How to prevent prisoners from escaping from prison

Study on Preventive Measures of Prison Break Crime

He supervised the system and transferred relevant personnel to take over their work. Wang Jun, the warden of the Second Prison, Li Gang, the deputy warden, Xu Fumenghe, the police officer, and Qian, the doorman on duty, were released on bail pending trial. [2]4. After the prisoner escaped from prison, in order to avoid being pursued, he fled everywhere and hid in Tibet. In order to survive, they are bound to commit crimes again. Therefore, the occurrence of prison break is a serious threat to people's life and property safety and social security and stability.

Motivation analysis of prison break crime

(a) The needs of prisoners are the basis of their motivation to escape from prison.

1, the need to get rid of fetters and gain freedom. Deprivation of criminal's personal freedom is the most basic content of execution, and it is also the direct cause of criminal's suffering because of his unsatisfied needs. Getting freedom at an early date has almost become the common demand of every criminal. The needs of criminals are always centered on early reintegration into society, while other specific needs change with the change of the transformation environment in which criminals live [3]. The intensity of criminals' desire for freedom is related to their personality characteristics, living habits and the length of sentences. In the past, a free life has become a life of strict supervision and reform after serving a sentence, which will make criminals feel uncomfortable, depressed, painful and even resentful. Especially criminals with long sentences are more likely to take risks and seek escape because they can't stand the bad living environment and psychological torture. Although some criminals have been sentenced to shorter sentences, when the desire for freedom exceeds the tolerance of short-term imprisonment, they will also form a prison break mentality.

2. Negative needs have the motivation to escape from prison. Negative needs, mainly low-level needs, are the main reasons for the motivation to escape from prison and have the greatest driving force for criminals to escape from prison.

(1) The physiological needs are mainly eating, drinking and having fun. The physiological needs of eating, drinking and having fun occupy a prominent position in the demand structure of most criminals. If this need is solidified in the criminal's psychological structure for a long time, once stimulated, it will prompt him to form the motivation to escape from prison. (2) sexual needs. The deprivation of personal freedom of criminals is bound to be accompanied by restrictions on sexual needs, so most criminals are in extreme sexual hunger and thirst. Under the control of strong sexual instinct impulse, juvenile criminals are often more likely to form the motivation to escape from prison. (3) the need to escape punishment. Escaping punishment is an inevitable need for criminals from the implementation of criminal acts to the expiration of their sentences and before their release. Since the day of detention, the social status and environment of criminals have undergone fundamental changes. The loss of personal freedom, strict management and other punishment measures make them unacceptable, and labor reform makes them resistant. Once given the chance, they will take risks and try to escape from prison. (4) the need for revenge. A few criminals hate it, and under the influence of the original criminal psychological structure, they often push the cause of crime objectively or blame it on some accidental situational factor [4]. Revenge jailbreak can be divided into two situations: one is to retaliate against a specific object after jailbreak; The other is to get back at the police.

It's really necessary to stimulate the motivation to escape from prison. If the positive needs of criminals are not met, especially when they think they can't be met through proper channels, there may also be motives for escaping from prison.

(1) The need for homesickness. Criminals serving prison sentences are basically isolated from society and families. This particular situation will often aggravate their yearning and dependence on their loved ones, especially when their loved ones are seriously ill or die, couples divorce, and lovers move on. Their homesickness will be very strong, and if they are not properly adjusted and transferred, they are likely to have the motivation to escape from prison. (2) the need for safety and self-esteem. Self-esteem is one of the most important needs of human beings, and criminals also have the need for security and self-esteem without exception. In real life, there are two common situations that endanger the safety of criminals and damage their self-esteem: first, the supervisors rudely enforce the law and treat criminals by means of beating, scolding, corporal punishment and even abuse; Second, some criminals have the behavior of "prison guards" and hurt others at will. Those criminals who have been bullied for a long time will look for opportunities to get out of the "sea of suffering" if they can't protect themselves or safeguard their personal dignity through proper channels.

(2) Appropriate objective conditions are the inducement of prison break motivation.

Suitable objective conditions are the inducers and catalysts of the prison break motivation, which mainly include the following aspects:

1. There are loopholes in supervision. A few leaders have insufficient understanding of the current grim prison situation and the complex structure of prisoners, and still use traditional and single disciplinary measures to deal with the increasingly complex reform situation; Study on the preventive measures of some prison break crimes: the police's professionalism and sense of responsibility are not strong, the management is not strict, and the basic work is not in place; Some supervision units invest too little in supervision facilities, and the equipment is outdated and backward. These weak links in management make criminals feel that they have a chance to escape from prison. [5]

2, the transformation environment is not good. A criminal group is a negative group. They gather in a narrow space, and all kinds of unhealthy tendencies, criminal tricks and feelings of resisting reform will be "cross-infected" in the process of interaction, which is in an advantageous position compared with the positive educational effect of supervisors. The formation of prison break motivation has a lot to do with this harsh transformation environment. Some supervision places unilaterally pursue economic benefits, making criminals undertake heavy productive labor tasks, but neglecting their ideological transformation. Excessive labor intensity and long working hours have caused some criminals to have a serious mentality of evading labor and resisting reform. When faced with excitement and temptation, they are easy to escape from prison.

3. Family factors. Changes in criminals' families, such as breaking off relations between families and criminals, divorce of spouses, serious illness or death of family members, domestic bullying, etc. , will have a certain impact on the criminal's mood. If it is not found and handled in time, it will make him anxious, uneasy, painful and sad, and try every means to escape. Some criminals will try their best to escape because they think they can get shelter from their families after they escape from prison.

(3) Certain psychological characteristics are the premise of the motivation to escape from prison.

The need to escape from prison lays the foundation for the formation of escape motivation, and objective conditions play an inducing role, but the emergence of escape motivation must be based on certain psychological characteristics of criminals.

1, luck and overconfidence. Criminals usually have the idea of escaping from prison after being detained, but it is only an idea for the vast majority of criminals, because they are not very sure about the successful escape after analyzing and evaluating subjective conditions, the security alert force of the supervision place and the proportion and consequences of being arrested after escaping from prison, so they give up. However, a small number of criminals further developed this idea into a motive for escaping from prison, which was hard to restrain, and then tried their best to put it into action. Among them, the existence of luck and overconfidence is an important psychological condition for prison break motivation. The demonstration effect of the successful precedent of prison break has strengthened the lucky psychology of some criminals. They think that the escape plan is well-planned and well-prepared. They estimate their own strength higher and the security alert of the supervision place and the pursuit power of the public security organs lower, so they are determined to try the law.

2. Negative will quality. Under the education of correctional officers. Prisoners sometimes set the goal of "transforming themselves into self-reliant and law-abiding citizens". However, due to the deep-rooted guilt and bad habits formed in the past, it is prevented from forming a correct outlook on life, values and world outlook, because its will to reform is weak, its confidence is insufficient, it lacks tenacity and its repetitiveness is strong. In addition, some prisoners have formed a strong anti-social crime will before they are arrested. After they were arrested, they did not reflect on their actions rationally, but took crime as their long-term behavioral goal and did not think about repentance. Criminals with these negative will qualities are easy to escape from prison.

Countermeasures and significance of preventing criminals from escaping from prison

preventive measure

1, countermeasures against criminals

(1) Strengthen positive guidance and educate criminals to reform with peace of mind. All the work in prison is to change the criminals' minds. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly and continuously educate criminals to confess and repent, change their minds, and eliminate fluky psychology. With the education of ideal future and outlook on life, organized criminals who escaped from prison to surrender in a planned way, carried out targeted social assistance and education activities, and educated criminals through various channels and forms to realize that there is no way out to escape, so as to really nip the idea of escaping from prison in the bud. (2) Establish and improve an appropriate criminal mutual assistance control system. Not everyone in a criminal group has the psychology and motivation to escape from prison, especially those criminals who have no deep subjective bad habits. Most of them can plead guilty and approach the government. Prisons should boldly use them to work in some key positions. On the basis of accepting the trust of police officers, they study the preventive measures of prison break crime through studying, living, working and entertaining with other prisoners, so as to catch the prisoners in time, prosecute them in time, try them in public, impose heavier sentences, deter those who want to escape from prison by law, educate those who have not escaped from prison, encourage those who have escaped from prison and praise those who have escaped from prison. For example, in August 1996, a prison cracked a premeditated escape case, and in June 1996, the criminal was executed, 1 1. Since then, the prison has conducted escape prevention education on 1 1 every year, and achieved good results. Since 1996, there have been no cases of criminals' premeditated escape for three consecutive years. 2. Requirements for the police

(1) Strengthen self-protection awareness. Self-protection consciousness is essentially a kind of psychological activity, and its core refers to the psychological preparation of the police in the face of war. It means that when a person is suddenly attacked and attacked, he will instinctively fight back in self-defense to protect himself from harm. It is to ask the police to have defensive awareness, technical and tactical awareness and vigilance in the face of war, and to deal with emergencies calmly and decisively. This kind of preparation is mainly psychological preparation and routine technical and tactical preparation. The key to improving self-protection consciousness lies in solving the problems such as whether psychological preparation is sufficient in the face of war. As a prison policeman, we should first estimate in advance the awareness of self-protection and foresee the enemy from danger. Prison police should renew their concepts, enhance their awareness of self-protection, fully understand the complexity and danger of the current law enforcement environment and the ferocity of criminals, and improve their vigilance in law enforcement. Secondly, we should carry out awareness education regularly and strengthen safety education and training. By strengthening education and training, the police will constantly enhance their awareness of self-prevention and the enemy's situation, and always maintain a high degree of vigilance against the enemy's situation. Educate all police officers to keep a high degree of vigilance at all times, stick to their posts in the process of duty, pay attention to observation and perform their duties, and do not treat them lightly. Through education and training, improve the safety awareness of police officers, create a safe atmosphere, and lay the ideological foundation for ensuring safety. Finally, establish the confidence to win. As a policeman, you should have the spirit of defending the dignity of the law, be brave and tenacious, and not be afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice. In the event of an emergency, we can react quickly, turn passivity into initiative, achieve the goal of controlling the enemy with one move, deal with it in time according to law, defeat the enemy, control the situation and eliminate the danger. (2) Improve the police's physical quality and the ability to defeat the enemy. The law gives the prison people's police certain law enforcement power. The police encounter certain situations in the course of carrying out their duties, and the law allows the police to carry out appropriate violence against criminals. Therefore, the police should strengthen and improve their self-protection ability, have the ability to counter illegal infringement, and have more agile and faster defensive counterattack actions than attackers. If the police find signs of an attack or encounter an attack, they must respond and act as soon as possible, be flexible and turn passivity into initiative.

3. Preventive measures in prisons

(1) Prison escape prevention must be based on perfect hardware facilities. For prisons, only by keeping pace with the times, constantly improving, and increasingly advanced hardware facilities can criminals have no holes to drill. At present, in order to comprehensively promote the construction of prison facilities, all prison gates must be managed by AB gate. Fingerprint authentication and card management system must be adopted in high-security prisons to strengthen security capabilities. All key parts of prisons, such as gates, walls, detention rooms, interview rooms and police duty rooms, must be equipped with video surveillance settings and trigger alarms. In order to strengthen the construction of prison walls and power grids, high-security prisons should delimit warning areas within the walls and install snake-bellied knives and barbed nets for physical isolation. It is necessary to equip the frontline police with basic police equipment such as walkie-talkies and batons to meet the needs of the police on duty. (2) Prison break prevention should have perfect system guarantee. In a sense, the imperfection of the system is an important reason for criminals to escape from prison. Therefore, to prevent criminals from escaping from prison, we must establish a perfect escape prevention system. To establish and improve the system guarantee, it is necessary to combine the actual situation of the prison, formulate a complete responsibility system according to various systems, strengthen the investigation and punishment of potential safety hazards, and check and deal with potential safety hazards in the bud. Prisons should analyze the prison situation clearly on the basis of traditional management. Standardize the system of mutual supervision and mutual assistance, the system of roll call after work, the system of community prevention, the system of replacing the old with the new, the system of physical examination and the system of regular and irregular supervision. The implementation of these systems will be contracted to the prison area one by one and subcontracted to the police in the prison area. Implement the annual contract responsibility system, strictly sign the contract at the beginning of the year, check and evaluate the contract item by item at the end of the year, cash rewards and punishments in time, widely mobilize police officers to conscientiously implement the anti-escape system, and improve the enthusiasm of anti-escape and anti-escape work. Really put the work of preventing escape into the hands of police officers and put it into action to ensure the safety and stability of prisons. Study on Preventive Measures of Prison Break Crime

4. Prevention from social environment.

It is necessary to raise the awareness of the whole people and form a strong anti-escape network system. Preventing and combating prison break is not only the responsibility of prison, but also the obligation of the whole society. To establish and improve the prison escape prevention system, we should not only rely on the internal improvement mechanism, but also extensively contact social groups, troops, enterprises and institutions, residents' communities, people from all walks of life and relatives of criminals to jointly form a social prevention network for prevention and treatment by groups. [6]

Expand external publicity, let the society know about prisons, and actively cooperate with prison escape prevention work. At present, China's work has gradually entered the legal track, but little is known about prisons. Therefore, we can invite social organizations and people from all walks of life to participate in prison law enforcement activities, publicize prisons and prison laws through the media, or organize large-scale roving photo exhibitions, or hold large-scale police speeches and criminal reform briefings and other social activities, so that the society can understand prisons, understand the social harm of criminals escaping from prison and the consequences of harboring escaped prisoners, and make them actively cooperate with prisons to participate in active escape prevention work.

In short, it is a long way to go to prevent escape. As long as we work together with Qi Xin and devote ourselves to it with a high sense of political responsibility and mission, we will certainly be able to build an indestructible and unbreakable strong escape prevention system, make the prison's escape prevention work better, play its due role in social security and stability, and improve the quality of criminal reform.

(B) the significance of preventing criminals from escaping from prison

1. Preventing criminals from escaping from prison is the need of social stability. Prison, as the penalty execution organ of the country, is one of the important components of the state machine, and its fundamental purpose is to safeguard the state power and social security and stability. During the period of criminal reform, the original criminal behavior was curbed, the improper demand was restricted and some rights were deprived. If the education is not symptomatic and the management is unscientific, some of them or even some criminals may turn from not adapting to imprisonment to resistance and confrontation, and finally develop into trying their best to escape from prison. It is this awareness of anti-supervision and anti-reform that has gradually increased, which has become the internal driving force for them to escape from prison, and they have tried their best to implement the escape behavior. After breaking out of prison, they have to escape from the pursuit of judicial organs and run around to hide. In order to survive, they will do whatever it takes to commit crimes again. Facts have proved that the escape of criminals has done great harm to people's normal life and work order. Therefore, prisons must prevent criminals from escaping from prison and control the cases of criminals escaping from prison to a minimum.

2. Preventing criminals from escaping from prison is the need to maintain the security, stability and normal transformation order of prisons. Stable supervision and reform order and good reform environment are the premise and foundation of reforming criminals and educating criminals. Only in a stable supervision environment can criminals reflect and repent their crimes, re-establish a new outlook on life and morality, completely change past bad habits and decadent consciousness, and reshape themselves. The escape of criminals directly threatens the normal supervision and reform order of the whole prison. If the prisoner escapes from prison, the prison will have to organize a large number of police forces to hunt down the fugitives, which will cause huge losses in manpower, material resources and financial resources, seriously affect the normal reform and production of the prison, and will also have a chain reaction. When a prisoner escapes from prison, many criminals have illusions, which will reduce the enthusiasm of criminal groups to reform. Therefore, preventing criminals from escaping from prison is the need to effectively maintain the normal supervision and reform order, and also the need to safeguard legal dignity.

Preventing criminals from escaping from prison is the need to create a modern civilized prison. The key to establishing a modern civilized prison is to equip the prison with advanced science and technology; The second is to educate and reform criminals with contemporary advanced concepts, and finally achieve the goal of improving the quality of criminal reform. The party and the government put forward the minimum requirements of "shut down, can't escape, change well". In the final analysis, it is to detain criminals according to law, prevent them from escaping with advanced anti-escape equipment, and reform them with advanced ideological education methods and contents. This is completely consistent with the creation work, and it also fully shows the importance of prison escape prevention work. In order to reform criminals, prisons should first use strict supervision as a guarantee. Otherwise, once the prison break happens, it will not only be ineffective in educating and reforming criminals, but also bring harm to prisons and society. Therefore, in order to create a modern and civilized prison and achieve the goal of improving the quality of criminals' reform, it is necessary to do a good job in prison break prevention and put an end to prison break incidents. In this way, the whole prison can devote itself to the creation work, so that the overall work of the prison can develop steadily.

Under the new situation, prison work is facing new situations and problems. A small number of criminals do not repent, resist reform, and even study preventive measures against prison break until they try to escape. Especially at present, the structure of prisoners in prisons is becoming increasingly complex, the struggle between reform and anti-reform in prisons is becoming increasingly fierce, the difficulty of educating and reforming criminals is increasing, and the unstable factors of supervision and safety are increasing, which makes the work of preventing criminals from escaping from prison face new challenges and tests. Therefore, safety awareness should keep up with the situation in time, proceed from the existing situation, do solid work, pay close attention to implementation, ensure prison safety, and make contributions to the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

References:

[1] Fang Xiaoping. Excellent paper on ensuring prison stability [M].

[2] Yang Ming, Ning Daqing, Zhu Bin. Talking about the defense consciousness and skills of prison police from the escape incident of the second prison in Hohhot (J). Journal of Guangxi University of Political Science and Law Management, Volume 25, 20 10 (No.4): 109- 1 12. [3] Di Xiaohua. 200 1 (No.1): 86-89. [4] Ma Xiaoping, Ji Zheng. On the Psychological Formation and Prevention of Detainees in Detention Center (J). Journal of Zhejiang Public Security College, 2003 (2): 43-46.

[5] Fan Zhongpan. Motive analysis of the crime of escaping (J). Journal of Henan Public Security College, 2008 (No.2): 4 1-43.

[6] Yue Hai. Reflections on the establishment of prison escape prevention system (J). Journal of Shanxi University of Political Science and Law Management Edition, 2003 (No.12): 42-45.