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Was Zhang Guojun killed and surrendered in the battle?

So far, there are three theories about Zhang's death: the mainstream "homicide" theory; The mainstream "suicide theory" of the Kuomintang; And Chinese mainland's non-mainstream "prisoner-killing theory".

1, killed.

Zhang was killed in the cave of his command post. On May 30th, the East China Field Army Chen (Yi), Su (Yi), Tan (Zhenlin) and Yi jointly called the Central Military Commission. The original telegram reads as follows:

Liu Deng Military Commission:

(1) according to the final inspection, Zhang, the division commander of the 74th division and Lu Xingyu, the brigade commander of the 58th brigade, were killed by He Fengshan, deputy head of the 6th longitudinal special regiment, at 2 pm on 16. When the deputy head of the mission approached the cave where Zhang and others were hiding, the adjutant of the division said that it was Zhang and others' cave, which was still in the prisoner's office.

(2) It was also found out that Chen Chuanjun, deputy brigade commanders Pi and Chen, chief of staff Wei Zhenyu, deputy chief of staff, deputy brigade commander He, and deputy director of the division's information office Zhao were all captured and are currently living in a wild prison camp.

The 30th Day of Chen Su Beach Village

2. Suicide theory

Zhang and other senior officers collectively "committed suicide calmly" in the cave, which was the original version of the Kuomintang's post-war public propaganda. After Zhang and his 74th division were annihilated, Chiang Kai-shek received Zhang's suicide note, which read:

"Today, the situation deteriorated, drinking water was cut off, food and ammunition were exhausted, and the whole division was isolated and surrounded. I fought with the generals to the end. In order to report to the party, the state and the leaders, I sent soldiers and subordinates, and I am determined to serve the principal for many years. "

1On May 29th, 947, Chiang Kai-shek published the article "Telling the officers and men of the national army to commemorate Mr. Zhang", informing all the officers and men of the Kuomintang and praising Zhang's "suicide". The article says:

"It can die indomitable, which is a great honor for our revolutionary soldiers, such as all the officers and men of our 74th Division who died heroically in the recent Battle of Lunan.

The inspector will win this time and go deep into the enemy's lair. When it entered the area near Tambu, it met more than four columns of enemy troops. There was a bloody battle for four days and nights, one after another, and it was black and blue. The fiercer the battle, the greater the strength. It was ordered to retreat to Meng Lianggu Heights, where cliffs piled up and its targets were exposed, forming a bomb nest. Within a few days, people died one after another, drinking water was cut off, food and ammunition were exhausted, and the whole division was fighting alone.

Although the officers and men of the division know that they can't complete the task, they still take it as their duty to obey orders completely. With one heart and one mind, make persistent efforts, hold your ground and swear to live or die together. More than 10,000 officers and men, including deputy brigade commander 1 0, and more than 20 senior generals, including Zhang, deputy division commander, brigade commander Lu Xing, and colonel Zhou, took part in the battle.

Oh! Sadness and bravery are unprecedented, so we can't be sad and angry, to avenge my brave soldiers and inherit their legacy! It seems that the spirit of meticulous integrity in the face of difficulties and the spirit of giving orders in the face of danger have enabled us to carry forward the lofty military virtues of our revolutionary soldiers, and we are worthy of being faithful followers of our Prime Minister's Three People's Principles. "

3. The theory of killing prisoners

After Zhang was captured, he was shot by a soldier who violated discipline. The so-called captive theory means that Zhang was first captured by the People's Liberation Army and later shot and killed by the PLA soldiers who were in charge of escorting him.

Although this statement is the most representative, it is a textual research article entitled "The Mystery of Zhang's Despair in the Battle" published in the seventh issue of Centennial Tide Journal sponsored by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The author said that he "interviewed Cui Weizheng, director of the Party History Research Office of Linyi Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and other comrades who participated in the investigation of Zhang's death and the textual research of his remains.

The most weighty article is the memoir "Flying Soldiers Fighting in Meng Lianggu" by Wang Bicheng, commander of the sixth column of East China Field Army at that time. This is based on the so-called "field investigation", that is, a return visit to the battlefield after more than half a century.

Extended data

After the war, Ye Fei, commander of 1 longitudinal, once mentioned that if 1 longitudinal can preempt Meng Lianggu at that time and attack the 74th Division retreating on the highway together with other columns, it may be possible to destroy the 74th Division within five hours. Visible at this time, the 74th division to seize Meng Lianggu is the best policy.

When Zhang decided to occupy, more consideration was to be able to rely on this commanding height to hold his ground as soon as possible and then fight back, just like when he met the PLA attack on the Linmeng highway half a month ago, he did not intend to hold on.

Because there are stone mountains everywhere in Meng Lianggu, it is impossible to build fortifications and there is no water source. Not suitable as a tactical support point. It is a "Jedi" in the army, and most of the ammunition carried by the 74th Division itself has been exhausted. The best policy is to return to Duozhuang as soon as possible, instead of fighting the People's Liberation Army in Meng Lianggu.

But if Zhang Fuling wants to go again, it's up to him. Because the Commander-in-Chief of the Kuomintang Army, after receiving the telegram of its occupation of Meng Lianggu, thought that the 74th Division occupied the commanding heights, had a superior geographical position, and with its strong fighting capacity, there were powerful peripheral troops nearby, which was a good opportunity to fight a decisive battle with the main force of the East China People's Liberation Army, so Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered the 74th Division to stick to it and attract the main force of the People's Liberation Army to blossom to a center!

Therefore, Xuzhou headquarters and 1 Corps successively ordered the 74th Division to stick to the center for assistance according to this plan of the high command. Zhang was going to break through, but he finally gave up his plan because of the continuous orders from his superiors. At this time, the situation of the people's liberation army's encirclement has not yet formed. If the 74th Division really wants to break through with all its strength, there is still a great possibility of success.

However, Zhang's consideration of the breakthrough first violated the order, and secondly, he was bound to lose a lot of heavy equipment. Even if he succeeds in breaking through, he will be punished. And if you follow orders and insist on assistance, at least the 74th Division has a complete organizational system and controls the commanding heights, and the distance between friends and neighbors is only a few kilometers. With the strong fighting capacity of the 74th Division, it is natural to persist for a day or two.

As Zhang said to his men: "According to this favorable terrain, as long as friendly troops come quickly, it is possible to fight well!" Of course, if you want to play well, it depends not only on whether the 74th Division can hold on, but also on whether your friends and neighbors can come quickly. In any case, Zhang finally decided to obey orders and stick to them, which led to the final collapse of the 74th Division.

In the face of the People's Liberation Army, the 74th Division stayed in the waterless Jedi Meng Lianggu for three days without losing its true colors. However, the reinforcements from its friendly neighboring countries arrived late, which finally failed to make the center blossom and bear fruit, and put the 74th Division on the road of total annihilation.

Therefore, the key to Meng Lianggu's campaign is not the 74th Division itself. Zhang himself had a hunch about this. In his letter to Chiang Kai-shek on May 6, he wrote: "Those who demonstrated their national army on the battlefield, the brave let themselves go, afraid to listen to their foot-binding, and the victims sacrificed. The smart people think they have succeeded. It's hard to appreciate. Every time you are punished, you should look at each other and seldom cooperate. Strange strange bedfellows. "

These points hit the nail on the head. No matter whether Zhang's leadership is out of his own will or under the pressure of his superiors, the key point is that the strange strange bedfellows among the various units of the Kuomintang army is fragmented and has no overall concept. If the 25th and 83rd Divisions had gone all out to help from the beginning, and the 1 1 Divisions of the second echelon, the 65th Division, the 48th Division and the 7th Army could have gone all out, then this would not have happened at all.

Therefore, it was no accident that the 74th Division fell in Meng Lianggu. If these problems within the Kuomintang army are not solved, they will be in other places, even if they are not in Meng Lianggu. Therefore, boarding Meng Lianggu is not the key, but the contradiction within the Kuomintang army is the crux. This problem not only destroyed the 74th Division in Meng Lianggu, but also eventually lost the whole war.