Policy system of energy saving and emission reduction measures

According to the 11th Five-Year Plan, China's energy consumption per unit GDP must be reduced by 20% in five years. 20 10 In May, the State Council issued the Notice of the State Council on Further Strengthening Work to Ensure the Implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, proposing that "the regions, enterprise groups and administrative inaction departments that have not completed their tasks should be investigated for their main leadership responsibilities".

Subsequently, various localities have introduced policies. An official in a province even admitted that the deadline is approaching, and the government has clearly linked the completion of energy conservation and emission reduction with the assessment of local officials. At present, the most effective way is probably to directly cut off power; What's more, direct notice to stop production. I am afraid that similar ideas and practices exist in more than one province, and the policy by-products brought by them need to be summarized and reflected.

The first by-product of power rationing-"diesel shortage"

In order to accomplish the task of energy conservation and emission reduction, many local governments adopt a rough "one size fits all" administrative management model, which has a negative impact on the production order of enterprises, national economy and social stability. Because many local power supply lines can't tell the users of industries, residents, public facilities and other properties, not to mention energy-saving enterprises and energy-consuming enterprises, or industrial processing enterprises and agricultural deep processing enterprises, they can't tell the difference between domestic trade processing or foreign trade order processing and the length of the contract period. As long as they are within their jurisdiction, there will be no discussion on power outages strongly promoted by local governments. This not only completely broke the business cycle and resource allocation efficiency of enterprises, but also quickly transmitted to other raw material markets such as steel and cement.

Even, some local governments have come up with new measures to manage electricity quotas and created administrative rationing rights and rent-seeking opportunities for local governments. Even so, it can only meet the needs of less than 50% enterprises at most. In this case, enterprises have to invest more than 200,000 yuan each to buy diesel generators and diesel to maintain production and operation, so that the operating costs of enterprises do not fall below the stop point. Although the converted electricity price of enterprises using diesel oil is about 0/.5 ~ 2 yuan per kWh, which is nearly 2 ~ 3 times higher than the on-grid electricity price of 0.7 ~ 0.8 yuan, enterprises using diesel oil to generate electricity are basically single losses, but as long as they can pay all the variable costs or make up part of the fixed costs, enterprises must make this choice of starting at a loss. The inevitable result is that while creating by-products of "diesel shortage", it also weakens the ability of enterprises to accumulate benign and sustainable development.

Respond to the crisis and create a second by-product

"Diesel oil shortage" directly affects the trade and logistics industries such as waterway and land, fishery production at the end of the closed fishing season in coastal areas, agricultural production in autumn, infrastructure projects and the normal construction progress of general processing industries, and causes public criticism of state-owned oil enterprises.

Faced with the pressure of public opinion and the continuous shortage of diesel oil supply in various places, state-owned petrochemical enterprises are fully engaged in crude oil refining. Among them, the daily processing capacity of PetroChina crude oil exceeds 400,000 tons; Sinopec also announced five measures to ensure diesel supply, and even stopped the scheduled routine maintenance plan at the end of the year; And issued a document, specifically emphasizing the requirement for subordinate refineries to increase diesel oil production, and introducing the incentive policy that refineries can get 1 10,000 yuan per ton of diesel oil exceeding the planned production, as well as measures such as increasing diesel oil imports. They use all available means to deal with the abnormal production and supply crisis of single product shortage.

In this abnormal crisis, the surge in diesel demand will inevitably lead to an oversupply of gasoline, and even have to export at a low price because of the surplus, which will eventually bring business risks to enterprises. At the same time, the incentive policy of exceeding the planned price of RMB per ton 1000 will reduce the profitability of enterprises and directly reduce the dividends and shareholders' equity of SASAC.

Most importantly, the daily maintenance planned at the end of the year is the basic guarantee for the safe production and operation of enterprises, and it is the result of scientific optimization calculation. If you ignore your own business safety margin for the sake of other people's policy defects for a long time, that is, you should invest in maintenance instead of doing it, which is very likely to lay a hidden danger of vicious accidents for enterprises. Once an accident happens, it is usually a major environmental disaster, which will not only cause damage to the enterprise, but also cause great losses to the area where the enterprise is located.

Energy saving and emission reduction "reaching the standard" to create the third set of by-products

According to media reports, starting from August 26th, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province implemented the policy of industrial electricity 1 day zoning power restriction. Some areas in Wenzhou have promulgated that every 1 day, enterprises will be blacked out for 2 ~ 4 days. Gaoyao City, Guangdong Province has imposed power rationing on 50 enterprises in the city from 201September1to 201February 3 1. Such power rationing policies are numerous and varied all over the country, and the negative results are also shocking.

1. Lost order and market. In some foreign trade enterprises, power cuts have caused some orders to default, and a large amount of liquidated damages have to be paid. Therefore, enterprises basically do not accept new customers. For old customers, in order not to lose them, sometimes they have to generate electricity to complete orders and do business at a loss.

2. Capital chain and supply chain break crisis. For some heavy industries with long industrial chains, under normal operating conditions, enterprises usually adopt the methods of "sending raw materials first and then paying" and "paying money first and then giving goods" to finished products. However, due to power cuts and long-term production suspension, upstream raw material suppliers will demand payment, and downstream customers will not pay again. When an enterprise stops production, it will generate a lot of expenses, which will inevitably lead to a tight or even broken capital chain, and ultimately affect the resource allocation efficiency of financial institutions such as banks and related supporting industries such as railway transportation and warehousing.

3. The sunk cost increases. Especially in steel-making enterprises, in order to maintain the temperature of ladle, the daily maintenance cost exceeds 6,543,800 yuan, but the sunk cost created by it needs to be borne by the enterprises themselves.

It reduces the energy efficiency of the whole country. The production cost of diesel power generation is higher than that of thermal power and hydropower, so the electricity used to protect the power grid can not be used, which not only can not save energy and reduce consumption, but will cause greater waste of petrochemical resources. Moreover, China's power system can't reach the advanced intelligent management level such as national intelligent configuration and super-large electric energy storage. The power consumption rate, operating rate and operating performance of thermal power and hydropower enterprises will be affected by power rationing, which will further affect the overall utilization efficiency of energy resources in the country.

5. Short-term involuntary unemployment caused by production suspension. According to the survey data, in the month of June 5438+065438+ 10, more than 2,000 private gas stations in South China have closed down due to lack of oil, and the number in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces is as high as hundreds. This not only worsens the operating environment of the logistics industry, but also forces tens of thousands of gas station workers to accept unpaid or reduced wages, leaving them in an involuntary and semi-unemployed state. As for the processing industry, most enterprises in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are paid by piece, and power cut will directly reduce workers' income and income expectations. In the case that it is difficult for the original enterprises to recruit workers, the phenomenon of pulling gangs and resigning due to the decline in income has begun to appear, which has worsened the business environment of non-public small and medium-sized processing enterprises.

6. Residents and public facilities have become another affected fish pond. Power outages in some places have affected residents and public facilities. Administrative measures not only deprive residents of the right to consume electricity, but also cut off electricity and water in their homes. What's more, public facilities can't work normally, and traffic lights in hospitals and highways are not immune. The direct and indirect losses caused have far exceeded the contribution of "energy saving and emission reduction".

7. Administrative expenses have increased. A series of problems, such as power failure, have forced the government to increase the workload of error detection and correction, as well as the constant press conferences and work adjustments held by governments at all levels, further increasing the expenditure of administrative costs and wasting taxpayers' taxes.