How to extract turpentine

Generally speaking, when the DBH of pine trees reaches more than 20 cm, logging begins. According to the cutting period, it can be divided into long-term tapping (10 years or more), medium-term tapping (6-9 years) and short-term tapping (3-5 years). According to the characteristics of mining, there are conventional method, chemical method and strength method. There are two conventional methods: ① fat-reducing extraction, which is the main method in China. Scrape off the rough epidermis of the trunk on the sunny side, and scrape the surface of the middle ditch and side ditch. Scrape the rough until there is no crack, and the thickness of the remaining rough is less than 0.4 cm. Then, cut a middle groove in the center of the scraping surface, which is about 25 ~ 35 cm long and about 1.5 ~ 2 cm wide. The groove is straight and smooth, with narrow external width and depth that will not harm the endothelium. The 1 side ditch is opened at the top of the middle ditch, with an included angle of 90, a ditch depth of 0.3-0.4 cm and a width of less than 0.2 cm ... The second pair of side ditches is opened below the 1 opposite side ditch, and the side ditches are opened from top to bottom, hence the name. The interval between ditches on both sides varies with tree species, with masson pine 1 ~ 2 days and Yunnan pine 2 ~ 3 days. The side ditches are required to be equal in length, depth and parallel. The part occupied by the gutter is called the cutting surface, which is 2 cm narrower than each side of the scraping surface and about 20 cm longer. The cutting surface of the second year is located directly below the cutting surface of the previous year. Do this every year until it is about 20 cm above the ground. The height of the first cutting surface on the trunk is determined according to the period of resin extraction. If the period is 10 year, it should be more than 220 cm above the ground. 10 years later, the cut plane can be arranged on the other side of the trunk or above the cut plane in the first year. The percentage of cutting face width to trunk circumference is called cutting face load rate, which is determined according to the year of resin extraction, trunk diameter and shape. If the production life exceeds 10 years, the loading rate is 40%; Less than 60% in 6 ~ 9 years; Less than 70% in 3 ~ 5 years; 1 ~ 2 years less than 80%. Generally speaking, trees cut their faces. The diameter of the tree is very large. When one cutting surface exceeds 50 cm, two parallel cutting surfaces are set, and a vertical nutrient belt with a width not less than 10 cm is left between the cutting surfaces. The quality of turpentine obtained by descending method is better. ② Ascending oil extraction. Contrary to the descending type, a 1 side groove is set at the lower part of the scraping surface, and then new side grooves are cut from bottom to top in turn, and the included angle of the side grooves is 60, and the middle groove is not cut. Stripes without skin are left between the transverse grooves so that rosin can flow into the grease receiver through them. It is easier to raise the furrow, the cutting surface is in a position conducive to nutrient supply, and the yield is higher than that of the descending method. However, turpentine easily flows through the cutting surface and stays on the cutting surface for a long time, which leads to large volatilization of turpentine and poor quality of turpentine. Chemical grease extraction

It stimulates pine trees with chemicals to make them secrete more resin, prolong the time of resin flow, and improve the yield and labor productivity of resin. The method is as follows: (1) Using sulfite pulping waste liquor to produce alcohol (sulfite alcohol mash for short) to stimulate the secretion of turpentine. That is to say, spraying 0.5 ~ 1.0g sulfite mash with a specific gravity of about 1.05 on each pair of side ditches for downward oil extraction can increase the turpentine output by about 30%, which is suitable for the oil extraction period of 10 ~ 15. ② Stimulate turpentine secretion with black sulfate paste. That is, a polyethylene bottle with a nozzle is used to squeeze the black paste made of sulfuric acid and carrier into strips and coat it on the cutting ditch. The depth of the cutting ditch is 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm, and the width is 1.0 ~ 1.5 cm. There is a bark band of 2.5 ~ 3.5 cm between the cutting ditches, which is fishbone-like. The cutting load rate can be increased to 70 ~ 80%, and the cutting cycle is long, with the interval of 6 ~ 8 days for Pinus massoniana and 15 ~ 20 days for Pinus yunnanensis. This method is suitable for resin extraction before logging 1 ~ 3 years, also known as strength chemical resin extraction. Before cutting 1 ~ 3 years, it is appropriate to increase the cutting load, increase the cutting area and shorten the interval.

Fat picking season

Depending on the local climatic conditions. In China, the average daily temperature is generally above 12 ~ 15℃. It is best to scrape the skin in winter or early spring, when the sap flow is small and it is not easy to hurt the endothelium. Summer is the best season for tapping fat, because of rising temperature, heavy rainfall, high humidity, strong photosynthesis, fast sap flow and increased fat yield.

Grease collecting tool

In addition to the scraper, there are cutter grease guides and grease receivers. The grease guide is installed at the bottom of the scraping surface or the lower end of the middle groove, and the grease receiver is located directly below the grease guide.