The content of the popular science handwritten newspaper must be simple,,,

From the perspective of scientific sociology, science popularization is a broad social phenomenon and must have its own "growth points". The growth point of science popularization is at the intersection between nature and people, science and society. In other words, the interaction between natural science and human society generates the popularization of science, and technology and society serve as the "soil" for popularization of science, nurturing its growth. Scientific and technological progress and social development continue to provide new growth points for science popularization, making science popularization work have fresh vitality and strong social and contemporary characteristics. To put it figuratively, science popularization is a "modern civilization drama" with the times as the background, society as the stage, human beings as the protagonists, science and technology as the content, and facing the general public. There are no traditional repertoires on this stage. In essence, science popularization is a kind of social education. As social education, it is different from school education and vocational education. Its basic characteristics are: sociality, mass nature and sustainability. The characteristics of science popularization show that science popularization work must use social, mass and regular science popularization methods, make full use of the various circulation channels and information dissemination media in modern society, and lose no opportunity to widely penetrate into various social activities in order to form A large-scale, vibrant and social popular science. Modern science and technology is an extremely large and complex three-dimensional structural system with rich connotations and multiple social functions. In science popularization work, we should not only pay attention to the external utility of scientific and technological knowledge, but also not ignore its inherent scientific ideas, scientific methods and scientific spirit. Among the four different levels contained in knowledge information (namely, data, information, knowledge and intelligence), intelligence, which occupies the highest level, is the most active and important quality that constitutes people's scientific and cultural quality. This is particularly important for leading cadres at all levels and managers of scientific and technological work in different positions.

Who should write popular science books and identify writing qualifications

Only those who have become great scientists are qualified to write popular science books. This is an industry rule in academia, so some Scientists are reluctant or somewhat embarrassed to write popular science. This is mainly because they are not great scientists yet, because once a certain scientist agrees to write a popular science work, people in the industry will generally not say anything about it, and they will feel disgusted in their hearts. , and finally it is written by some ordinary people (but it must be written out of love and reverence for science) and cannot be signed by real names and can only be pen names. This is the rule.

Science popularization with Chinese characteristics

Due to China's large population, backward educational infrastructure and low per capita education level, the overall scientific literacy level of the public is relatively low. In addition, China is currently a country with uneven economic and social development. There are huge urban-rural, regional, and occupational differences in public scientific literacy. Therefore, China's science popularization is a multi-level three-dimensional project, which has richer content than the public understanding of science in the West, including popularizing scientific knowledge, advocating scientific methods, spreading scientific ideas, and promoting scientific spirit. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, science popularization has always been regarded as a public welfare undertaking and has received great attention from the government and all walks of life. Science popularization management and coordination agencies have been established, a large number of science popularization venues and facilities have been built, and various forms of science popularization have been carried out. Activity.

China's science popularization legislation

In June 2002, China promulgated the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology", which is the world's first science popularization law. In 2006, the State Council promulgated the "Outline of the National Science Literacy Action Plan". In 2009, Nanjing City promulgated the "Nanjing Science and Technology Popularization Regulations"

China Science Popularization Management and Activities Agency

New Since the founding of China, the Chinese government has always attached great importance to science popularization. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Science and Technology Popularization Bureau was established in the Ministry of Culture of the Central People's Government to lead and manage science popularization work across the country. Since then, special science popularization management agencies have been established in various departments and localities. The government has invested a lot of money to establish a number of national science popularization venues. From the central government to local governments, there are special funds for science popularization to support science popularization activities. China's current science popularization funding mainly comes from government allocations. All sectors of society, including the scientific and technological community, the media and publishing industry, urban communities, enterprises, etc., are actively involved in science popularization work.

National science popularization management agency

The Chinese government’s management and coordination agency for science popularization work is relatively centralized.

In order to overall manage and coordinate the science popularization activities of various departments and make all departments pay attention to science popularization work, in accordance with the provisions of the Science and Technology Popularization Law of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for formulating national science popularization work plans, implementing policy guidance, and conducting Supervise and inspect. In April 1996, a national science popularization joint conference system was established with the Ministry of Science and Technology as the leader unit and the Central Propaganda Department and China Association for Science and Technology as deputy leader units. The member units are composed of departments related to science popularization work in the central government, the State Council and mass organizations. . Subsequently, various parts of China also established a local science popularization joint meeting system, which provided an institutional guarantee for effectively mobilizing various forces to carry out science popularization work. In each system of the State Council, the science popularization functions of various ministries and commissions are carried out based on their main functions. The Ministry of Science and Technology has established a Science Popularization Division under the Department of Policies, Regulations and Institutional Reform. The functions of this office are: drafting national science popularization policies and regulations, organizing and coordinating major national science popularization activities, improving and implementing the science and technology commissioner system, etc. Among the agencies under the Ministry of Education, the Department of Basic Education, Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education, Department of Science and Technology, Department of Teacher Education, and Department of Physical Health and Art Education are involved in science and technology education and science popularization work to varying degrees according to their own functions. The main responsibilities of the Ministry of Health include: carrying out comprehensive health education, guiding the implementation of primary health care planning and maternal and infant health care technologies, and guiding the popularization and application of medical scientific and technological achievements. The Ministry of Agriculture plays an important role in rural science popularization work. The Department of Science, Technology and Education under the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the popularization of agricultural science and technology knowledge and the promotion of agricultural technology. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture also actively supports the science popularization work of the Chinese Agricultural Society.

Science popularization activity organization

Although the China Association for Science and Technology is a mass science and technology group, it plays an important role in the development of science and technology in China. One of its main functions is scientific Popularization of technology. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has made outstanding contributions to the popularization of science in China by organizing science popularization activities. The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology" clearly stipulates that the Association for Science and Technology is the main force in science popularization work, and it is responsible for the organization and implementation of science popularization work. A Science and Technology Popularization Department has been established in the China Association for Science and Technology, which is responsible for the science popularization work of the Association for Science and Technology system. There are 167 national societies affiliated to the China Association for Science and Technology, 138 of which have established science popularization working committees. China Popular Science Creation Association was established in 1979. Among the 22 directly affiliated institutions, 14 are engaged in science popularization, including the China Science and Technology Museum, Science Popularization Press, and China Science Popularization Research Institute. There have been 2,881 science and technology associations at or above the county level across the country, 65,482 societies, 10,674 enterprise science and technology associations, 328 college science and technology associations, 4,191 street science and technology associations, and 32,511 township science and technology associations and science popularization associations. The Science and Technology Association has formed the most comprehensive science popularization organization from the central to local governments. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is also an important department in China's science popularization activities. Its responsibilities in science popularization are to give full play to the advantages of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' dense high-tech talents and advanced scientific research facilities, strengthen the connection between various scientific research institutions and scientific and technological workers and the public; mobilize and organize the general public Scientists and scientific and technological workers promote scientific and technological knowledge in various forms; promote qualified scientific research units to open their research laboratories to the public, and conduct science popularization through various methods such as holding lectures and organizing visits. In order to give full play to the advantages of its own intellectual and facility resources and popularize the latest scientific and technological achievements of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the society in a timely and effective manner, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has established a science popularization leading group and a science popularization office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to be responsible for the science popularization work of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and actively carry out science popularization activities. The All-China Women's Federation (hereinafter referred to as the All-China Women's Federation) has a Women's Development Department, whose science popularization functions include: guiding local women's federations to organize women's cultural, scientific and technological training and vocational skills training; mobilizing and organizing women to participate in poverty alleviation, western development and ecological environment Construction, promoting rural women to rely on science and technology to get rich; guiding local women's federations to carry out "dual learning and double comparison" (learning culture, learning technology, comparing achievements, comparing contributions), "women's meritorious service" activities, etc. The functions of the Children's Work Department related to science popularization include: carrying out girls' work and promoting the development of girls; participating in promoting out-of-school education, coordinating and promoting the whole society to create a good social environment for the healthy growth of children, etc. In addition, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the Youth League of China and other departments have specialized institutions responsible for the popularization of science among employees and young people.

Science popularization venues and facilities

Science popularization venues and facilities are important places for science popularization and education to the public.

As of 2001, there were more than 240 science and technology museums in mainland China, including 21 science and technology museums, 8 comprehensive nature museums, 6 museums established in nature reserves, 115 professional natural history museums, agricultural There are about 50 professional technical museums such as aviation, aerospace, posts and telecommunications, railways, traditional Chinese medicine, coal, and military affairs, 38 aquariums, and 9 provincial-level comprehensive museums established by the Ministry of Nature.

Science and Technology Museum

Science and Technology Museum refers to a comprehensive science popularization place. Its main functions are: exhibition education, training education, and experimental education. The first phase of the 20,000-square-meter China Science and Technology Museum was completed and opened to the public in 1988; the second phase of the 20,000-square-meter project was completed on the 50th anniversary of the National Day in 1999, and was officially opened to the public at the turn of the millennium. The display content of the new exhibition hall of the second phase of the China Science and Technology Museum focuses on reflecting the trend of scientific and technological development in the new century and reflecting the major areas of China's national economic development, mainly including: aviation and aerospace, life sciences, environmental science, information technology, energy and transportation There are more than 300 exhibits in different fields such as materials and manufacturing technology, and basic science, as well as about 400 exhibits on ancient Chinese scientific and technological achievements. The dome-screen auditorium of China Science and Technology Museum is one of the largest dome-screen auditoriums in the world. In 2006, a new China Science and Technology Museum with a construction area of ??approximately 120,000 square meters will be erected in the Olympic Park. Its more modern facilities will make it one of the three largest science and technology museums in the world. The Shanghai Science and Technology Museum is a large-scale science popularization activity venue invested and established by the local government. The ninth Informal Leaders' Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) held in Shanghai, China, in October 2001, was held at the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. Haier Science and Technology Museum is China's first modern science and technology museum funded by an enterprise. It was founded in 1998 and officially opened to foreign guests in 1999. Haier Science and Technology Museum is a large-scale modern exhibition hall based on corporate culture and integrating technology, culture, tourism and entertainment.

Professional Natural History Museums

Currently, there are 115 professional natural history museums in mainland China, including 30 dinosaur and other biological museums, 15 planetariums, and 70 geological museums. The advanced technology used in the Changzhou Chinese Dinosaur Park can be regarded as a model for the Chinese Museum of Natural History. The Dinosaur Park uses scene creation techniques to recreate the unique living environment of the Mesozoic Era with splashing waterfalls, cold rocks, waterless oceans, dense jungles, primitive caves, etc. The fossil display uses different techniques, through high-tech means and the use of sound and light, combined with film and television imaging, cartoon animation, dinosaur replicas, online games and various technological productions, etc., making the Chinese Dinosaur Museum break through the concept of traditional museums. It will become a shocking new modern dinosaur museum integrating museum, science popularization, viewing, entertainment and participation. The Chinese Dinosaur Museum has five main halls and six auxiliary halls. The total area of ??the entire museum is more than 20,000 square meters, and the highest point of the dome reaches 36 meters. Each department is related to each other through logical routes, with divisions and combinations. Taking the history of biological evolution as the design background, it focuses on the main conceptual line of dinosaurs from survival, reproduction, evolution to destruction, revealing the profound theme that life and the environment are interdependent, and that humans must protect ecology and the environment.

Science popularization education base

Using existing science and technology activity resources and opening it to the public to a certain extent, it is also an important part of China's science popularization facilities. In 1996, the National Science and Technology Commission and the Chinese Academy of Sciences identified the first batch of pilot bases for popular science education open to the public, including the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Chemistry, the Institute of Botany, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology, and the Institute of Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Computer Research Center.

Science Popularization Caravan Science Popularization Train

The "Science Popularization Caravan" was developed and produced by the China Association for Science and Technology in accordance with the development requirements of China's science popularization work. The purpose is to carry out science and technology popularization in remote areas. , scientific and technological consulting, and holding popular science exhibitions. The science popularization caravan has five functions, including on-board science and technology popularization exhibits and education, display board publicity and education, science and technology film and television broadcast education, giving away science and technology popularization materials and books, and a mobile science and technology popularization publicity stage. It is known as the "mobile science and technology museum" ". The science popularization caravan was put into use in January 2001. It has carried out a large number of science popularization activities in the vast rural areas of central and western China and has been warmly welcomed by rural residents. In 2002, the "Science Popularization Caravan" traveled in 17 provinces, cities, and districts across the country and held about 100,000 science popularization reports and lectures in various places, with tens of millions of listeners.

In 2002, China launched the "Science Popularization Train" for the western region and the old, young, border and poor areas. It mainly carries out science popularization exhibitions, reports, lectures, agricultural technology consultation, medical technology training, wealth-making experience transfer, and science popularization film screenings. and other activities. In May 2002, a popular science train with the theme of "Promoting Scientific Civilization and Serving the People in Old Areas" departed from Beijing and carried out publicity in 14 counties and cities in Hebei, Henan, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces along the Beijing-Kowloon (Beijing-Hong Kong-Kowloon) Railway. Service activities. In October 2002, a popular science train with the theme of “Promoting Scientific Civilization and Promoting the Development of the Western Region” sailed from Beijing to the northwest, serving 9 counties (banners and cities) along the railway lines in 3 provinces and districts including Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, and Gansu. Services are provided to people of all ethnic groups. Wherever he goes, he is popular.

Large-scale science popularization activities

China's large-scale science popularization activities include science and technology weeks, large-scale science popularization exhibitions, science and technology going to the countryside, etc. Science and Technology Activity Week is one of the important science popularization activities in China. Although affected by the SARS epidemic in 2003, the National Science and Technology Week activities were still held online as scheduled. The theme is "Rely on science to defeat SARS". The activities of National Science and Technology Week are very rich. Agencies related to science popularization activities in various provinces and cities across the country have taken actions to promote science and technology and promote dialogue between the public and science. Every year, the National Science Popularization Joint Meeting of Science and Technology Week forms a theme through consultation, and various departments organize various forms of science popularization activities around this theme. The 2004 National Science and Technology Activity Week, with the theme of "People-oriented science and technology, building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way", was launched nationwide from May 15th to 21st. The National Science and Technology Activity Week in 2004 was rich in content and diverse in form, highlighted in three aspects: focusing on promoting the scientific outlook on development, emphasizing that science and technology serve "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers), and paying attention to science education for minors. Major activities include holding a large-scale theme exhibition and a large-scale science and technology garden party in Beijing on the theme of "People-oriented science and technology, building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way"; holding a large-scale science popularization event on "Enriching the People with Science and Technology" in Xibaipo, Hebei Province; and holding a "Revitalizing the Northeast, Serving Agriculture, Rural Areas and Rural Areas, Science and Technology Train" in Heilongjiang. "Longjiang Tour" large-scale activities, etc. Although comprehensive science popularization activities such as Science and Technology Week and Science and Technology Month are short-lived, their impact is very broad. By holding large-scale science popularization activities on a regular basis, it mobilizes the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel for scientific communication, promotes the public's learning and understanding of science and technology, and expands social influence. At the same time, in conjunction with major international and domestic festivals, relevant national science popularization units actively carry out various forms of science popularization activities. Such as International Meteorological Day, World Health Day, World Environment Day, World Earth Day, International Museum Day, National Arbor Day, National Energy Conservation Week, etc. All relevant units will publicize public opinion through newspapers, radio, television, Internet, etc. according to the situation of the festival. Tools to promote corresponding scientific knowledge in the form of science knowledge contests, speeches or large-scale theatrical performances. Science popularization activities for rural areas place more emphasis on the dissemination of practical technologies. Since 1996, various regions have carried out extensive activities to bring culture, science and technology, and health to the countryside every spring and winter, and have organized more than 10 million scientific and technological personnel to go to the countryside to help rural cadres and the masses improve their cultural and scientific quality. These activities are interspersed with popular science lectures. According to statistics, in 2002 alone, the China Association for Science and Technology held nearly 90,000 lectures, with more than 3 million participants. "Thanks to the government departments' emphasis on and support for science popularization, China now has the best science popularization environment in the world." - The famous Chinese mathematician Chen Shengshen has traveled to many places in the world. After comparing the conditions of science popularization work in China, he has a deep understanding of China's science popularization work. Express my heartfelt admiration for the science popularization environment

The definition of science popularization

With a clear and recognized definition, it is easier to know the basis of the discussion and draw consistent conclusions. The process of telling your own arguments and conclusions and allowing readers to verify that this conclusion is a repeatable rule (scientific) is called science popularization. Superstition is a form of communication that does not want the listener to verify it, but only wants the listener to accept the stated point of view. Acceptance without verification is also superstitious. Teaching science to people who are incapable of understanding or verifying it should be called enlightenment education. It is mostly used to teach scientific knowledge to children when they do not yet know basic scientific verification methods. This does not apply to theoretical confrontations, where the main focus is on evidence. School textbooks are standard popular science reading materials that can withstand scrutiny and experimental verification.

Starting from this definition, the practice of blindly pushing some "scientist" conclusions to the public, such as a brief history of time, without a strict reasoning process, is not popular science. It can be regarded as enlightenment at best, that is, for those who do not know or understand the theory of relativity. People can read it, and popular science books should be like textbooks. For each experimental argument, the prerequisites, expected results, and experimental results must be clearly stated, so that readers can verify it. The textbooks in our school are the most common popular science reading materials. Using this popular science definition is a scientific definition that is verifiable and repeatable. There is no strict definition of "scientist", and popular science books do not need to be written by scientists! Someone defines science popularization this way: “Science and technology popularization refers to activities that popularize natural science and social science knowledge, spread scientific ideas, promote scientific spirit, advocate scientific methods, and promote the application of science and technology in a way that is easy for the public to understand, accept, and participate in. "Einstein used this method to "popularize" his theory of relativity: "A man sits by the stove for five minutes, and he feels like an hour has passed; a man chats with the girl he likes, and for an hour, he feels like an hour has passed. Five minutes. So time is relative." It is indeed a statement that is easy for the public to understand, but this is wrong! Science is an objective law that does not depend on human will. The time defined by science is a unified time agreed by all reference systems, otherwise it is not scientific time. The scientific spirit is the attitude of questioning everything. No matter who said it, we will only recognize it as scientific if there are no exceptions. This definition is exactly similar to my definition of enlightenment. See the encyclopedia entry: Enlightenment, Enlightenment Education.