Short-range defense system of Kashtan missile and gun integration

Short-range defense system of Kashtan missile and gun integration

Kashtan is a Russian-made air defense system, which is mainly used to defend against air strikes by precision-guided weapons, planes and helicopters, and also to attack small targets at sea. "Kashtan" is the export type of Russian "Chestnut" shipborne missile-gun combined air defense system, and it is also the only air defense system in the world that integrates powerful artillery, multi-purpose missiles and integrated radar-photoelectric fire control system on a turret.

system composition

Kashtan adopts modular structural design, including command module, battle module, air defense missile storage and reloading system, air defense missiles and shells. It is small in size and light in weight, and can be installed on various ships, and can also be used as a land-based defense weapon. According to the difference of ship displacement and combat mission, the command module and combat module can be flexibly composed of various configuration forms.

related news

China Navy's modern destroyers are equipped with the Kashtan system. Command module is used to detect and distribute targets and provide target indication data for combat units, which can track up to 30 targets at the same time. The shipborne surveillance radar can be used as a search radar, and the maximum detection distance is 12km for targets with a radar cross-sectional area of 0. 1m2 and a height of 15m, and 45km for targets with a radar cross-sectional area of 5m2 and a height of 1000m. Comprehensively process the target signals from various detection and tracking equipment, and automatically select the best combat mode for each target.

The combat module includes missile/artillery turret, missile and target tracking equipment and weapon control system. It uses the data provided by the command module to lock the target, uses the radar/TV-optical control system to track the target and anti-aircraft missiles, and fires missiles and artillery at targets at different distances. It can track and attack six air targets in one minute. There are two boot modes. If the guidance radar is disturbed, it can switch to infrared guidance mode. Each command module can control up to 6 combat modules.

The missile/artillery turret is equipped with two quadruple missile launchers and two 6-tube 30mm cannon. Guns are installed on both sides of the rotating turret, and missile launchers are installed above the two guns.

The main function of the air defense missile storage and reloading system is to store missiles by using the storage and transportation launch box in the space under the deck directly below the battle cabin, and at the same time automatically load and reload missiles for the battle cabin.

The missiles equipped in Kashtan system are SA-N- 1 1 air defense missiles. The storage and transportation launch box weighs 60 kg, the warhead weighs 9 kg, and the range is 1.5 km ~ 10 km, the effective range is 8 km, and the maximum shooting height is 6 km. The ammunition base number is 32, 8 on the launcher and 24 in the storage and reloading system. The main characteristics of the missile are that the flight time of the booster is short, and the missile speed decreases slightly after the booster is separated. The gun is AO- 18K, firing rate is 10000 rounds per minute, effective range is 0.5km ~1.5km, maximum range is 4km, and maximum firing height is 3km. The initial velocity of the shell is 900 m/s, and the ammunition base is 1000 rounds. Intensive shooting will not affect the life of the gun.

performance comparison

The most famous equipment with similar functions to Kashtan is the "dense array" system in the United States. Although some people say "Kashtan" is better, in fact, they still have their own advantages.

The most striking feature of "Kashtan" is the combination of ammunition and artillery. In combat, "Kashtan" first launched anti-aircraft missiles to intercept incoming targets at a long distance, giving full play to the advantages of good hit accuracy and high damage probability of anti-aircraft missiles; Multi-barrel small caliber artillery undertakes follow-up interception and supplementary strike tasks. It gives full play to the advantages of anti-aircraft missiles and small-caliber rapid-fire guns in intercepting incoming missiles at different distances. At this point, the "dense array" cannot compete with it.

The degree of automation of "Dense Array" is unmatched by "Kashtan". "Dense Array" is the only close-range defense weapon system in the world that can automatically search, detect, evaluate, track and attack targets. The trinity structure of search radar, tracking radar and artillery is adopted, and all combat functions of the system are automatically completed by high-speed computer control without manual operation. Its reaction time is 3.7 seconds, while that of Kashtan is 6.5 seconds. In terms of staffing, there are 3 people in the "Dense Array" and 5 people in the "Kashtan".

"Dense array" has only 1 door 6 tubes of 20mm cannon, and the firing rate is 4,500 rounds, but this does not mean that the firepower of "Dense array" is weaker than that of "Kashtan". As far as the power of artillery is concerned, the two are comparable. "Kashtan" has two 30 mm guns with six tubes, and the firing rate is 10000 rounds per minute, which is the highest in the active weapon system. Because Americans have improved their shooting accuracy, propellant and armor-piercing bullets, the power of 20 mm bullets has reached the level of 30 mm bullets.

"Kashtan" is obviously heavier than "dense array" because it is the integration of missiles and artillery. The distance between the centers of two Gatling guns is 2.5 meters, and the total weight of the whole system is 19 tons. "Dense array" adopts modular design. Except the gun position console and remote control console are located in the cabin, other equipment are assembled on the gun frame in a modular form, which is small in size and light in weight, and can be easily installed on various warships with good versatility.

Other advantages

In addition, the "dense array" has the ability of multi-spectral detection and tracking, and can fight all-weather in complex environments. However, Kashtan's TV/learning tracking system is vulnerable to bad weather such as rain, fog and night, and its all-weather combat capability is limited. Of course, these comparisons are only on paper, and there are still many factors to consider in real confrontation.