Seeking Chinese learning methods

Seventeen methods of Chinese recitation

Reciting articles occupies a large proportion in middle school textbooks, and many students are afraid of "reciting". How can we strengthen our memory and get twice the result with half the effort?

1. Comprehension mnemonics

Recite on the basis of preliminary understanding. The deeper you understand, the easier it is to remember. Reciting texts should use meaningful memories as much as possible, which not only strengthens understanding and memory. We should oppose the learning method of reading without asking for much understanding. When reciting an article or a paragraph, we should first read through the whole text to find out the main idea of the article, then understand the level and context of the article, grasp the language characteristics of the article and master some related words and sentences. Analyze and synthesize first, and it will be much faster to recite. Recitation should also be based on the text, such as reciting argumentative essays, which can start with analyzing arguments, arguments and arguments; Reciting narratives can start with understanding and mastering relevant facts and narrative order.

2. Fast reading method

Recitation is the result of being familiar with written materials on the basis of reading aloud and silently. After you have a preliminary understanding of the article, you should read it again and again from the beginning, and then read it silently again and again. Only by reading carefully can we deepen our understanding and become a hymn. Experiments show that continuous slow reading is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also interrupts memory signals; On the contrary, after reading the text, gradually speeding up the reading speed can form a coherent signal stimulus in the cerebral cortex, thus strengthening the memory effect and improving the reciting speed.

3. Contour method

The ancients said, "Give an outline and open your eyes." The outline of the article is the context of the article, and the context of the article reflects the author's writing ideas. Therefore, when reciting the text, we must follow the author's writing ideas and writing order, from sentence to paragraph, from paragraph to article, from front to back, from top to bottom, closely linked and continuous. This way, you can not only recite quickly, but also remember well. As long as we read, think and recite according to the author's writing ideas and writing order, it won't be too difficult to recite.

4. Seek common ground while reserving differences

Some poems have the characteristics of "linking chapters", and the sentences in each chapter (paragraph) are basically the same. Therefore, after memorizing the first chapter (paragraph), we just need to find out the different sentences in other chapters (paragraphs) and remember them.

5. Model incentive method

Some knowledgeable Chinese teachers often recite it skillfully and expressively in front of students before asking them to recite it. This is undoubtedly a great incentive to improve students' confidence in reciting. In addition, due to the difference of people's memory, teachers should go deep into the students after they begin to practice reciting. On the one hand, they should give recitation guidance, on the other hand, they should find the "swift horse" in reciting the text in time and let them demonstrate recitation in front of the whole class. Doing so is of great significance to increase other students' sense of competition and confidence in reciting.

6. Related words prompt method

Parallel words can not only reflect the relationship between complex sentences and sentence groups, but also reflect the internal relationship in argumentative writing. Some people say that related words are the language track of argumentative writing. Therefore, mastering the "language track" of related words in time is of great help to recite argumentative papers. For example, in Liang Qichao's On young chinese, there is such a passage: "It is not far from the day of parting with this world, and my youth is new and attached to the world. If all the teenagers in the country are investigated as teenagers, then China is the country of the future, and the progress cannot be measured; If the youth of the whole country is the boss, then China is the country of the past, and its death can be postponed. Therefore, today's responsibility lies not in others, but in my youth. " This passage contains the related words "... and ... make ... then ... make ... then ... so ... and ..." The word "and" in the first sentence connects two clauses, indicating a coordinate relationship; In the second sentence, "make … then … make … then" constitutes two pairs of related words, which respectively represent the hypothetical relationship; The "cause" in the third sentence connects the upper and lower sentences, indicating causality; "Er" connects two clauses, indicating a coordinate relationship. As long as we grasp these related words, find out the relationship they represent, recite while thinking and connect the sentences, it is not difficult to recite this passage.

7. Rhetorical hook method

All the texts required to be recited in textbooks are masterpieces of famous writers, and masterpieces have their own uniqueness in the use of figures of speech. Therefore, starting with the figures of speech used in reciting the text and using the way of up and down, we can often get unexpected reciting results. For example, there is a passage in the recitation of the text of "Stomatology". First, the parallelism sentence "100,000 ... 100,000 ... sounds" is used, and then the sentence "human hands, human hands ..." is used. It involves ... human mouth, mouth ... tongue ... So it is not too difficult for us to recite this passage as long as we compare it sentence by sentence according to the sentence characteristics of this figure of speech used by the author.

8. Listen and recite.

Physiologists believe that letting vision and hearing participate in memory together can improve the memory effect by 30%-40% compared with only using vision and hearing. This memory method is called "cooperative memory method". According to this theory, when practicing reciting, you can play the recording of the text properly, so that students can listen to the recording while reading the text, thus forming a two-way stimulation of memory information and strengthening the memory effect.

9. Fun recitation

When students practice reciting to a certain extent, in order to further strengthen their memory and eliminate the monotony and fatigue caused by continuous reciting, according to the principle of "entertaining through education", there is no harm in adopting the following methods to improve students' interest in reciting: ① Reciting songs in pairs. That is, imitating the way of "duet" in mountainous areas or some fraternal peoples, two students, A and B, each recite one sentence in turn; (2) The recitation method of "relay race", which imitates the way of relay race in sports, consists of three students, each with a sentence, which is passed up and down and repeated; (3) The "pyramid-shaped" recitation method is to imitate the "pyramid-shaped" method of acrobats. The first person recites the first sentence, and the second person recites two or three sentences, and each person increments one sentence in turn until the recitation is completed. The above methods are not only interesting, but also involve a wide range, which can enhance students' group consciousness. You might as well try them.

10. Hierarchical recitation method

Understanding is the premise and foundation of memory. Hierarchical recitation method is to understand the general meaning of the recitation part first, then divide it into several levels, summarize the meaning of each level, understand the internal relationship between each level, sort out the ideas and connect the meanings of each level. On this basis, repeat it several times, and you can recite it quickly. This method is suitable for reciting paragraphs or essays. For example, in the text "In order to learn", we should first pay attention to clearing our thinking, dividing levels and finding connections. The full text can be divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph is the first paragraph, which puts forward the viewpoint of the whole paper: it is really difficult for people to study, but as long as they study hard, they can become difficult and easy. To remember this paragraph, it is necessary to clarify its main points, clarify the reasoning process from general things to specific things, and grasp the writing characteristics of contrast. The second to sixth natural segments are the second largest segment, and the example of "Sangnan Sea" proves the above viewpoint. The first sentence of the second paragraph is the first floor, indicating the location and people; The sixth natural paragraph is the third layer, explaining the results; The dialogue between the two rich and poor monks in the middle is the second level. The last paragraph is the third paragraph, which summarizes the full text and encourages the younger generation to learn from the poor monks, set up lofty aspirations and work hard for the poor monks. The former sentence is a link between the preceding and the following sentence; The last sentence follows the above and asks the question clearly. Sort it out and read it a few times, so it's easy to recite.

1 1. chart recitation method

Chart is an intuitive and simplified expression. Using this method, we should first design the structure of reciting chapters into a chart with the main words (preferably the original text) (or with the help of the teacher's blackboard design), then read it several times against the chart, and then try to recite it according to the chart, so that it can be recited quickly. For example, "Bian Que meets Cai Henggong", you can design the following chart to help recite:

12. Auxiliary Recitation Method

Refers to the use of some indicative language symbols to help memory. For example, the two poems in The Book of Songs, Ge Tan and Shuo Shu, both adopt the form of repeating chapters and chanting. Only a few words in the rhyme of each chapter have changed, and the rest remain unchanged. Therefore, as long as you recite a chapter and recite rhyming words, the article will be recited. In the article "Knowing Cows Skillfully", we can recite the text with phrases: all cows are in sight-all cows are in sight-God meets all cows-handy-skillful-praise and guidance-staring-full of ambition. Qu Yuan's poem "River-related" can be sorted out by the route of "River-related": expressing ideals-crossing Xiaoxiang-going to Shui Yuan-entering Xupu-recalling history-and writing a chaotic chapter. Such as text clues, plot development, character sequence, logical trajectory, time lapse, place change, spatial orientation, guiding language, etc. Can be used as symbols and assistants for reciting. It's like traveling. With a guide or a guide map, you can travel quickly and well and feel relaxed and happy.

13. Recite as a whole

Recite the whole text repeatedly, from beginning to end. Advantages are coherent context and deeper understanding. The disadvantage is that there is too much content and it is easy to get tired.

14. Recite the whole score

As the name implies, it is an organic combination of whole recitation and hierarchical recitation. The advantage is that it takes the advantages of its whole recitation and hierarchical recitation, eliminates its shortcomings, develops its strengths and avoids its weaknesses, and conforms to the cognitive law of whole-part-whole. Reciting long poems is often the first easy-to-remember part, that is, the psychological "initial effect"; The middle part is often forgotten, that is, the "cosco effect" in psychology. Therefore, when using this method, we should strengthen the "cosco effect", improve the review rate and form a strong stimulus.

15. Try to recite

On the basis of in-depth understanding, read it several times, close the book and try to recite it: see where it is easy to recite, where it is difficult to recite, where it will be recited, and where it will not be recited. Read the places that are difficult to recite, read the places that cannot be recited, and read them carefully until you can recite them. This trinity method of understanding, reading and reciting is much more efficient than mechanical reciting over and over again.

16. "Three-step memory method"

The first step is to grasp the main idea of the article and recite it with your brain. Step two, close your eyes and remember it. I "peek" when I really can't remember it. The third step is to repeat quickly and read many times.

17. "Five-fold method"

In order to make the memorized text unforgettable for a long time, some teachers adopt this method, that is, recite what they recited in class yesterday in the morning reading, which is the first repetition. The second answer is the third repetition after each unit, which means reciting the text from the previous unit again. The fourth and fifth repetitions are mainly combined with mid-term and final review.

1: Interest is the best way to cultivate interest.

2. Reading is the key to wisdom-Jewish spiritual wealth.

You are the accumulation and formation of your past, and your success is the accumulation of your past, so pay attention to accumulation. We should cultivate the correct way of thinking, so we should cultivate the correct way of thinking. Success should focus on accumulation.

4 empty cup mentality: for example, children's mentality, that is, maintaining a curiosity.

One way to learn is to imitate others' behavior. It is absolutely important to copy the good habits of people who study well and the successful summary of celebrities. Although everyone has methods, they can also learn from them.

[Edit this paragraph] The method of learning mathematics well

First, carefully arrange the time. First of all, you should know what to do in a week, and then make a timetable. Fill in the necessary time on the form, such as eating, sleeping, attending classes, having fun, etc. After arranging these hours, choose appropriate fixed time to study, leaving enough time to complete normal reading and homework. Of course, learning should not take up all the free time on the schedule, but always set aside some time for rest, hobbies and entertainment, which is very important for learning. The timetable may not solve all your problems, but it can let you know how to spend this week and give you enough time to study and have fun.

Second, pre-school preparation. This means that before you seriously devote yourself to learning, you should quickly browse what you want to learn and understand the general content and structure of learning, so as to understand and digest the learning content in time. Of course, we should pay attention to the details. We can spend less time in less important places and slow down the learning progress in important places.

Third, make full use of class time. Students with good academic performance greatly benefit from making full use of class time, which also means spending less energy after class. In class, you should cooperate with the teacher in time, take notes and help yourself remember what the teacher taught. It is especially important to think independently and keep up with the teacher's ideas.

Fourth, there should be reasonable rules in learning. The notes made in class should be reviewed in time after class, which is not only the important content taught by the teacher in class, but also the content that you still feel very vague. If you insist on reviewing your notes and textbooks regularly and doing some related exercises, you will certainly understand these contents more deeply and your memory will last longer.

Find a quiet and comfortable place to study. It is very important to choose a place to study. It can be your single study room or classroom or library, but it must be comfortable and quiet. When you start studying, you should concentrate on the class and avoid "being in Cao Cao and being in Han".

Sixth, you can't study when your mood fluctuates. Scientific research shows that it is difficult to concentrate when studying mathematics and other science and engineering subjects, so there must be no emotions such as quarreling with classmates and exciting strenuous exercise before studying. Otherwise, you won't be able to concentrate and enter the learning state for a while. So before you study, you should calm down and concentrate, so that you can get twice the result with half the effort.

Seven, establish a correct view of examination. The purpose of the exam usually depends on your mastery of homework, so be calm and don't cheat. Maybe you failed in the exam once or twice, but it doesn't matter. As long as you study hard and take it seriously, you will do well in the next exam. Through the test, you can know where you need to work harder in your next study, which helps you to remember new knowledge firmly.