Requesting a summary of the knowledge points of '2012' high school English compulsory course one and two compulsory courses

Compulsory Unit 1 Friendship1.Basic combing point upset ignore calm down cheat list share a series of crazy purpose dare thunder entire (~ly) trust according to power suffer recover suitcase situation disagree be concerned about walk the dog set down face to face be/get tired of get along with fall in love make a list communicate with 2. Word summary 1) add vt/vi add; add; add add up total adds up, but is sometimes used for negation in spoken language Sentence, meaning "inexplicable and does not explain the problem". add up to Total***, all said and done, all in all. add sth (to sth) add... to.... add to increase, expand. add means "continue, add". The difference between add and increaseadd means "add, increase", emphasizing addition. Or it means adding the numbers together to make the sum. Increase "increase" means an increase in quantity, output, size, degree, etc. 2) cheat v cheat; cheat n liar; cheater; cheating things cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb cheat something from someone cheat on/at/in cheat, cheat 3) list v list things in make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; make a list of things; take a list of things; remove the list from the list of things; stand first on the list, as listed above. As listed above 3) share share in share, share, ***use share sth with sb ***use/*** to share something with someone share out allocate, distribute; get dividends, increase dividends share (n.) in/of one point, part 4) trust vi/vt trust, trust; rely on trust in believe, trust, belief trust to rely on (luck, etc.), rely on trust that... hope, think 5) suffer vt/vi suffer, receive, suffer; suffer pain, torture, punishment, damage suffer from hurt by... hurt; suffer from... pain Note: neither buffer nor buffer from can be used in the passive voice 6) calm vt/vi/adj. to calm; to make Calm. Calm, collected, collected. calm down calm down, calm down quite refers to the quietness of people's feelings about external things. When dealing with people, focus on not being excited, being calm and gentle, and not expressing opinions. Still means there is no sound or movement at all, and it suddenly stops. Silent mainly refers to people who don't like to talk and are silent.

7) concern be concerned about as/so far as…be concerned have no concern for concern oneself in/with/about sth busy, engaged; care, concern have a concern in and... have a strong relationship be concerned in/with participation, related to... 8) separate v/adj separate, break up with...; separate, separate, different separate...from separate... from... 9) reasonlose one's reason lose one's reason, go crazy by reason of bring sb to reason persuade someone to be more rational within reason reasonable without reason unreasonable listen to reason reason sb into/out of sth persuade someone to do/not do something with reason something 10) powerbeyond /out of one's power beyond one's power, incompetent = not within one's powerin power come into power, gain power 11) habitform / make a habit of doing = make it a habit to do sth develop the habit of doing something be in the habit of have... habit fall/get into a habit of contamination (nurture)... habit break (off) a habit=get out a habit quit a habit habit form good habits out of habit out of habit 12) according to to is a prepositional phrase, followed by a noun, a pronoun, and cannot be a clause, meaning "according to; according to; try...". According to, the information subsequently elicited should come from others or elsewhere, not from the speaker himself. According to cannot be followed by nouns such as opinion and view. According as is equivalent to a conjunction followed by a clause, meaning "just like, according to, according to, if". 13) Join in distinguishes join; join in; take part in; attendjoin to join an organization or group (party, army, etc.) lt; ps: These nouns must be preceded by the definite article gt;, and become a member of it. Join in to participate in ongoing activities, such as games, discussions, debates, conversations, etc. take part in: participate in a meeting or mass activity, and play a certain role in it. Attend meetings, ceremonies, weddings, funerals, attend classes, go to school, listen to reports, etc. The emphasis is on the action of “participation” and not on the role of participants. 14) As a substantive verb, dare has changes in person and number, as well as tense; as a modal verb, it is used in negative sentences, questions and conditional sentences, and has changes in tense, but not person or number. ①After dare, dares, dared in the affirmative, add to to the infinitive again. ②After dare in negative sentences and interrogative sentences, to is generally not added in indefinite tenses. ③In negative sentences and interrogative sentences composed of do or does, although in theory there should be to, in practice, to is often omitted.

I dare say...I dare say...15) go through experience; withstand; pass examination; pass; review; check go with accompanying, coordinate with... go up rise; build up; rise go over check, review; review, review go out extinguish; announce; broadcast go ahead proceed, progress; (with) agree to go into engage in, participate in (a certain industry); investigate 16) get along with get along with; progress get away leave; escape get back come back; take back get down get; write get in enter; gain get down to start doing seriously... get on/off get on/off get over overcome; overcome get across be understood get through complete; pass; put on the phone get up get up get it understand, understand; guess right 17) with compound structure, which can also be called an independent nominative structure. There is no predicate verb in the format. It is often used as an adverbial in a sentence to express accompanying, reasons, methods, conditions, etc. ①with noun prepositional phrase. It is used as an adverbial in a sentence and as a postpositional attributive. ②with noun/pronoun past participle. The past participle expresses a passive or completed action. ③with noun/pronoun present participle. The present participle expresses active or ongoing action. ④with noun/pronoun infinitive. The infinitive indicates an action that will take place. ⑤with noun/pronoun adjective. 18) no longer=not...any longer means no longer continuing or reproducing an action/state that occurred or existed at a certain time in the past and has continued. It is often used in sentences in the past tense, present tense or future tense. no more=not…any more means never to repeat an action that occurred repeatedly in the past. It is often used in past tense or future tense sentences. When he saw the toy, the baby cried no longer. Now she wasn’t afraid any more..Now she wasn’t afraid any more. 19) ① settle down to determine to do..., concentrate on doing... settle on/upon decide..., choose... ② have trouble with to make trouble, trouble; to get into trouble with someone ask for trouble to ask for trouble be in trouble In a difficult situation, there is a dispute get sb into trouble get into trouble make trouble get into trouble put sb to trouble trouble someone take the trouble to do 3. Grammar direct speech becomes indirect speech (note: when changing, the sentence must be Declarative sentence word order.) Changes in person ① The first person of the subject in a direct quotation or is modified by the first person, and the person must be consistent with the person of the "speaker". ②The second person of the direct quotation, or modified by the second person, must be consistent with the person of the "listener". ③The third person in direct quotation does not change. "One follows the host, the other follows the guest, and the third person remains unchanged." 2. Changes in tenses Direct quotation - Indirect quotation Present tense - Simple past tense Simple past tense - Past perfect tense Present continuous tense - Past continuous tense Present perfect tense - Past perfect tense Past perfect tense - - Past perfect tense, simple future tense - The past future tense tense does not change: ① Direct quotation is objective truth. ② Direct quotations are in the past continuous tense, and the tense remains unchanged. ③If there is a specific past year, month, or day in the direct speech as an adverbial, when it is changed into an indirect speech, the tense remains unchanged. ④If the direct quotation is in the simple present tense. Expressing a recurring or habitual action, it becomes indirect speech and the tense remains unchanged.

⑤ If the modal verb in the direct speech does not have a past tense form (for example: ought to, had better, used to) and is already in the past tense form, (for example: could, should, would, might) no longer changes. Unit2 English around the world1.Basic combing voyage conquer native apartment modern actually present vocabulary usage government fluently latter enrich command request recognize accent identity play a role in come up such as even if base on make use of by the 1600's more than2.Word summary 1 )includeinclude is a transitive verb, followed by a noun, pronoun or gerund as an object, or with an object prepositional phrase, etc. including is usually a preposition, equivalent to having (sb/sth) as a part, including (someone or something), and can be interchanged with the past participle included. 2) Present is used as an adjective. If it means "presence, attendance", it is usually used as a label or postpositional attributive; if it means "current, existing", it is usually used as a prepositional attributive. As a noun, it can also mean "at present, now", and is often used with the. The commonly used phrase is at present "now, currently"; it can also mean that "gift" contains the meaning of "donation". Common phrases include make sb a present of, which means "to give something to someone." As a verb, it means "to present, to give", followed by double objects; it can also be expressed as "to introduce someone formally, to introduce someone (especially to someone with a higher rank or status)". Common usage: present one’s apologies/compliments/respects… express someone’s apology/praise/respect… present oneself attend, attend; present itself appear, present. 3) rule rule over sb/sth rule someone/something rule sth/sb out exclude someone/something as a rule In most cases, it is usually used in the passive voice when it means "control; influence". When used as a noun, it means "rules, regulations, regulations; customary usage; rule; ruler". 4) Recognize is a non-continuous verb and is not used in the continuous tense; emphasizing the original knowledge means "recognize, distinguish". It means "to admit that someone/something is valid or true" and is sometimes used together with as. Used with nouns or noun phrases, and with clauses leading to that, it can also mean "to recognize something clearly." 5) Commend as a verb is mostly a transitive verb, expressing a command, followed by a noun and an infinitive. It means "to command, command, control, control" and is often followed by an object. As a verb or a noun, it can be followed by a clause. In the clause, should (often omitted) is used as the original form of the verb.

Commonly used phrases as nouns include: in commend of command... under the commend of be commanded by... get/obtian commend of control take commend of start to take command of... has commend of master at/by sb's commend command by someone , command oneself to control oneself 6) Commonly used sentence patterns when request is used as a verb: request sb to do sth; request that sb (should) do sth; request of sb that clause is used as a noun. Commonly used idioms are: : at sb's request/at the request of sb at someone's request by request of make a request for sth from sb to ask someone for something 7) explain can be used as a transitive or intransitive verb, When making a transitive verb, add to before the indirect object. For example: The teacher explains to the class the questions.The teacher explains the questions to the class. explain can be followed by a connecting pronoun, a connecting adverb or a clause introduced by that. You can also connect infinitive phrases introduced by connecting pronouns or connecting adverbs. 8) However is used as an adverb. If it expresses a turning point, it means "but, however, but" and can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of the sentence. It must be separated by commas; if it modifies an adjective or adverb, it means "no matter what, no matter what" how". Use as a conjunction to guide the adverbial clause of concession. It means "no matter what, no matter what method". 9) Imagine is a verb, meaning "imagine, imagine, guess" followed by a noun, gerund, and clause (imagine mostly appears in negative form), and can also be used with as. Imagine oneself means "Imagine if you..." The to be structure following it is often omitted. 10) The difference between such as and for example can be expressed as an example, but such as is used to list things, placed between the listed thing and the preceding noun, followed directly by the noun without a comma, and is generally not as good as and so on. for example is used to give examples. Sometimes it can be used as an independent sentence and inserted into the sentence. It is usually separated by a comma. Such as cannot list all the quantities mentioned above; such is an adjective and can be used separately from as in a sentence to mean "like...". as is a relative pronoun, guiding the object clause, and serving as the subject or object. 11) more than ① more than is used with numerals, meaning "more than, more than". ②More than is a noun, which means more than what the noun refers to, meaning "more than, not just". ③more than adds an adjective or verb to express an emphasis, meaning "very, very". ④more than (that) clause, its basic meaning is more than, but it can be translated as "simply not, far from..." ⑤Adjectives or adverbs are added between more than, which has two meanings: one is the ordinary comparative usage; the other One is used to mean "it's better to say...".

12) base sth on/upon means "based on...", and the passive form is be based on/upon13) Some phrases about way: by the way by the way; mention in a way by the way in a certain aspect ; to some extent in the way hinder, block on one's way to/on the way to in any way in any way in every way in all aspects, completely in no way absolutely , no matter what, lose one's way, get lost; go astray 14) Usage of nearly and almost ① almost = very nearly, meaning "almost, almost", often used interchangeably. ② Occasions when almost and nearly can be used interchangeably (1) In affirmative sentences (2) When modifying all, every, always, etc. (3) Before the negative form of action verbs ③ When almost can only be used (1) to modify no, none, never, any and compounds of no or any. : (2) Modify verbs or adjectives expressing feelings or psychology. : (3) Modify more than and too. ④ When only near can be used (1) When modified by very, not, pretty. (2) When expressing something to do but later "not doing it" or "avoiding doing it". ⑤mostly is used as an adverb, meaning "generally, mainly, most, mostly, usually" etc. 15) come up walk into; come up; propose; germinate; become popular; rise; appear; occur; come up to reach; count; live up to expectations; conform to (standards, etc.) come up with propose (suggestion); find (answer, solution) come about happen come out publish; appear; reveal come across accidentally come on come on 16) use phrases make full/good/the best/little use of full/good/full/not full use be in use come in use into use bring…to use/put use to be of use useful out of use abandoned get the use of use… have no use for useless for… find a use for… find a use for… with use Frequently used 17) due to due to (introducing adverbial clause or adverbial clause) thanks to, due to (introducing adverbial clause) owing to due to (introducing adverbial or predicative clause) as a result of because, the result of... adverbial clause) on account of because (introducing adverbial clause) by the reason of because, because (introducing adverbial clause)