructed the firewall. There are many types of firewalls, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. The most common type of firewall is called a "network layer firewall". Network layer firewalls are usually based on routers. In other words, routers determine "who" and "what" can access your network. This solution uses a so-called "datagram filtering" technology, which is a technology that examines external datagrams arriving at the router and makes selections.

Router-based firewalls check the source address of each connection request (that is, the IP address of the host that sent the datagram). After each IP source address is identified, the rules established by the firewall builder are implemented. Router-based firewalls have fast speeds because they are cursorily checking the source address, not functioning as a router, and not determining whether the address is fake or spoofed. However, the increased speed comes at a cost. Router-based firewalls use the source address as an index, which means that datagrams with forged source addresses can access your server to a certain extent.

For the security of the website, in addition to setting the directory security in the Web site properties of the Internet Service Manager, you should also choose good protective fire protection software. Due to time constraints, we are using this time. The network protection god LockDown 2000 can remove all currently known (553 types) and unknown Trojans and email viruses, prevent network bomb attacks, detect and control all access to the machine online, and track intruders and leave them behind. evidence of guilt.

LockDown2000 is currently the most effective and complete security protection software for Windows operating systems in the world. It can track and identify unauthorized users very intelligently. LockDown2000 can protect Internet users from the most sophisticated hackers, prevent anyone from breaking into your computer, and protect your files from being peeked or deleted. If you want to share your resources with others, just list their address and they can access your computer.

LockDown2000 functions like a firewall between your computer and the Internet. It will automatically search for various hacker programs in the world for you in real time.

If you allow certain people to access your computer, LockDown2000 will keep a complete record and briefly report the identities of the users connected to your computer. Through anti-login, record the time and address of their connection in detail, and record in great detail what they did on your computer.

Its main functions are:

1. Able to completely shut down remote users (most likely such users are hackers) from accessing your computer system;

2. Real-time monitoring and recording of remote user activities on your computer;

3. Automatically track all connections and record the hacker’s IP address, domain name and computer name;

4. If someone has connected to your computer or is trying to break in, LockDown2000 will sound a warning with a different sound. If someone connects to your computer without your permission, it will immediately pop up a warning window and real-time monitoring window on the screen;

5. Completely control any connection to the Internet or LAN;

6. You can automatically disconnect any user or all users, which is very important for computers with shared resources;

7. Ability to record user information previously connected to your computer and limit the number of connections to your computer;

8. If you like to use ICQ to communicate with the outside world, LockDown2000 can send invalid file packages to hackers, thereby protecting your computer from hackers' ICQ bomb attacks;

9. You can detect and stop any program that secretly runs in your restricted program list. This program is likely to be an unknown hacker program or virus.

In addition, LockDown2000 is easy to install and does not conflict with other programs.