How to promote the reform of energy supply system 1000 words

The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for China's economic growth to change from speed to quality, and energy development has also stood at a new historical turning point, reaching a critical stage from "big" to "strong". This fundamental change is a profound change in China's economic and social fields. We must clearly understand and plan ahead with a longer and broader vision, grasp the new position and advantages of international competition from the height of energy resources security and sustainable development, and establish the key points and measures of energy strategy.

1. Formulate an energy strategy and define the development direction and path in 2050.

To build an energy power, we must follow the following principles and formulate a long-term, nationwide and operable energy development strategy from a global perspective: based on the next 50 years, at least considering 2050. According to the law of energy development, the proportion of a new energy source in the total energy supply has increased from 1% to 50%, and the average replacement period is 1 0,000 years. The construction period of large-scale energy system generally takes 20-30 years, and the period from the beginning of research to the popularization and application of new energy takes 30-50 years. Therefore, energy development must have a long-term strategic vision. Based on overall planning. First, to coordinate energy and economic development, we should not only ensure the needs of economic and social development, but also set the total consumption control target of fossil energy, determine the reasonable development speed, industrial structure and consumption mode, and promote the transformation of economic development mode; Second, coordinating domestic and foreign countries, we should not only develop a global multi-energy supply system, but also solve the energy gap based on domestic conditions; Third, coordinate external factors such as energy, resources and transportation, and build a new coal transportation channel as soon as possible, that is, Zhungeer to Jining-Zhenglanqi-Duolun-paddock-Lingyuan to Suizhong Zhizhao Bay, so as to ensure that Caofeidian and Zhizhao Bay become the throat positions of China's energy channels; Fourth, coordinate the development of various energy departments and links, rationally plan coal transportation and marketing, rationally arrange thermal power and nuclear power, and coordinate the development of power supply and power grid. Based on the national conditions, adhere to local conditions. The construction of large-scale bases and long-distance transportation are not the only ways. From the development trend, small-scale, low-voltage, decentralized and locally absorbed new energy and distributed energy should be encouraged. For those that do not have long-distance transportation conditions and cannot be absorbed locally, development or standby can be suspended to avoid unnecessary waste. On the basis of economy, the system and mechanism of giving priority to energy conservation will be formed. According to the principle that scientific supply meets reasonable demand, the growth rate and total consumption of energy consumption should be controlled reasonably. Based on scientific and technological innovation, seize the historical opportunity of the new round of energy revolution in the world and improve the technological added value content of the whole energy supply.

2. Improve the energy security system to ensure the safe supply of energy.

Establish and implement the energy security concept of mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified development and coordinated security, pay full attention to the supply security of oil and gas in coal ball, and provide energy guarantee for national security and economic security. Take comprehensive measures to ensure oil safety. First, strengthen the exploration and development of domestic oil and gas resources and maintain the long-term stability of oil supply; Second, join the international cooperation framework as much as possible, fully enter the international market, especially actively participate in futures and spot trading, and regard the market as the main means to obtain petroleum products; Third, gradually establish and improve the strategic oil reserve system and early warning system, at the same time establish and improve the spot reserve, and pay close attention to the construction of oil futures reserve; Fourth, consider financial security and oil security together, establish a conversion mechanism between foreign exchange reserves and oil reserves, make the huge domestic foreign exchange reserves serve national economic security and energy security, coordinate relevant financial institutions and petroleum and petrochemical enterprises, strive for international oil pricing power, and effectively avoid international oil price risks; Fifth, actively and steadily promote oil substitution. Improve the level of safe, efficient and clean mining and utilization of coal. On the basis of completing the rectification of coal mine management system, efforts should be made to solve the problem of coal safety production; The development of coal has been adjusted from expanding production scale to building a safe, efficient and modern coal industry. Establish a uranium reserve mechanism and build the first batch of reserves. Accelerate the exploration of domestic uranium resources and use foreign uranium resources as much as possible under the condition of maintaining a certain reserve. Build a safe, economical, stable and intelligent power grid and power system, and improve the power grid's ability to resist military strikes, terrorist activities and natural disasters.

3. Effectively solve the problem of structural adjustment and lay the foundation for optimizing the energy structure.

The major adjustment of energy structure will take a long time. It took more than 20 years for countries such as Europe and America to achieve diversification and greatly reduce their dependence on coal and oil. In order to optimize China's energy structure, more effective measures must be taken. Draw lessons from the accident at Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan and prudently develop nuclear power on the basis of ensuring safety and independent innovation. The first is to ensure that the risks are controllable. Establish an effective mechanism to control risks such as safety and reliability, nuclear waste disposal, environmental impact and nuclear fuel supply, improve the pre-licensing system for new power stations, comprehensively evaluate safety and reliability, and provide opportunities for the public to participate in the assessment. The second is to realize the localization of key components as soon as possible, accelerate the pace of independence in the design and manufacture of nuclear power equipment, build a nuclear power design, production and supply industrial cluster in China, and pay attention to standardization. The third is to speed up the training of nuclear power talents. Innovating mechanism to solve the problems of orderly hydropower development and ecological protection migration. First, encourage all investors to set up joint-stock development companies covering the whole basin, optimize the development sequence with the principle of best benefit, and earnestly achieve unified planning, unified standards and coordinated construction. Second, pay attention to public participation and establish and improve the compensation mechanism for ecological protection. The third is to change the practice of simply compensating immigrants, promote the reform of transforming the land transfer right of immigrants into capital investment, and earnestly safeguard the rights and interests of immigrants. Coordinate supporting policies to support the development of new energy. First, establish a coordination mechanism for new energy development, unify and coordinate new energy policies, and avoid the situation that multiple policies affect the overall effect of policies. Second, adjust the focus of policy support, from supporting scale to supporting technological progress, from supporting midstream industries and equipment manufacturing to supporting upstream R&D and downstream applications, and encourage enterprises to realize commercial operation through technological innovation, cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Taking the development of natural gas as an important way to optimize the energy structure and accelerate development. First, adjust the current development strategy of natural gas relying on oil, and introduce policies to support the development of natural gas and improve its market competitiveness. Second, vigorously strengthen the development of natural gas pipeline network and terminal consumption, coordinate the planning of the upper, middle and lower reaches of natural gas, and establish a fair and flexible natural gas price formation mechanism as soon as possible. Third, actively promote private enterprises to enter the market of coalbed methane and rock gas development, unify the management of resources and infrastructure for coalbed methane development, and make coalbed methane and unconventional natural gas become important supplementary gas sources. Fourth, the construction of gas storage should be incorporated into the construction of energy and municipal infrastructure, and the site selection and construction of gas storage should be done as soon as possible to ensure the safety of gas supply.

4. Establish the priority principle of energy conservation and emission reduction, and comprehensively improve energy efficiency.

Cultivate the carbon emission trading market and mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to reduce emissions through market incentive mechanism. Allow energy-intensive enterprises to choose voluntary emission reduction agreements to reduce emissions; Make full use of CDM mechanism to obtain international emission reduction funds and undertake the transfer and diffusion of energy-saving emission reduction technologies; Gradually introduce a carbon banking system, establish carbon accounts of regional and important enterprises, and encourage carbon trading. Establish a green tax system and support the development of green and low-carbon economy through fiscal and taxation means. Raise resource tax and environmental compensation standards, and reflect the cost of environmental damage and resource depletion into energy prices; Reduce the export tax rebate for products with high energy consumption or even levy export tariffs, and reduce the export of energy in the form of energy-carrying products; Raise the consumption tax on energy and increase the cost of energy use; Study the introduction of carbon tax, implement preferential loan discount policy for technological transformation projects that implement energy conservation and emission reduction, and intensify technological transformation in industries with high energy consumption, high consumables, high emissions and low efficiency; Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional thermal power units, popularize clean coal utilization technology, and improve power generation efficiency. According to the economic development level and environmental capacity of the eastern and western regions, the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction in the central and western regions should be scientifically arranged to avoid unnecessary administrative means. Determine the industry energy consumption standards and implement the survival of the fittest. Determine the advanced energy consumption benchmark of each industry as the reward and punishment benchmark, so as to make the industry have standards for energy saving and avoid the surprise "sprint" index at the end of the year.

5. Increase investment in energy science and technology, and clarify relevant technical routes.

Increase investment in scientific research in the energy field, substantially increase the proportion of investment in energy research and development, and encourage innovation. Concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources to organize scientific and technological research on major energy issues, study and track the changing trend of major energy technologies, implement technical demonstration of major energy projects, and clarify relevant technical routes and development goals. Encourage venture capital, equity investment and other funds to participate in the research and development of new energy technologies; Encourage independent research and development of energy enterprises, give tax incentives to the research and development expenses invested by enterprises, and provide strong technical support for the long-term sustainable development of energy; Increase support for the industrialization of energy science and technology achievements and strive to reduce the cost of commercial application of energy technology.

6. Cultivate energy enterprises with sustainable development capability and international competitiveness.

Improve the industry management system, establish an equal market access system and a fair competition market mechanism, and give birth to multinational energy enterprise groups with strong international competitiveness, independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands. Encourage and support private enterprises to become bigger and stronger, make them become the new force of energy enterprises, and broaden the new mechanism for energy enterprises to become bigger and stronger. Change the assessment methods of the operating performance of central enterprises, and eradicate the behavior of quick success and instant benefit, fishing with exhausted resources and publicizing political achievements. For energy enterprises in the competitive field, the total profit is no longer assessed, but the level of unit asset profit rate and asset-liability ratio and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction are assessed, so as to guide energy enterprises in the competitive field to pursue tangible economic benefits and investment safety; For energy enterprises in monopoly areas such as power grid enterprises, the ranking of total assets and total profits will no longer be assessed, but the level of transmission and distribution of effective assets of units will be assessed instead, so as to guide power grid enterprises to improve efficiency and reduce costs and encourage them to actively consume new energy power such as wind power. Encourage scientific and technological innovation and technological progress of enterprises, improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, and make energy enterprises embark on the road of connotative sustainable development.

7. Deepen reform and improve the energy management system.

System is the guarantee to achieve strategic and planning goals. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, there must be a new breakthrough in the system reform, which is the key link to ensure the development of energy from large to strong. Establish a unified energy management department and effectively transform government functions. Only by establishing a brand-new modern energy management system with legal rights and responsibilities, clear functions and meeting the requirements of the country's long-term strategic development, reform and national energy security can we achieve historic changes and make great strides and lay an efficient and modern institutional framework and foundation for the development in the next few decades. Administrative functions such as administrative examination and approval should be gradually weakened. The functions of the government are mainly embodied in: formulating energy strategies, planning and policies, regulating and controlling the total energy balance, ensuring energy security, adjusting the energy structure, promoting energy conservation, carrying out international energy cooperation, managing the statistical release, forecasting and early warning of energy information, establishing a fair, just and open market environment and competitive environment, and supporting the progress of energy technology. Promote market-oriented reform in the energy sector and introduce an effective competition mechanism. First, in the power industry, establish a competitive and open power market, reform the electricity price formation mechanism, establish a new electricity price system with the same quality and the same price in the same network, and form a new system for the power grid to absorb new energy. Second, in the oil and gas industry, speed up the reform of the oil and gas price formation mechanism and reduce the direct government intervention in oil and gas prices; Establish a nationwide pipe network company, separate transmission and distribution, break regional monopoly, and encourage the three major oil and gas groups to enter each other's regions to carry out business, forming an all-round competition pattern; Relax restrictions on private capital entering oil and gas exploration, exploitation, pipeline transportation, petrochemical industry, oil circulation and other fields (including wholesale and retail links); Encourage social capital to enter the construction of natural gas pipeline network and strengthen the price supervision of pipeline network facilities with natural monopoly characteristics; Establish and improve the oil safety early warning mechanism and strategic oil reserve system. Third, in the coal industry, establish the spot market and futures market of coal to promote the wide application of clean coal technology, so that the basic position of China's coal industry in the overall national energy strategy can be reflected.

8. Establish and improve the energy legal system to ensure energy reform and development.

The basic goals of energy legal system construction should be: to provide a legal basis for the new energy management system and create a good legal environment for the prosperity of energy enterprises; Establish a new system pattern of "government macro-control, industry self-discipline service, independent operation of enterprises and management of state-owned assets according to law"; Establish a set of energy legal principles; Building a unified, open, competitive and orderly energy market; Adjust the legal relationship between energy production, management, market, price and safety, and standardize the rights and obligations of energy investors, producers, operators and users; Solve the outstanding and difficult problems in energy reform and development. The focus of energy legislation should be based on promoting and standardizing the energy administrative management system and energy marketization reform. At present, the reform of energy industry has reached a critical stage, and the transformation of government functions has become a restrictive factor for deepening reform. Government departments are the leaders, organizers and promoters of the reform, and every key step of the reform depends on the government's decision-making and implementation. The primary problem to be solved in energy legislation is how the government manages energy according to law and promotes reform. The construction of energy legal system has a long way to go, and the overall thinking must be clear. First, legislation and reform are synchronized; The second is to formulate a legislative plan and implement it step by step; Third, under the principle of establishing the upper law first and then the lower law, according to the actual situation and needs, quickly establish a mature one; Fourth, actively support local energy legislation and give full play to the role of local legislation; Fifth, adhere to the road of democratic legislation and scientific legislation.