What are the special types of jobs that need certificates on the construction site?

A, the meaning of special type of work

Special type of work refers to the general name of the post categories of personnel engaged in special operations, and refers to the types of work that are prone to casualties and have great harm to the safety of operators, others and surrounding facilities. The former Ministry of Labor designated underground, high altitude, high temperature, heavy physical labor or other jobs harmful to health as special operations, and made it clear that the scope of special operations was determined by the competent departments of various industries or labor departments.

Second, the classification of special types of work in construction engineering

Building electrician, building scaffolder (common scaffold, attached lifting scaffold), construction crane driver (tower crane), construction crane operator signalman, construction crane driver (construction elevator), construction crane driver (material hoist), construction crane installation and disassembly worker (tower crane), construction crane installation and disassembly worker (construction elevator, material hoist), hanging basket installation and disassembly worker working high above the ground, construction welder (. Gas welding, cutting), construction crane installation quality inspector (tower crane), construction crane installation quality inspector (construction elevator), pile driver operator, construction concrete pump operator, motor vehicle driver on the construction site (only those who have not obtained the relevant motor vehicle driver's license issued by the public security department), etc.

Third, the requirements for the management of special types of work in construction projects.

Construction special operations personnel must pass the examination by the competent department of construction and obtain the operation qualification certificate of construction special operations personnel before they can take up their posts and engage in corresponding operations. (Provisions on the Administration of Special Operation Personnel in Construction)

Construction special operations personnel should operate in strict accordance with safety technical standards, norms and procedures, correctly wear and use safety protection articles, and maintain operation tools and equipment according to regulations. (Provisions on the Administration of Special Operation Personnel in Construction)

In the event of an emergency that endangers personal safety during construction, special construction personnel have the right to immediately stop operations or evacuate dangerous areas, and report to full-time safety production management personnel and project leaders at the construction site. (Provisions on the Administration of Special Operation Personnel in Construction)

Four, the current problems in the management of special types of work in construction sites

(a) there are some special types of workers who work without a license, the operation certificate has not been tried, and cross-job operations. In some construction sites, due to the paralysis of site management personnel and weak safety awareness, the phenomenon of arranging undocumented personnel to take up their posts is prominent. Some teams and groups arrange undocumented personnel to take up their posts without certified personnel when carrying out special operations. There are also some special types of workers on the construction site. After the operation certificate of special type of work expires due to the change of work unit or work place, the operation certificate is not extended in time, which leads to the failure of the operation certificate. In some construction sites, the site manager arranges electricians for welding operations, welders for electrician operations, and tower crane drivers for cable command operations. A similar phenomenon is also common in construction sites.

(2) There are some special types of workers with weak safety awareness and low professional skills. During the safety inspection on the construction site, it is often found that some workers with special types of work have a weak sense of safety, such as scaffolders not wearing safety belts in aerial work, electricians not wearing insulated shoes, welders not wearing protective masks, etc. At the same time, the safety operation skills and knowledge of some special types of work on site failed to pass, which led to the scaffolder failing to set up safety protection facilities as planned, and the phenomenon of saving trouble by experience or drawings often appeared, which led to the unqualified safety protection facilities on site. When electricians conduct temporary power operation, the electrical equipment can't achieve "three-level distribution, two-level protection" and "one machine, one box and one leakage protection", and the safety operation skills of special workers are not up to standard, which leads to many potential safety hazards on site and brings great difficulties to safety production management.

(3) There is a phenomenon that the safety education and training of workers with special types of work and the safety technical disclosure are not in place on the construction site. The technical and management personnel of some construction units believe that special types of work have been trained by formal institutions and passed strict examinations to obtain qualification certificates, and the safety operation skills and safety knowledge are available. Therefore, on-site education, training and disclosure can be ignored or omitted. In the construction site of some projects, the operators of special types of work are completely ignorant of the safety matters or work objectives that should be paid attention to in their work content, and their daily work is only based on experience, which often leads to some unexpected hidden dangers on the site.

(4) There is a phenomenon that the safety inspection of special jobs is not in place. In the construction site of some projects, site managers often think that special types of work are specially trained and there is no problem in safe operation. Sometimes, because special jobs are not easy to reach, inspections are neglected, such as scaffolders setting up outer frames. Often in the on-site safety inspection and daily safety inspection, the inspection of special types of work is ignored, and hidden dangers often appear, which cannot be mastered, let alone rectified.

Five, measures to solve the management problems of special types of work on the construction site

(a) strict system of certificates, it is strictly prohibited to undocumented workers. When personnel enter the site, the project department and the team should strictly check the qualifications of special operators before organizing special types of work. Only after the qualification of special type of work is confirmed can special type of work be arranged, otherwise work shall not be arranged. Strict certificate system is the premise of doing a good job in the operation management of special types of work, and it is also a work that the state and local governments attach great importance to recently. Especially in the process of on-site safety inspection and civilized construction site acceptance by local construction administrative departments, the qualification of special types of work is mainly checked. The construction site shall not arrange or acquiesce in special operations for personnel who are not qualified for special operations due to tight construction period or other reasons, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable.

(two) on-site assessment of special types of work, do not have on-site safety operation skills, the implementation of the elimination system. A few people who don't have the knowledge and skills of safe operation of special types of work, due to some abnormal reasons and utilitarian ideas, have obtained formal operation qualification certificates through abnormal means, which will bring very serious hidden dangers to on-site safety production when they are engaged in special types of work. Therefore, when a special type of work has just begun, the site project department should organize personnel to evaluate the site safety operation skills of the special type of work. If it is found that the operation skills and knowledge are obviously unqualified, the elimination system should be implemented, and these people should not be allowed to continue to engage in the operation of special types of work.

(three) strict pre-job safety education and training for special types of work. The hazard sources at each project site are different, especially the working environment of special jobs is very dangerous, so safety education, training and disclosure must be strictly carried out. When conducting safety education and training for special jobs and job disclosure, the disclosure should be implemented to every operator, and the disclosure education and training should be targeted. The disclosure work should be signed, and the disclosure content should describe in detail the possible safety hazards and safe operation skills on site. There should be an emergency plan in the disclosure. After the completion of the disclosure education and training, the examination should be conducted. Those who fail the exam shall not be arranged to take up their posts, or they can take up their posts only after passing the second interview. Avoid the disclosure of education and training as a mere formality.

(four) the labor protection of special types of workers should be further strengthened. The working environment of operators with special jobs on site is dangerous. For example, when scaffolder builds an outer frame, the risk of falling from a height is greater, and when tower crane company conducts signal command, it is within the range of object attack, and so on. Therefore, the danger of the working environment requires that special types of work must be within the scope of strict protective equipment protection. For example, scaffolders must be equipped with non-slip shoes, safety belts, safety helmets and tool bags. Electricians must be equipped with insulating gloves, shoes and helmets when conducting electrician operations. At the same time, the schedule of special types of work should conform to scientific laws, and should not be overloaded, overloaded or overtime. Many accidents are caused by fatigue work, so it is necessary to arrange the schedule and labor intensity of special types of work reasonably.

(five) to improve the safety atmosphere of special types of work on the construction site of construction projects. The construction site should make use of all available platforms, publicize the work of on-site safety production, and create a good safety production atmosphere. Such as scaffolding, protective shed, safe passage, publicity column and other places outside the construction site, set up safety slogans, propaganda cartoons and other forms of publicity content to remind workers of special types of work to pay attention to safety in production at any time.

(six) the intensity of on-site supervision and inspection of special types of work. The on-site supervision and inspection of the operation process of special types of work should form a system, and inspection and acceptance should be carried out every day, every operation surface and every working procedure. Check the safe operation of operation process and the safety and reliability of task completion. When problems are found, rectification opinions and measures should be put forward in time to prevent accidents during operation and unqualified task completion.

(seven) the establishment of site special type of work safety ledger, regular summary of recognition and punishment. The time, place, operating personnel, operation completion, whether the operation process is safe or not, and whether there are violations, etc. shall be recorded in detail at the construction site of the building project. On-site project manager summarizes regularly according to the safety operation ledger. If the task of special type of work is completed well, an on-site special type of work reward system can be established, which can give material or spiritual rewards. Informed criticism or economic punishment will be given to those who fail to complete the task and bring frequent hidden dangers to the site safety management. Those who fail to achieve the management objectives through criticism, education and punishment should be removed from the scene to prevent accidents.