The fire protection knowledge and regulations that shopping mall merchants should know are very

Shopping malls and markets

Guidance Manual for the Construction of “Four Capacities” in Fire Safety

Introduction

Shopping malls and markets generally refer to people’s daily Shopping provides various places and spaces for commercial activities, including department stores selling many types and varieties (mainly industrial products); shopping malls selling civilian commodities; markets selling vegetables, meat, eggs, aquatic products and non-staple food; A (supermarket) business place that is open to customers, where they can directly select goods and pay according to the marked price; a joint-venture shopping mall that gathers various shops and stalls together, and can also coexist with a department store or with catering, repair and other service industries. Shopping malls and markets are public gathering places with dense people, high mobility, complex space composition, many electrical equipment, many combustibles, and large fire loads. Fire hazards may occur if fire safety management is slightly neglected. It is easy to cause serious casualties. Therefore, it is of great significance to do a good job in fire prevention and control in such places.

This manual is based on the goal of improving the "four capabilities" construction of social units' fire safety put forward by the Ministry of Public Security in the nationwide implementation of the "Firewall" project for social fire safety, and combined with the characteristics of Chaozhou City's shopping malls and market industries, it provides The content of the "Four Capabilities" construction is introduced and unified, and some basic knowledge and skills in fire prevention, fire extinguishing, self-rescue and escape in shopping malls and markets are briefly introduced for social units to use and refer to in building the "Four Capabilities" in fire safety.

Note: The "four capabilities" of fire safety refer to: the ability to inspect and eliminate fire hazards, the ability to organize firefighting and rescue of initial fires, the ability to organize personnel evacuation and escape, and the ability to conduct fire publicity, education and training.

1． Check the ability to eliminate fire hazards and effectively achieve "self-examination of fire safety and self-elimination of fire hazards"; 2. Organize the ability to put out initial fires and ensure that "fires are detected early and small fires can be extinguished"; 3. Organize personnel's evacuation and escape capabilities, and effectively achieve "the ability to escape from fires and self-rescue, and guide personnel to evacuate"; 4. Fire protection publicity, education and training capabilities can effectively achieve “labeling of fire protection facilities and popularization of fire protection knowledge”.

Part 1

Application of the “four capabilities” construction work for fire safety in shopping malls and markets

1. Ability to inspect and eliminate fire hazards

Shopping malls and markets must organize fire prevention inspections at least once a month, and internal departments and teams should carry out fire prevention inspections once a week; unit fire protection security personnel must conduct fire prevention inspections every day, and fire prevention inspections must be conducted at least every two hours during business hours. At the end of business in the kitchen area and cooked food processing area, the business site should be inspected to discover and eliminate fire hazards in a timely manner. The focus of fire prevention inspections and inspections are:

1. Whether the evacuation passages, safety exits and fire truck passages in shopping malls and markets are smooth, and whether the fire separation distances are occupied; whether the normally closed fire doors remain normally closed, Whether door closers and sequencers are kept intact; whether items are stacked under fire shutters; whether obstacles that affect escape and fire-fighting and rescue are set up on doors and windows; whether corresponding safe evacuation passages are maintained between market areas; stairs and safety exits Whether stalls or goods are stacked on evacuation passages; whether stalls are set up in outdoor markets within 5 meters on both sides of high-voltage lines; whether there are other fire safety violations that affect the use of evacuation passages and fire-fighting facilities;

2. Shopping malls, Whether the market safety evacuation signs and emergency lighting settings for fire accidents are correct, eye-catching, complete and easy to use;

3. Whether the mall's fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plans are formulated and employees are organized to conduct drills; whether employees master basic fire prevention skills Fire fighting and evacuation knowledge;

4. Whether the personnel in the fire control room or duty room of shopping malls and markets are on duty; whether the personnel in the fire control room are trained and certified to work; whether the personnel in the fire control room insist on working 24 hours a day On duty, no less than 2 people per shift.

Whether the fire control equipment is operating normally, whether the various alarm facilities and communication equipment connected to the fire control room are smooth and easy to use; whether the duty records are complete and whether the filling in is true;

5. Whether the fire water source is sufficient; indoor and outdoor Whether fire hydrants and water pump adapters are damaged, buried, blocked, occupied, etc. that affect their use;

6. Whether fire-fighting equipment is sufficient, complete and easy to use; various fire-extinguishing agents, materials, oils, etc. Whether it is fully equipped and sufficient;

7. Whether flammable and explosive items are stored and operated in the market;

8. Whether the market has established and improved a volunteer fire brigade in accordance with regulations and is equipped with full-time and part-time fire prevention personnel. ;Whether the stall operators have received fire safety education and training.

9. Whether various electrical lines and equipment meet fire protection requirements and whether they are used in violation of regulations; whether business lighting electricity is set up separately from power and fire-fighting electricity; whether electrical lines and electrical equipment are officially Electrician installation, inspection and maintenance; whether welding or cutting without authorization from the market authority; whether wires are connected indiscriminately or electricity is overloaded;

10. Water pump room, power distribution room, fan Whether safety management measures are implemented in key fire safety areas such as rooms and elevator rooms;

11. Whether smoking and open flames are used in market stalls and storage yards; whether feasible measures are not taken without approval from the competent department. Fire safety measures, unauthorized use of flammable and explosive liquids and gas stoves in the market;

12. Are storage items in storage areas such as shopping malls’ turnover warehouses placed more than 10cm above the indoor floor? on the baseboard or shelf; whether all lamps are equipped with explosion-proof lampshades; whether the distance between storage objects and roof fire-fighting equipment is not less than 0.5 meters, whether the distance from lights is not less than 1 meter, and whether fire warning signs such as no smoking are set up.

13. Is there any smoking or fire left in the shopping mall? Are there any customers carrying flammable and explosive dangerous goods?

14. Are there any signs of smoking or fire in the shopping mall’s kitchen area and cooked food processing area? Whether the fuel and gas pipeline valves are damaged or leaking; whether the stove, oil fume hood and flue are cleaned in a timely manner; after the business is over, whether the fire source and power supply are cut off, and whether there is any fire left behind.

Fire hazards discovered during inspections must be corrected immediately; if they cannot be corrected immediately, the "Fire Hazard Rectification Registration Form" should be filled in and reported to the person in charge in a timely manner. The fire safety manager or department fire safety responsible person should organize Identifies reported fire hazards.

The person in charge of the functional department responsible for the centralized management of fire safety work should put forward rectification opinions and preventive measures item by item for the problems existing in the "Fire Hazard Rectification Registration Form". The person in charge or manager of the unit's fire safety should specify the department responsible for rectification, the responsible person, the time limit for rectification and the required funds.

2. Ability to organize and fight initial fires

Shopping malls and markets have a lot of flammable and combustible materials, and fires spread quickly after they occur. Therefore, employees at unit sites must master the basic skills of organizing and extinguishing initial fires:

1. Research and formulate realistic fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans based on the unit’s business scale and nature of use, and organize all employees on a regular basis Conduct practical drills to ensure that every employee is familiar with the procedures and requirements for initial fire fighting;

2. Establish the first and second echelons for fire emergency response. The first echelon consists of employees on duty near the fire site, and the second echelon consists of all employees on duty who are not at the fire site. Each echelon is divided into groups such as fire-fighting action group, communication group, and evacuation guidance group. Once a fire occurs, each group must quickly get into position according to the specific division of labor.

Shopping malls and markets with less than 50 people can set up an echelon; fire-fighting action team members must be familiar with the placement of fire-fighting facilities, equipment, breathing masks, descent devices and other escape and self-rescue equipment, and be proficient in their use;

3. For units with fire control rooms, when the on-duty personnel receive a fire alarm signal from the automatic fire alarm system, they must immediately notify the inspection personnel or staff in the alarm area through the wireless intercom system or internal telephone number of the unit, etc. Rush to the scene to check on the spot. After confirming the fire situation, immediately report to the fire control room through communication methods such as alarm button, floor phone or wireless intercom. At the same time, organize a fire-fighting action team to form the first fire-fighting force within 30 seconds and use on-site fire hydrants. , fire extinguishers and other facilities and equipment to put out fires in an orderly manner;

4. After receiving an alarm, the fire control room or duty room must immediately activate the firefighting facilities and communicate through the unit's internal telephone, wireless intercom system or broadcast , alarm bells and other effective methods, issue fire alarm instructions, notify relevant departments and personnel to arrive quickly, and dial "119" to report to the public security fire brigade;

5. Maintain order at the fire scene and prevent irrelevant personnel from entering Fire scene, and based on the on-site conditions, promptly notify relevant department personnel to take measures such as cutting off power and gas to prevent the fire from expanding and spreading.

3. Organize personnel evacuation and escape capabilities

People in shopping malls and markets gather together and are highly mobile. People in the places are relatively unfamiliar with the environment. If they are not familiar with the fire safety of the evacuation passages, safety exits, etc. If the evacuation facilities are not familiar, once a fire breaks out, it is easy to cause casualties. Therefore, unit employees must have the ability to escape from fires, save themselves and each other, and especially organize the evacuation of personnel:

1. It is necessary to study and formulate realistic fire evacuation and escape plans for the unit, department, and region, and pass them through Conduct on-site drills to familiarize yourself with the evacuation passages, safety exits, and evacuation directions in these places, so that all employees can master evacuation procedures and escape skills;

2. Personnel responsible for evacuation guidance must have a thorough understanding of the surrounding environment and be familiar with escape route, be familiar with the location of safety exits, be familiar with the placement of evacuation equipment and equipment, and be proficient in using them;

3. Once a fire occurs, the fire control room and duty room must quickly activate emergency broadcasts and emergency lighting. , evacuation signs or other warning signals; when the on-site conditions permit, every customer must be notified and personnel must be evacuated to a safe area in a timely manner;

4. Personnel passing through a smoke-filled fire scene When burning, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or clothing, lower your head and bend forward quickly, and do not take a deep breath to minimize the possibility of inhaling toxic gases into the body;

5. Once your body is on fire, do not move around If you are running around, roll on the spot, put out the flames on your body or take off your burning clothes to prevent burns;

6. When evacuating people, inform and guide them by shouting or sending out light signals. People should take the correct method and escape in an orderly manner along the correct route, and remind people not to panic, but to help each other and improve evacuation efficiency;

7. When employees evacuate people, they should ensure that no one is in the place to the greatest extent Then evacuate. When people are trapped and cannot be evacuated, persuade them to stay calm, lead everyone to a relatively safe place to avoid fireworks, wait for rescue, and inform the fire brigade of the location of the trapped people as soon as possible;

8. Personnel responsible for evacuation guidance should always maintain contact with the command center or fire control room, fire-fighting operation team, and communication liaison team, and adjust evacuation routes at any time according to changes in the fire scene;

9. When the fire is out of control At this time, the fire scene commander should promptly notify all rescue personnel to evacuate.

4. Fire publicity, education and training capabilities

The fire safety protection tasks in shopping malls and markets are important. Unit leaders and every employee must master basic fire safety knowledge and have basic fire safety knowledge. Fire prevention and extinguishing skills. At the same time, effective measures must be taken to promote fire protection knowledge to customers. Therefore, units must have fire safety education capabilities.

1. The legal representatives, principal persons in charge and fire safety managers of shopping malls and markets must clarify and perform fire safety responsibilities, abide by fire protection laws and regulations, implement various fire safety rules and regulations, and become fire safety officials. Safety savvy person;

2. Based on the actual situation of the unit, study and formulate a level-by-level fire safety responsibility system; fire safety operating procedures; fire safety education and training system; fire prevention inspection and inspection system; fire protection facilities and equipment maintenance and management system ; Fire control room or duty room duty system, fire alarm handling procedures; fire, electricity, oil and gas safety management system; fire hazard rectification system; fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plan drill system; fire safety work evaluation and reward and punishment system, etc.;

3. It is necessary to strengthen fire safety training for employees before taking up or transferring jobs. Only those who pass the assessment can take up the job. For on-the-job personnel, fire safety education should be conducted at least once every six months. Make employees understand the fire hazards of their positions, understand fire prevention measures, understand fire fighting methods, and understand escape methods; they can use fire-fighting equipment, call fire alarms, put out first-time fires, and organize evacuation and escape;

4. Make full use of customer instructions, service guides, display boards, billboards, electronic displays, bulletin boards, cable broadcasts, cable TV and other publicity carriers to carry out fire protection publicity; use daily roll calls, regular meetings, shift handovers, summary meetings, and store celebrations and other activities to carry out fire protection publicity and education;

5. Shopping malls and markets should set up full-time and part-time fire protection propagandists. After professional training, they will specialize in (responsible for) fire protection publicity and education. At the same time, the unit should also set up "fire safety notices" at the main entrances and exits to promote fire protection to outsiders;

6. The unit's fire protection facilities and equipment should be pasted with informative or warning signs and placed in key locations. , paste warning signs such as "No Fireworks" and "No Smoking" in places where people gather;

Part 2

The "Four Capabilities" for Fire Safety in Shopping Malls and Markets

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Main Fire Safety Management System

Fire Prevention Inspection System

1. Fire prevention inspection personnel are served by security personnel;

2. The frequency of fire prevention inspections is Once every 2 hours, the business site should also be inspected at the end of business to eliminate any remaining fires;

3. Communication tools such as walkie-talkies and jack phones should be carried during fire inspections. If a fire is found, the fire alarm should be reported immediately and implemented Save. Fire prevention inspections should include the following contents:

(1) Whether there are any violations in the use of fire and electricity;

(2) Whether safety exits and evacuation passages are smooth and whether they are locked; Whether safety evacuation signs and emergency lighting are intact;

(3) Whether normally closed fire doors are closed, and whether items are stacked under fire shutters;

(4) Fire protection facilities , Whether the equipment is in place, complete and effective. Whether the fire safety signs are intact and clear;

(5) The presence of personnel in key fire safety areas;

(6) Other fire safety conditions.

4. Fire prevention inspection personnel should promptly correct violations and properly handle fire hazards. If it cannot be dealt with, it should be reported immediately.

5. Fire prevention inspection personnel should fill in the "Daily Fire Prevention Inspection Record Form (2-hour inspection)", and the inspection personnel and their supervisors should sign on the inspection record.

6. If a fire hazard is discovered, a fire hazard rectification notice should be filled in promptly and the rectification should be urged.

Fire prevention inspection system

1. The fire prevention inspection personnel shall be the fire safety managers and unit security personnel of each department;

2. Fire prevention inspections of each department shall be conducted every day The fire prevention inspection of the unit should be conducted once a week;

3. The contents of the fire prevention inspection should include:

(1) Fire truck passages and fire water sources;

(2) Safety evacuation passages, stairs, safety exits, their evacuation indication signs, and emergency lighting conditions;

(3) The setting of fire safety signs;

(4) Configuration and intactness of fire-fighting equipment;

(5) Operation status of building fire protection facilities;

(6) Fire control room duty status, fire control equipment operation status and related records;

(7) Whether there are any violations in the use of fire and electricity;

(8) Management of key parts of fire safety;

(9) Implementation of fire prevention inspections Situation and records;

(10) Rectification of fire hazards and implementation of preventive measures;

(11) Fire protection, explosion protection and lightning protection in places with flammable and explosive dangerous goods The implementation of measures;

(12) The blocking of key fire separation parts such as floor slabs, firewalls and shaft holes;

(13) Personnel and others in key fire safety positions Employees’ knowledge of fire protection knowledge.

4. During the fire inspection, the "Fire Prevention Inspection Record Form" should be filled in and filed for future reference.

Fire hazard rectification system

1. Various potential unsafe factors discovered during fire prevention inspections or fire inspections due to violations or non-compliance with fire protection regulations should be identified as fire hazards , and eliminate them in a timely manner;

2. If a fire hazard is discovered, it should be corrected immediately. If it cannot be corrected immediately, the "Fire Hazard Rectification Registration Form" should be filled in and reported to the superior supervisor in a timely manner;

3 . The fire safety manager or department fire safety person in charge should organize the identification of reported fire hazards;

4. The person in charge of the fire safety department should review the problems existing in the "Fire Hazard Rectification Registration Form" item by item. Propose rectification suggestions and preventive measures. The person or manager responsible for fire safety of the unit should specify the department responsible for rectification, the responsible person, the time limit for rectification and the source of funds required;

5. Anyone who has any of the following behaviors should be determined as a fire hazard:

a) It affects the safe evacuation of personnel or fire-fighting and rescue operations and cannot be corrected immediately;

b) The fire-fighting facilities are not intact and effective, affecting the fire prevention and fire-extinguishing function;

c) Changing the fire protection zoning without authorization can easily lead to the spread and expansion of the fire;

d) Violating fire safety regulations in crowded places, using and storing flammable and explosive chemicals, and failing to correct them immediately;

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6. The following violations of fire safety regulations should be corrected immediately:

a) Illegal entry into places where flammable and explosive dangerous goods are produced or stored;

b) Violating prohibitions by using open flames for work or smoking or using open flames in places with fire or explosion risks;

c) Locking or blocking safety exits, or occupying fire prevention distances or blocking evacuation passages;

d) Fire-fighting facilities and fire-fighting equipment are blocked or used for other purposes;

e) Normally closed fire doors are open or stacked under fire shutters items;

f) Illegal closing of fire protection facilities and cutting off fire power;

g) Violation of fire safety regulations, production, use, storage, sale, transportation or destruction of flammable materials Explosive dangerous goods;

h) Fire-fighting facility management, on-duty personnel and fire prevention patrol personnel are off duty;

i) Other fire-fighting violations that should be corrected immediately.

7. During the rectification period of fire hazards, corresponding measures should be taken to ensure safety.

8. If the major fire hazards identified by the public security fire protection agency cannot be rectified immediately, the dangerous parts should be suspended for rectification.

9. For major fire hazards involving urban planning and layout that cannot be solved by oneself, solutions should be proposed and reported to the superior authority or the local people's government in a timely manner.

10. The fire safety manager or the person in charge of the fire safety department should organize the confirmation of fire hazards that have been rectified.

11. Fire hazards and major fire hazards that are ordered to be corrected within a time limit by the public security firefighting agency shall be corrected within the prescribed time limit, and a reply letter of fire hazard rectification shall be sent to the public security firefighting agency.

Fire-fighting facility repair and maintenance system

1. If problems and malfunctions are found in building fire-fighting facilities during duty, inspection, inspection, and fire-fighting drills, fire-fighting facility maintenance personnel should fill in the "Building Fire-fighting Facilities Repair and Maintenance System" Fire Facility Failure Maintenance Record Form" and should be reported to the unit's fire safety manager.

2. Fire protection facility maintenance personnel should immediately report problems and malfunctions of building fire protection facilities to the relevant person in charge and organize maintenance. If it is possible to repair and solve the problem on the spot, it should be repaired and solved on the spot; if it is not possible to repair and solve the problem on the spot, it should be repaired and solved within 24 hours as much as possible; if the supplier or manufacturer needs to provide spare parts or assist in repairing and solving, if it does not affect the main functions of the system, , can be resolved within 7 working days. After troubleshooting, it should be inspected and confirmed by the unit’s fire safety manager. The maintenance status should be recorded in the "Building Fire Protection Facilities Failure Maintenance Record Form".

3. The unit’s fire safety manager should require the building fire protection facilities use and maintenance management unit to formulate a maintenance plan based on the environment and product maintenance requirements of the unit’s fire protection facilities. The building fire protection facilities maintenance plan should list the names of the fire protection facilities, and the content and period of maintenance of the fire protection facilities should be clear.

4. The person in charge of fire protection facility maintenance should designate a dedicated person to reserve a certain number of wearing parts for building fire protection facilities or sign relevant contracts with relevant product manufacturers and suppliers to ensure supply.

5. When performing maintenance of building fire protection facilities, fire protection facility maintenance personnel should be responsible for filling in the "Building Fire Protection Facilities Maintenance Record Form".

6. Fire-fighting equipment, pipes, and valves that are prone to pollution, corrosion, and rust should be cleaned, rusted, and lubricated regularly.

7. Point-type smoke and fire detectors should be cleaned and calibrated regularly according to the requirements of the product manual; if there is no clear requirement in the product manual, they should be cleaned and calibrated every 2 years. Combustible gas detectors should be calibrated regularly according to the requirements of the product manual. The calibration of fire detectors and combustible gas detectors should be undertaken by the manufacturer or a qualified testing agency. The unit responsible for calibration should issue calibration records.

8. Pressure vessels that store fire extinguishing agents and driving gases should be tested and marked regularly in accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Gas Cylinder Testing Regulations".

9. Fire extinguishing agents such as foam and dry powder should be entrusted to qualified units to conduct tests including fire extinguishing performance according to the product instructions.

10. For fire-fighting equipment that uses batteries as backup power sources, the batteries should be maintained regularly in accordance with the requirements of the product manual.

11. Other types of fire-fighting equipment should be regularly maintained in accordance with the requirements of the product manual.

12. Replace products and equipment in a timely manner according to the following requirements: the replacement cycle of wearing parts should not exceed the service life indicated in the product manual; the replacement cycle of fire-fighting equipment should not exceed the product life indicated in the product manual; Fire detectors, pressure vessels, fire extinguishing agents, etc. that have been inspected and tested and can no longer be put into use.

Fire safety education and training system

1. Set up a fire protection publicity and training room alone or in combination with other places, hang and place publicity and training materials and facilities, and be able to carry out fire protection publicity and training.

2. Carry out regular fire safety education through various forms every year.

3. Conduct fire safety training for each employee at least twice a year.

4. The contents of fire safety publicity, education and training include:

1. Relevant fire regulations, fire safety systems and operating procedures to ensure fire safety.

2. The fire risk and fire prevention measures of this unit and this position.

3. Regarding the performance of fire-fighting facilities and the use of fire-extinguishing equipment.

4. Knowledge and skills of reporting fire alarms, putting out initial fires, and self-rescue and escape.

5. Knowledge and skills in organizing and guiding the evacuation of people present.

5. The following personnel need to receive special training on fire safety:

1. The person responsible for fire safety of the unit and the fire safety manager.

2. Full-time and part-time fire management personnel.

3. On-duty and operating personnel in the fire control room.

4. Personnel in key positions and key types of work.

6. Organize pre-job fire safety training for new employees and employees entering new positions.

Fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plan drill system

1. The unit’s fire safety leading group should be responsible for researching and formulating practical fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans.

2. The organizational structure of the fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plan includes: fire-fighting action group, communication group, evacuation guidance group, and safety protection and rescue group. The division of labor should be clear and each group should perform its duties. The responsibilities of each group are as follows:

1. The fire prevention inspection team is responsible for the fire protection publicity and fire protection knowledge popularization of the unit, conducts regular fire prevention inspections, and discovers and eliminates fire hazards.

2. The fire-fighting operation team is responsible for putting out fires and must be familiar with the fire-fighting facilities and water sources of the unit.

3. The communication liaison team is responsible for fire alarm, fire scene communication, responding to fire trucks and other tasks.

4. The evacuation guidance team is responsible for guiding the safe evacuation of people in the fire scene, and is responsible for rescuing trapped people and important supplies.

5. The safety protection and rescue team is responsible for the security of the fire scene, maintaining the order of the fire scene, protecting the fire scene, preventing the loss of materials, and responsible for the rescue of injured people.

3. Conduct a drill at least once every six months, and continuously improve the plan based on actual conditions. Records should be filled in after the drill.

4. During fire drills, clear signs should be set up and personnel within the scope of the drill should be informed in advance.

Fire safety work evaluation and reward and punishment system

1. The unit conducts half-year and year-end evaluations of fire safety work, and rewards and penalties are implemented based on the evaluation results.

2. If one of the following situations occurs, spiritual and material rewards will be given according to the situation:

1. Seriously perform the fire safety post responsibilities, strictly implement the fire safety system, and make contributions to fire safety. Those who have made outstanding achievements;

2. Those who report major fire hazards in a timely manner;

3. Those who discover the first fire and promptly call the police and put out the fire to avoid heavy losses;

4. Those who make correct judgments in fire situations, decisive handling, and outstanding firefighting achievements;

5. Those who actively participate in fire protection publicity and education training and achieve excellent results in fire protection business theory competitions;

6. Those with other outstanding achievements and outstanding performance in firefighting work.

List of other relevant fire safety management systems in shopping malls and markets:

Management system for key fire safety parts

Inspection system for key fire safety parts

Fire control room management and emergency procedure system

Construction fire fire safety management system

Electrical fire safety management system

Fire safety of specialty stores and sales counters Management system

Safe evacuation facility management system

Fire safety regular meeting system

Fire protection file management system

Part 3:

Fire hazards in shopping malls and markets and key protected areas for fire safety

Fire hazards:

1. Shared spaces such as atriums can easily cause fires to spread and form Large area three-dimensional fire.

2. It is easy to occupy evacuation passages and "eclipse" the fire prevention distance.

3. There are many combustible goods, which can easily cause major economic losses.

4. During business hours, people are highly dense and evacuation is difficult, which can easily cause heavy casualties.

5. There are many fire and electrical equipment, which poses a high risk of disaster.

6. It is extremely difficult to save.

Key protection parts for fire safety:

Generator room, warehouse, high and low voltage distribution room, electrical equipment, water pump room, evacuation passage, store, dining area and kitchen , fire control room and other parts should be set as key protection parts for fire safety.

Part 6

Fire safety publicity in shopping malls and markets

1. The unit should set up a "Fire Safety Responsibility Notice" and a "Fire Safety Commitment Letter" at the elevator entrance, and set up reminders on each floor that "Fire hazards, safety exits, evacuation passage locations and escape routes, fire protection facilities, and equipment must be used. Signage promotion tips;

2. Pictures related to the construction of the "four abilities" of fire safety should be posted in areas where employees frequently move to enhance employees' common sense understanding of the "four abilities" of fire safety; through fire protection Promote knowledge about fire prevention, fire extinguishing, and emergency escape to the public through publications, videos, the Internet, and fire protection cultural activities;

3. Through the production and purchase of fire protection publicity and education training materials, and the use of fire protection publicity garden display boards, Three tips on fire safety: record fire safety broadcasts and carry out daily fire safety publicity and education in the form of slogans, columns, etc.

4. Shopping malls and markets should set up the following fire safety signs and icons according to their own characteristics: 1) A fire evacuation route map should be posted inside the fire extinguisher box;

2) How to use signs should be posted on the fire extinguisher box;

3) "Three Fire Safety Tips" icons should be posted on each floor ;

4) Each safety exit should be equipped with a safety exit sign;

5) The evacuation corridor should be equipped with an evacuation instruction sign every 20 meters;

6 ) Indoor fire hydrant boxes should be equipped with instructions for operation and use;

7) Normally closed fire doors should be equipped with signs such as "Normally closed fire doors please keep them normally closed"

5. . Fire evacuation route map identification requirements:

The locations of evacuation aisles, evacuation stairs, and elevators must be clearly marked (clearly which one is the fire elevator). At the same time, evacuation routes must be considered according to the fire situation at different locations. Use Marking lines of different colors indicate the direction of the evacuation route and the location of the current area in the map.