What is the significance of the survey on rural ecological environment and scientific development?

Investigation Report on Rural Ecological Environment and Scientific Development

——Recording Caodu Village, Linhe Town, Siyang County, Jiangsu Province

China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Ocean College 11108125 Yu Xuan

1: Research background

The Second Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the great goal of building a new socialist countryside and determined the "development of production, affluent life, and rural customs" As a contemporary college student, we should go out of campus and actively pay attention to the construction of new rural areas and the construction of environmentally friendly new rural areas. To this end, I conducted a survey on "rural ecological environment and scientific development" using Caodu Village, Linhe Town, Siyang County, Jiangsu Province as an example.

Caodu Village belongs to Siyang County, Jiangsu Province. It is a warm temperate yellow alluvial plain with a subtropical monsoon climate. It has abundant sunshine, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, and a long frost-free period. It has superior natural conditions for the development of agriculture. 2008 In 2008, the village had 728 households with 2,810 residents. In 2008, the per capita net income of farmers was 5,812 yuan. The villagers mainly rely on farming and going out to work during leisure time to obtain their source of income. The village has an industrial enterprise of a certain scale, which is a typical rural environment as a whole. Moreover, the village is also a new rural construction demonstration village and can represent the vast rural areas. Therefore, comprehensive statistics and analysis of these data can be carried out to obtain a more scientific understanding of the overall ecological status of the vast rural areas, and some reasonable measures can be taken to improve these status quos. At the end of the investigation, we also gave some current situation analysis and feasibility suggestions.

2: Ecological Current Situation

The forest coverage rate in Siyang County has reached 42.7, ranking first among the plain areas in the country. It is 16.7 percentage points higher than the forest coverage rate of 26 in the country and " The forest coverage standard of 23 required by "Comprehensive Moderately Prosperous" is nearly 20 percentage points higher. The Caodu Village I investigated is located between the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and the abandoned Yellow River. It has more plain forests, fresh air, less industrial development, and the overall atmosphere and environment are well preserved.

From the perspective of household drinking water, Caodu Village is located on the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and has sufficient water sources. The vast majority of farmers use tap water, accounting for 90% of the total, and drilling wells has basically been eliminated. However, some farmers also use wells while using tap water. The groundwater in the village contains a lot of fluoride, and the teeth of the elderly who often drink groundwater are prone to yellowing. However, there is no such problem with the current tap water. It can be said that there is no problem with the drinking water in Caodu Village and it will not pose a threat to the health of the villagers.

Compared with the sources of used water, the treatment situation of various sewage is not so optimistic. Household sewage mainly comes from domestic sewage and aquaculture sewage. The villagers' habitual way of disposing of the domestic sewage generated after use is to dispose of it anywhere, pour it directly on the cement floor to dry naturally, some will also pour it directly into the ground, and some will use the sewer discharge method, and the final outlet of the sewer However, it is the small rivers or small ponds around the village that do not fundamentally treat the sewage, but instead aggravate the pollution of the surrounding rivers.

Regarding wastewater from the breeding industry, since most livestock are kept in confinement, farmers will regularly clean up the breeding pens. Taking the pig pen as an example, there is usually a deep pit at the back of the pig house, which is specially used to contain pig excrement and sewage when cleaning the pig house. But I found that these pits emitted a bad smell, attracted many flies, and seriously affected the surrounding environment.

Another serious impact on the ecological environment corresponding to sewage is various kinds of garbage, including domestic garbage, livestock waste, straw and weeds, etc., the top three species accounted for 67, 10, and 11 respectively. The problem with domestic waste lies in the random discharge of domestic waste by villagers, throwing it directly on the roadside or in the open space outside the door, and even dumping garbage in small ponds and rivers, as well as the random disposal of some electronic waste, such as batteries, etc., due to weak environmental awareness. After sorting and recycling, it is mixed with general household waste and discarded.

Some villagers piled straw nearby after harvesting, burned some of it, and left some to rot and accumulate after being exposed to rain, etc. This also aggravated the accumulation of garbage to a certain extent. Due to the use of chemical fertilizers in recent years, villagers have become less dependent on artificial composting of waste, and many wastes cannot be effectively processed. Taken together, the garbage pollution situation in rural areas is relatively serious, and various untreated garbage accumulations can be seen everywhere.

Another potential threat to the ecological environment is pesticides. I learned from the head of Caodu Village and combined with my own observations, I observed that the use of chemical fertilizers in the village has not been passed on to humans and animals. to harm. However, with the extensive use of chemical fertilizers, these effects are not obvious in the short term, but their harm to the ecological environment cannot be ignored. With the emergence of a large number of pesticide products and their continuous improvement in performance in recent years, villagers' dependence on pesticides has continued to increase. During the investigation, the villagers also admitted that with the improvement of the quality of life, many production activities that were originally performed manually have been replaced by chemical methods, such as deworming and weeding crops. In the past, people worked in the fields. Nowadays, pesticides are sprayed to eradicate crops while they are still seedlings. A large number of harmful substances in pesticides and fertilizers remain in the soil, causing soil hardening and reduced farmland yields. This in turn encourages villagers to use more chemical fertilizers to increase yields, creating a vicious cycle. The high loss rate and low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers not only leads to soil pollution in farmland, but also causes pollution to water bodies through rainwater, etc. The improper use of pesticides and fertilizers accounts for a considerable proportion in the process of damage to the rural ecological environment.

Fourth is the impact of industrial waste. It was noted that the village has one industrial enterprise of a certain scale and three small businesses, which mainly rely on the rich wood resources in Siyang, the hometown of Italian Yang in China, to process wooden boards and boards. This type of enterprise consumes a lot of water and produces a lot of industrial wastewater. According to my observations and surveys from the villagers, the village does not have a sewage treatment system, and the industrial sewage is discharged directly into the main canal in front of the door. When I get closer, Can smell a strong pungent odor. When I walked into the factory to find out more, a person in charge claimed that it had been simply treated, but the villagers disagreed. In fact, in rural areas, companies know that there is pollution but are unwilling to spend a lot of money to treat it. I saw that the grass on both sides of the sewage ditch had turned yellow, indicating that the sewage had harmed the local soil and destroyed vegetation.

In addition to the four major factors affecting the ecological environment mentioned above, there are also other influences. During the harvest season, 40% of the straw is burned on-site and the large amount of smoke produced harms the air quality; the sewage in the pits and ponds that has not been treated all year round pollutes the surrounding environment; traditional burning methods pollute the atmosphere, etc. Since these factors have certain seasonal or other factors, their impact on the ecological environment is not that great, but they cannot be ignored.

To sum up, the ecological environment of the village is not satisfactory, although it is generally good. However, villagers do not pay much attention to the dumping of domestic sewage and solid waste. The villagers' awareness of ecological protection is worrying.

Three: Influencing factors

Based on the survey results, I believe that the factors that hinder the process of maintaining the ecological environment are mainly in the following aspects:

(1) Farmers The awareness of protecting the ecological environment is very lacking. This is the most critical one. In many cases, it is not that farmers are unwilling to maintain the ecological environment, but that they have no concept of the ecological environment and pollution. Regarding domestic sewage, they don't think there is anything wrong with dumping it casually. As long as it is dumped out of the house and does not affect others, there is no problem. They will not think of pollution or the ecological environment. As long as it is convenient to burn on site, how can some smoke be linked to air pollution? There is no concept of global warming or acid rain in their consciousness, and they do not associate these abstract things with their lives. It is these seemingly insignificant ignorances that are gradually pushing our ecological environment onto a dangerous path.

(2) The local government does not pay enough attention. If the villagers' ignorance of the ecological environment is understandable, the government's neglect of the ecological environment cannot be spared its blame.

The significance of local government is to carry out reasonable publicity and guidance. In most rural areas, although there are various scientific propaganda activities organized by the government, environmental protection science popularization activities and other activities that are helpful to improve farmers’ environmental awareness, they are not fully implemented. Unexpectedly, this is also an important reason for farmers' low awareness of ecological environment. The local government has not played a good guiding role in guiding farmers, and has not made reasonable plans for regional ecological and environmental protection work. To a certain extent, the local government may not have conducted a detailed investigation of the ecological environment of the region, formulated protection measures, let alone maintenance. In addition, in order to purely pursue the development of GDP, local governments often give the green light to the companies they attract investment and turn a blind eye to their pollution discharge behaviors. This indulgent behavior is causing increasing challenges in the rural environment.

Four: Targeted measures

In response to the above problems, I think we should start from the following aspects:

(1): In the analysis of the causes, we It can be seen that a large aspect that causes various ecological environment hazards is that farmers

have insufficient understanding of maintaining the ecological environment and have poor environmental awareness. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out various ecological environment publicity activities. I think we can write more environmental protection slogans, organize villagers to watch some environmental protection videos, and continuously improve the villagers' environmental literacy.

(2): Local governments should not only focus on economic development but ignore the cost of sacrificing the environment. I think this requires reforming the standards for evaluating officials. We can’t “just focus on GDP” and we can’t be short-sighted and sacrifice the interests of future generations. Only in this way can local governments better coordinate and develop scientifically.

(3): The state should increase its efforts to encourage college students to become village officials and encourage college students to take root in rural areas and start businesses in rural areas. College students are generally well-educated and understand environmental protection, which can lead people around them to participate in environmental protection. College students have a good knowledge base and can teach farmers some scientific and technological knowledge, thereby guiding them to use chemical fertilizers scientifically.

(4): Acts that damage the environment can be punished through legislation, and environmental protection laws can be publicized in rural areas to attract the attention of villagers. This will be supplemented by the establishment of some garbage transfer stations and sewage pipelines to centrally process garbage and wastewater from each household.

The management of the rural ecological environment requires close cooperation between farmers, local governments, and the state. Only when farmers’ environmental awareness is improved, local attention is strengthened, and national investment is increased, can the ecological environment be effectively managed. There is a reasonable and scientific channel for maintenance, so that the development of the ecological environment can enter a virtuous cycle.

Five: The "new" of the new countryside

(1) Biogas digester

As a model village for the new countryside, Caodu Village has 728 households in the village. 223 households have established biogas digesters, accounting for about one-third. There are many benefits to developing biogas, including the following four major advantages:

1. The development of rural biogas promotes the development of rural production

Rural biogas uses biogas as a link, leading to the breeding industry in the first place and the latter Promote the planting and breeding industry, and the more development of the breeding industry, the more biogas and biogas fertilizers are provided, which not only saves a lot of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and fuels, but also promotes the production of pollution-free agricultural products, forming "pig-biogas-fruit" and "pig-biogas-vegetables" Different courtyard circular economy models can also carry out deep processing and comprehensive utilization of a variety of agricultural and sideline products, promote local village construction industry, and create a good employment environment. It can be said that rural biogas construction is a project to enrich the people with "one pool with multiple industries". Entrepreneurship Engineering.

2. The development of rural biogas has promoted the prosperity of farmers

According to a survey of biogas users, it requires an investment of 3,000 to build an 8 cubic meter "one pool and three improvements" household biogas project. Yuan, with a service life of up to 15 years, and an annual biogas output of more than 300 cubic meters, which can be used by a family of 3-5 people for cooking, lighting, and daily life. This alone can save farmers about 800 Yuan per year, and the average farming household 3 pigs, an increase of 300 yuan in income, can provide 10 tons of biogas fertilizer, replace 150 kilograms of chemical fertilizers, and save 100 yuan. In addition, comprehensive utilization of biogas carbon dioxide fertilization, biogas slurry spraying, etc. has significantly increased production and income. The above total households The average annual income and expenditure can be increased by more than 1,400 yuan, which has become an effective way for farmers in the village to increase their income, get rid of poverty and become rich.

3. The development of rural biogas has promoted the tidiness of rural villages and civilized rural customs

The combination of rural biogas and kitchen, toilet and housing improvements has changed the traditional production of farmers. The method, combined with improving water, roads, and courtyards, has improved the appearance of the village and the living environment. At the same time, it has freed rural women from the smoke and fire, enjoyed a modern and civilized lifestyle, and improved the quality of rural life. and the health level of the people, and its social benefits are immeasurable.

4. The development of rural biogas has promoted the healthy development of rural areas

After farmers build biogas digesters, they make full use of rural renewable resources, turn waste into treasure, and use biogas as fuel. , can save most of the straw for industrial papermaking, local mushroom cultivation and return to fields, effectively improve the utilization efficiency of straw, have high ecological and economic benefits, and promote the rural economy towards a virtuous cycle that supports healthy development. .

As a model village for new rural construction, Caodu Village has made certain achievements in the construction of biogas digesters. It not only protects the local environment

, but also increases farmers' income and makes them rich. Therefore, it can be promoted to the whole county. Siyang County is located in northern Jiangsu, in the warm temperate yellow floodplain. The county governs 18 towns and villages, with a total population of 960,000 and a total area of ??1,418 square kilometers. It has a subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine, four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, and a long frost-free period, which are excellent natural conditions for the development of agriculture. In 2008, the county's total grain output was 450,000 tons, the total output value of the planting industry was 1.98265 million yuan, and the livestock and poultry industry achieved a total The output value is 639.72 million yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers reaches 5,812 yuan, and agricultural industrialization management has begun to take shape. Therefore, the development of rural biogas has rich agricultural resources. First, the proportion of grain crops is high and the straw yield is high. The county's crop sowing area is 10.23 hectares, including 1.1533 million acres of grain sowing area. The total annual crop straw output reaches 400,000 tons, which is equivalent to 200,000 tons of standard coal. If all is used to produce biogas, it can meet the living needs of nearly 140,000 farmers. Yes, there are currently four main ways to utilize straw: (1) Returning straw to fields accounts for about 15% of the total; (2) Using it as livestock and poultry feed accounts for about 20% of the total output; (3) Using it for cooking. Heating accounts for about 10% of the total; (4) As raw materials for growing mushrooms and papermaking raw materials account for 15%. The remaining 40 straws were burned and not fully utilized, resulting in a huge waste of resources. Second, the breeding volume is large and there is a lot of feces. Siyang County is an underdeveloped area in northern Jiangsu with traditional breeding habits. In addition, the Siyang County government has vigorously supported farmers in recent years, and the types and scale of livestock and poultry breeding in the county have expanded rapidly. In 2008, the county had 75,000 cattle, 405,300 sheep, 250,000 pigs, and 12 million chickens. It is initially estimated that the total amount of livestock and poultry manure is about 830,000 tons, equivalent to 83,000 tons of standard coal. A large amount of manure causes atmospheric environmental pollution due to low utilization rate. Through the development of rural biogas, these rural renewable resources can be fully utilized and waste can be turned into treasure in one fell swoop. Duode is an ideal way and model for rural renewable energy development and utilization.

(2) Tap water

The whole village has built a tap water network as early as the end of 2007. The groundwater pumped from the previous home has become a unified water supply, which is both convenient and guaranteed. Safety. In other parts of Siyang County, many families still use ancient wells, dug wells, or water pumps to pump water.

(3) "Collective Farms"

Such a situation can be seen in Siyang County. In the past, commercial housing was only available in the county town, but now it is also being built in rural areas. I learned from the villagers that there used to be more than a dozen families at the foot of the canal embankment. Due to the low-lying terrain, they have now moved into buildings. In the past, there was no supermarket here, only a small canteen. Now, two large supermarkets, Hualian and Suguo, have been opened, which greatly facilitates the villagers. They no longer have to travel far to the town to attend the market.

(4) "Village-to-Village" Project

When I went to Caodu Village, I saw a cement road about 3.5 meters wide in the green farmland. When you reach any nearby village, the roads are smooth, clean and tidy. Gone are the days when rural roads were rainy and muddy. As the saying goes: "If you want to get rich, build roads first." After the roads are repaired, tractors, harvesters, etc. can drive into the farmland faster and more conveniently during harvesting, greatly improving harvesting efficiency. I heard from the village chief that this is a loan from the Jiangsu Provincial Government from the World Bank to support the construction of new rural areas.

Investigating the construction of new rural areas made me truly feel the rapid changes in rural areas. The new rural areas have made the environment of rural areas better and better; the appearance of rural areas has become more and more tidy; the transportation in rural areas has become more and more convenient; Life in the countryside is becoming more and more comfortable. I think the construction of new rural areas can be promoted to more villages, so that all farmers can benefit from it.

Six: Summary

I learned that the villagers love their place of residence and do not want their living environment to be destroyed. At the same time, some villagers I visited said they would pay attention to protecting the environment in the future.

Through the investigation of Caodu Village, a new rural demonstration village, I know that the rural environment is now mainly faced with the threat of domestic garbage and industrial waste. From a macro perspective, the rural ecological environment is not optimistic.

The construction of new rural areas can be said to have achieved certain results. In Caodu Village, we have seen the implementation of a series of projects such as biogas digesters, tap water, residential quarters, and roads connecting every village, which has brought great benefits to the farmers. It brings benefits and convenience, and is a project that benefits the people. Worth promoting.

Seven: Impressions

This social practice has brought me great gains. On the one hand, we have a deeper understanding of the countryside and all aspects of the rural situation, which improves our sense of social responsibility and service awareness; on the other hand, it also prompts us to think about how to use the knowledge we have to repay the society and promote rural development. contribute to development. What shocks me is the construction of new rural areas. I feel that as long as we conscientiously implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and make overall plans, the new rural areas will definitely be built better! Finally, it is hoped that the rural ecological environment can enter a path of benign development, coordinate with economic development, and continuously promote the new socialist system in accordance with the twenty-fold policy of "production democracy, affluent life, civilized rural customs, neat village appearance, and democratic management". Rural construction! I believe that as long as we work together, the realization of the new countryside is just around the corner!