Does human factors have a great impact on traffic safety?

There are many reasons that affect the safety and smoothness of road traffic in our country. They can be summarized into the following five types:

First, the contradiction between traffic supply and demand is increasingly intensifying. In 2002, the number of cars in the country was nearly 21.41 million, 5.9 times that of 1986. There are 91.47 million motor vehicle drivers in the country, 9.1 times the number in 1986. The national highway passenger volume reached 14.66 billion and the highway freight volume reached 11.06 billion tons, which were 2.7 times and 1.8 times respectively in 1986. In 2002, the per capita road area in cities across the country was approximately 8 square meters, far lower than the 25 square meters per capita level in developed countries. There are less than 20 parking spaces per 100 cars in 36 major cities, making parking in central urban areas difficult. With the growth of passenger and freight volume and motor vehicle ownership, road construction and safety management facilities are far from being able to meet the development of the situation. This is an important reason for the increased risk of traffic accidents and a significant increase in road congestion and blockage.

Second, the urban road network structure is unreasonable, the quality of the roads is low, and the traffic conditions are poor. Urban roads have many bottlenecks, dead ends, and deformed intersections. Many cities are keen on building main roads and do not pay attention to the construction of secondary roads and branch roads. The road density is low, the traffic flow is too concentrated, and the proportion of main and secondary roads and branch roads is seriously imbalanced, especially at the transition or connection intersections between main and secondary roads. , the road section has low traffic capacity. Due to historical reasons, a considerable number of roads are of low grade and poor quality. 86% of the roads are roads below grade 3 and roads outside the grade. Some highways have serious flaws in their alignment design, resulting in sharp bends, continuous curves, steep slopes or long continuous roads. There are slopes, wide roads and narrow bridges, and there is a lack of signs, markings and safety protection facilities.

Third, the overall composition of road vehicles is unreasonable and their safety performance is poor. By the end of 2002, the number of motor vehicles in my country exceeded 100 million, of which 21.41 million were cars, accounting for only 26.85%. Most of them were motorcycles, agricultural transport vehicles, tractors and other low-safety vehicles. Problems such as "large tonnage and small standard" freight vehicles, over-length, over-width, over-large tonnage, as well as a large number of assembled and assembled motorcycles, low-quality agricultural transport vehicles and simple motor vehicles are very prominent. The traffic patterns of mixed traffic of people and vehicles, and mixed traffic of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles directly affect the efficiency and safety of road traffic.

Fourth, violations of traffic regulations are very common and traffic order is poor. The overall traffic legal awareness, traffic safety awareness and traffic civilization awareness of the citizens are not high, and the road traffic order is poor. In 2002, police across the country handled 259 million traffic violations and punished 197 million people. Illegal traffic and chaotic traffic order are the direct causes that affect traffic efficiency, cause traffic congestion, endanger traffic safety, and lead to traffic accidents.

Fifth, the overall level of road traffic management is not high. At present, my country's road construction and transportation organization lack scientific overall planning, the road network structure is unreasonable, and the design standards of road construction are low, functions are insufficient, facilities are incomplete, and traffic capacity is low. The traffic structure is unreasonable, especially the development of public transportation is lagging behind. The development and utilization rate of existing road resources is not high, the management level is low, and the scientific and technological content is low.

People are the dominant factor in traffic safety. The key to traffic safety lies in people. What kind of attitude people have towards traffic safety will determine what kind of results they will have. Accident statistics show that 80%-85% of traffic accidents are caused by human factors. Among all types of traffic participants, drivers are the most important. There are many factors that affect drivers, including short-term factors and sustained factors. Short-term factors include fatigue, emotion, alcohol effects, drug effects, pathological effects, etc. Sustained factors include intelligence, driving skills and driving habits, personality and attitude. , physical illness, sensory impairment, etc. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to ensure road traffic safety to study and analyze the factors that affect driver behavior, strictly control drivers' compliance with laws, skills, and physical fitness, and strengthen the education and management of the driver team.

Cars are a key factor in traffic safety. What kind of situation and type of car there will be, what kind of traffic safety results will there be. Compared with bicycles and other non-motorized vehicles, motor vehicles are the most powerful vehicles and are the “culprit” of many traffic accidents.

Different types of vehicles and different performances will cause different accident consequences. As far as a certain vehicle itself is concerned, the main factors affecting the safety performance of motor vehicles include steering systems, braking systems, wheels and tires, lights, etc., according to relevant statistics , traffic accidents caused by vehicle factors account for 5% in developed countries and 10% in developing countries. Therefore, the national technical supervision department must strictly control the technical aspects of vehicles, the traffic police department must strictly control vehicle inspections, and transportation companies and vehicle owners must strictly control vehicle repair and maintenance, so that vehicles that are unqualified or in poor safety and technical condition do not leave the factory. Only by staying off the road can traffic safety be ensured.

Roads are a basic factor in traffic safety. According to statistics, 10% of traffic accidents are directly related to road conditions. Whether the design of the road is reasonable, whether the quality is up to standard, whether the grade is in place, whether the traffic facilities such as signs, slogans, and markings are complete, eye-catching, and effective are directly related to traffic safety. At present, there are still road conditions in many places that are not compatible with the needs of modern transportation development: first, most of the road networks in cities were formed in the horse-drawn carriage era and are not compatible with the high speed of motor vehicles; second, the construction of roads itself is a This kind of slow change, while the development of vehicle traffic volume itself is a fast change, the development of roads is not compatible with the development of vehicles; thirdly, human factors only play a role in the planning, design and construction of roads, while vehicles are constantly changing. Human factors are at work all the time. People are conscious and social. Therefore, roads and vehicles are incompatible with each other in terms of consciousness and sociality. To enhance road traffic safety, this maladaptive status quo must be changed.

Traffic environment is a comprehensive factor in traffic safety. Traffic environment is a very familiar term to traffic participants. However, a considerable number of people often ignore the traffic environment when participating in traffic, resulting in accidents that should not have happened. The traffic environment changes as conditions change. Different means of transportation, different road conditions, different seasons, different weather conditions, and different traffic participants all have different traffic environments. Therefore, traffic participants must pay attention to the traffic environment, be familiar with the traffic environment, adopt different participation methods for different traffic environments, and take active risk avoidance measures in order to enjoy traffic resources and ensure safe travel.

The four major elements of people, vehicles, roads and traffic environment have different impacts on the traffic process. People have the greatest impact on traffic safety. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the factors that affect traffic safety. human factor. Experience at home and abroad proves that traffic safety education is the most important means for us to reduce unsafe factors. It is necessary to carry out traffic safety publicity with great fanfare and spare no effort to improve the public's traffic legal concepts and traffic safety awareness.