Shenzhou 14 mission content

Shenzhou 14 mission content, the first manned mission of China Space Station was officially opened after the mission was transferred to the construction stage. The crew of Shenzhou XIV astronauts will personally participate in the "bigger and bigger" space home of China people. Shenzhou 14 mission content.

Shenzhou 14 mission content 1 There are mountains and seas in the heart and stars in the eyes. The vast space once again welcomes China people's dream of the sky.

On the morning of June 5th, the Long March-2 F- 14 carrier rocket carrying the Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, successfully sending astronauts, Liu Yang and Cai into space, and the first manned mission in the construction stage of China Space Station was successfully launched.

According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, on June 5, 2022 10: 44 Beijing time, the Long March II F- 14 carrier rocket carrying the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was ignited and launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. About 577 seconds later, the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was successfully separated from the rocket and entered the scheduled orbit. The pilot was in good condition and the launch was a complete success. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Gangshe

After the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was put into orbit, it was docked with the space station assembly by radial autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking. Three astronauts will enter the space station and the core module, officially starting a six-month trip to space.

During the stay in orbit, the Shenzhou-14 flight crew will welcome the visit and docking of two experimental modules of the space station, the Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-15 manned spacecraft, and rotate with the Shenzhou-15 flight crew in orbit, which can be called "the busiest space travel trio". What is the highlight of this launch mission? What are the tasks of the Shenzhou XIV flight crew?

On May 29th, the combination of Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft and Long March II F- 14 carrier rocket was on its way to the launch area. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Wang Jiangbo)

Going out: the "magic arrow" set a new record

The Long March 2 F- 14 carrier rocket, which carried out this launch mission, stood for nearly 10 months, setting a new record for the previous Long March 13 rocket to stand for more than 6 months.

Why does the rocket have to "stand" for so long before launching? Experts told reporters that since the Shenzhou-12 mission, the Long March II F carrier rocket has adopted the launch modes of "launch 1 launch, backup 1 launch" and "rolling backup", which has added "double insurance" to the life safety of astronauts.

The Long March II F- 14 launch vehicle launched this time is an emergency rescue rocket for the Shenzhou XIII mission. With the smooth return of the Shenzhou-13 flight crew on April 16, the Yao-14 rocket also ended its emergency rescue duty and changed from emergency state to normal mission state.

Jing Muchun, chief commander of the Long March II F carrier rocket of the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said: "In the history of manned space flight in China, the Long March II F carrier rocket has carried out the launching tasks of all manned spacecraft and target aircraft from Shenzhou I to now, with a success rate of 100%, which is known as the arrow of China."

In order to further improve the reliability of the rocket and eliminate the weak links, the developers continue to make technical improvements.

"It's like raising the test score from 90 to 9 1, or even 9 1. 1. Even 0. 1, there is a lot of work behind it. " Chang Wuquan, chief designer of the Long March II F carrier rocket of the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said.

To this end, the development team not only carried out special tests to verify the bearing capacity of initiating explosive device and bolt pre-tightening force of the rocket in a long-term upright state, but also re-measured the tightening torque of bolts on the rocket and the sealing performance of sealing products after the rocket turned into a normal task state.

During the preparation for the launch of Yao 14 rocket, the model team also needs to conduct the final assembly and testing of Yao 15 rocket simultaneously to complete the setting of emergency rescue status.

"Through the parallelization and optimization of the two mission implementation processes last year, the preparation time for this year's launch is expected to be further shortened." Chang Wuquan said.

On June 5, the astronaut expedition ceremony of Shenzhou 14 manned mission was held in Wentiange Square of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (right), Liu Yang (middle) and Cai are about to start their six-month mission. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Gangshe

Objective: To establish a national space laboratory.

According to the manned spaceflight project plan, marked by the successful return of Shenzhou XIII manned spacecraft on April 16, 2022, China Space Station has successfully completed the key technology verification stage and turned to the comprehensive construction stage, which will be completed in the second half of 2022.

Shenzhou XIV mission is the second mission in the construction stage of the space station, and it is also the first manned mission in this stage. Astronauts will work and live in orbit for six months.

During their stay in orbit, three astronauts of the Shenzhou-14 flight crew will welcome the visit and docking of the Shenzhou-5 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-15 manned spacecraft, two experimental modules of the space station, and rotate with the Shenzhou-15 flight crew in orbit, and return to Earth in June+February, 5438.

The Shenzhou 14 flight crew of this expedition can be called "the busiest space travel trio", and they shoulder the important mission of completing the on-orbit assembly and construction of China Space Station.

"During the six-month flight, astronauts have to experience extremely complicated flight conditions, including 9 combined configurations, 5 rendezvous and docking, 3 separation and evacuation, and 2 transposition tasks." Huang, chief designer of China's manned spaceflight project astronaut system and researcher of China Astronaut Research and Training Center, said.

"During the Shenzhou 14 mission, the construction of the Tiangong Space Station with Tianhe core module, Quest experimental module and dream experimental module as the basic configuration will be fully completed, and the national space laboratory will be built. Among them, the Tian Kai experimental module is mainly used for space life science research, and the Meng Tian experimental module is mainly used for microgravity science research. " Lin Xiqiang, spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project and deputy director of China's manned spaceflight project office, said.

Shenzhou XIV mission is a key battle in the construction of China's space station, with more difficulties and greater challenges. Chen Dong, the commander of this mission, said before the expedition: "We will definitely complete the task with full confidence, full of blood and full of effort."

202 1, 1 The photos of the transit of China's space station (the trajectory is a stack of photos) taken in Xuanwumen, Beijing on February 9, 2002. Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Yuhua photo

Outlook: manned space flight will start again after "standing on the 30 th"

Nearly 30 years have passed since1September 1992, when China's manned spaceflight project was officially approved for implementation.

From Shenzhou-1 to Shenzhou 5 and then to Shenzhou-14, from one person going into space one day to many people going into space, and then staying in space for three or six months ... The blueprint of China's space station has been drawn, and the dream of flying further into the sky has been drawn.

The construction of space station and national space laboratory is an important goal to realize the "three-step" strategy of China's manned spaceflight project and an important pilot project to build a powerful country in science, technology and space.

However, at the beginning of the space station project, Chinese astronauts faced many problems, such as what kind of stationmaster, what kind of technical route to take and how to build the space station ... This task is very arduous.

It has been ten years since the preparation for development, and many space station engineers and researchers have been doing it for ten years. Everyone regards building China's own space station as their pursuit and dream, so as to break through key technologies and solve complex technical problems.

Hao Chun, director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, said that after the on-orbit construction of the space station is completed, the project will be transferred to the application and development stage for more than ten years. The original plan was to launch two manned spacecraft and two cargo spacecraft every year. Astronauts should stay in orbit for a long time, conduct space science experiments and technical experiments, and take care of and maintain the space station.

In addition, China will also develop a new generation of manned launch vehicles and a new generation of manned spacecraft, both of which can be reused. A new generation of manned spacecraft can carry seven astronauts.

"At the same time, we are considering developing the expansion module of the space station to create better conditions for further supporting on-orbit scientific experiments and the work and life of astronauts." Hao Wei said.

According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, at 7: 54 on June 5, the astronaut expedition ceremony of Shenzhou 14 manned mission was held in Wentiange Square of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. At 7: 56, Li, the commander-in-chief of China's manned spaceflight project and the mission headquarters of the space station, gave an order, and three astronauts, Liu Yang and Cai, were ordered to leave the cabin for a six-month mission.

Shenzhou 14 manned mission astronaut crew map: People's Daily

Liu Yang and Cai were both born in 1975. They are the second batch of astronauts in China. They are also the youngest astronauts since China's manned space flight. Among them, he participated in the Shenzhou manned mission, Liu Yang participated in the Shenzhou-9 manned mission, and Cai flew for the first time. This is the first time that China's manned space flight crew is composed entirely of the second group of astronauts, without the first group of astronauts.

Chen Dong: The youngest commander.

Chen Dong is the commander of the Shenzhou 14 mission, but he is the youngest among the crew, two months younger than Liu Yang.

Previously, in the Shenzhou XI mission, Chen Dong ran in orbit for 33 days. After successfully completing the mission of 180 days+,it will surpass Wang Yaping to become the longest astronaut in orbit.

In the Shenzhou XI mission, Chen Dong actually operated the manipulator and completed the man-machine cooperation of the manipulator.

Chen Dongtu: People's Daily

Chen Dong, a native of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 1978 was born in Luoyang, Henan Province in February. In June 20 16, he carried out the manned mission of Shenzhou XI. 20 16 was awarded the honorary title of "Hero Astronaut" by the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission in February, and won the "Third-Class Medal for Space Meritorious Service". After comprehensive evaluation, he was selected as the commander of the Shenzhou 14 manned mission crew.

After returning from the Shenzhou XI mission, before he could catch his breath, Chen Dong immediately threw himself into the training of the space station mission. In the era of space station, higher requirements are put forward for astronauts' physical and mental quality, knowledge reserve and emergency ability.

Compared with the Shenzhou 11 mission, the workload, complexity and difficulty of the Shenzhou 14 mission have doubled.

As a commander, Chen Dong put forward higher requirements for himself. For example, sinking weightlessness training is to simulate weightlessness environment and train the ability to get out of the cabin in space. Chen Dong regards every obstacle in training as a rare training opportunity. On one occasion, after replacing a new underwater training suit, shoes and foot restraints were worn for the first time. Chen Dong tried several times, but failed. Finally, he put it on with the help of divers and completed the whole training process.

Liu Yang: Return to space after ten years.

Liu Yang is the first female astronaut in China and the highest-ranking astronaut in the crew. She is a special astronaut.

Moreover, she is a doctor, and this mission will also complete space teaching again. I look forward to the interaction between the first class and the space classroom this year.

Liu Yang Map: People's Daily

Liu Yang, a native of Linzhou, Henan Province, was born in Zhengzhou, Henan Province in June, 1978. On June 20 12, Shenzhou-9 manned mission was carried out. June 20 10 was awarded the honorary title of "Hero Astronaut" by the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and won the "Third-class Aerospace Meritorious Medal".

The difficulties and challenges encountered in the preparation of the space station mission are far beyond imagination. The longer you stay in space, the more normal your extravehicular activities will become ... All these put forward higher requirements for astronauts' knowledge, skills, physical strength and psychology. Liu Yang needs to be familiar with the extremely complicated contents such as in-cabin equipment, pipeline connection, extravehicular activities, robotic arms and scientific research. Liu Yang believes that there is no shortcut, only to strengthen targeted and adaptive training.

Extravehicular activity training is the most intensive and the longest training time. Among them, underwater training is the most important. Liu Yang participated in the underwater test of the extravehicular activity suit for the first time. After working for three or four hours in 1.20 kilograms of clothes, my hands are shaking and I can't hold my pen and fist. In the future, the real training of extravehicular activities needs to work for seven or eight hours at a time. Extravehicular activities require high strength of upper limbs. Liu Yang thinks that there is still a certain gap between his own strength and the needs of the task, so he secretly adds more weight to himself. During physical training, she came early, practiced for a long time and left late. When you go back to the dormitory, you should "add meals", lift barbells and practice holding hands.

Astronauts conduct underwater tests of extravehicular activities: Xinhua News Agency

A new generation of extravehicular activity suits was tested underwater, and Liu Yang took the initiative to register. When she was put into the water tank with a depth of 10 meters by a crane wearing a heavy underwater suit, the shaking caused by water ripples passed through the raised helmet window, which produced a visual magnification effect and made her dizzy.

During the break, she hung motionless on the bulkhead. Both the doctor and the test director suggested that she go ashore to rest, but she refused. The service life of each underwater suit is limited, so the service life will be reduced once next time. She couldn't stop the whole experiment for personal reasons, so she gritted her teeth and persisted in the whole underwater experiment.

Cai: Prepare to fly for twelve years.

In addition to Liu Yang, the Shenzhou 14 flight crew also has a new face, that is, astronaut Cai.

Cai photo Source: People's Daily

Cai, male, Han nationality, from Shenzhou, Hebei Province, party member, CPC, with a master's degree. /kloc-0 was born in may, 1976;/kloc-0 joined the army in September, 1995;/kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in may, 1998. Now he is a second-class astronaut of China People's Liberation Army Astronaut Brigade, with the rank of senior colonel. He used to be the deputy captain of a regiment's flight brigade in a training base of the Air Force and was named the first-class pilot of the Air Force. 20 10 was selected as the second batch of astronauts in China in May. After comprehensive evaluation, he was selected as the crew of Shenzhou 14 manned mission.

Cai prepared 12 years for this day. The flight path of astronauts is composed of heavy study and hard training.

Rotating chair training was once Cai's weakness. The first time he sat in a swivel chair, he was very painful and pale, tossing and turning, and he couldn't recover for a long time. The evaluation result is Grade II. Although she passed, Cai insisted on being excellent.

Sinking weightlessness training, a practice is most of the day. Wearing a hard underwater training suit is like wearing a "human" shaped spaceship. You can only drink water when you are hungry, but you can't scratch when you itch. Sometimes I am skinned by the hard structure of the joints of clothes, so I can only stick to my teeth. 72 hours of psychological adaptation training in a narrow environment requires complete isolation from the outside world. In a small and closed environment, you can't sleep for three days and nights, and you have to endure fatigue to finish a lot of work. ...

Hundreds of subjects, each of which challenges almost everyone's physical and psychological limits, so Caiyi climbed these steps step by step.

All astronauts have passed the assessment and have the ability to perform tasks. However, due to the limitation of the number of missions, Cai has never had a chance to fly into space. He knows that China's manned space flight is developing by leaps and bounds, there are more and more tasks in the space station era, and there will be more and more opportunities for astronauts to fly into space. Only by training harder can we better meet the opportunities.

On the morning of June 5, 2022 10: 44, China used the Long March II F carrier rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to send the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft and three Chinese astronauts into space. This marks the official opening of the first manned mission after the mission of China Space Station was transferred to the construction stage.

The Shenzhou 14 mission will set a number of "firsts", including welcoming the docking of the Shenzhou 15 spacecraft with the space station in space, and realizing the simultaneous operation of two manned spacecraft in orbit for the first time; Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 15 astronauts will stay in orbit at the same time, and the astronauts will rotate in orbit for the first time.

In the "Shenzhou XIV" mission, China Space Station completed the construction of the third module.

After the Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft successfully enters the orbit, it will take the radial autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking mode, reach a position about 50 kilometers below the back of the space station, and finally adjust its attitude to fly vertically, dock at the radial docking port below the space station, and send three astronauts to the space station and the core cabin, thus starting a six-month space journey. Shenzhou XIV is also the ninth manned space mission of Shenzhou series spacecraft.

As the first manned launch mission in the construction stage of the space station, the Shenzhou 14 mission is of great significance. 2022 is the year when the space station is fully built and put into operation. According to the plan of China's manned spaceflight project, marked by the successful return of the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft, the China Space Station has successfully completed the key technology verification stage through the two manned flights of Shenzhou-12 and Shenzhou-13, and has been transferred to the comprehensive construction stage, which is planned to be completed in 2022.

The Tianzhou-4 cargo spacecraft serving the Shenzhou-14 mission was successfully launched on May 10. In the next six months, the crew of Shenzhou XIV will greet the space shuttle, the Meng Tian experimental module, the Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-15 manned spacecraft in orbit, and carry out on-orbit verification of small robotic arms, on-orbit verification of large and small robotic arms, on-orbit verification of extravehicular activities using the space shuttle's airlock module, on-orbit load installation, etc., to witness and promote the completion of the construction of China's space station and its transition to the on-orbit operation stage.

The crew of Shenzhou XIV astronauts will personally participate in the "bigger and bigger" space home of China people.

At the same time, Shenzhou 14 astronauts will travel in space for nearly six months, and Shenzhou 15 astronauts will be invited to visit and complete the rotation. Shenzhou 14 and Shenzhou 15 will travel in space together, which is the first time that two manned spacecraft are in orbit at the same time. By then, six China astronauts will live in the same orbit for the first time, and together they will make China people's own space home "warmer and more comfortable" in the distant space.

Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was launched. Image source: our space

Shenzhou 14 spacecraft stood by at the launch site for seven months, setting a record for the longest time.

Before the launch mission, the Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft was not only the key spacecraft in the construction of the space station, but also the emergency rescue spacecraft of the Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft.

Since the implementation of the space station mission, in order to ensure the smooth development of the mission and the absolute safety of astronauts, shenzhou spaceship should have the emergency rescue capability of combining heaven and earth and multiple guarantees. Therefore, the developers adopted the strategy of "rolling standby". When the former manned spacecraft was launched, the latter manned spacecraft was on standby at the launch site, with the space rescue capability of 8.5 days emergency launch capability. Therefore, since entering the launch site and completing the standby state setting, Shenzhou 14 spacecraft has been on standby at the launch site for 7 months, setting a record for the longest time.

In order to ensure that the state of the spacecraft meets the requirements, during the standby period of Shenzhou 14, the scientific and technical personnel of the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation inspected the "Beijing-Jiuquan" remote launch site for the first time, confirming that the state of the spacecraft meets the emergency launch conditions, and verifying that the rolling backup mode of "one ship launching, one ship waiting" is effective, which strongly supports the demand of "two ships a year" in shenzhou spaceship and lays a foundation for the continuous application of this mode.

In order to complete the Shenzhou-14 mission, scientific and technical personnel adopted a number of technologies and products to escort. In order to successfully realize the space rendezvous and docking mission, the rendezvous and docking microwave radar developed by the 25th Institute of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group, as a key measuring sensor, continues to undertake the task of accurately measuring the relative motion parameters such as distance, speed and angle between medium and long-range spacecraft, and helps the autonomous rapid rendezvous and docking.

Unlike Shenzhou-12 and Shenzhou-13, Shenzhou-14 spacecraft will undergo complex and severe in-orbit environmental tests during its in-orbit operation. Especially in the process of assembly and construction of the space station, because the spacecraft is docked at the radial docking port, it will be blocked by three giant cabins and their super-large flexible solar cell wings, which brings unprecedented challenges to the spacecraft's power generation capacity, thermal control capacity of extravehicular equipment and communication support capacity.

Zhong Danhua, chief designer of the shenzhou spaceship Power Subsystem of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (8 1 1), said that during the most complicated period of on-orbit operation, Shenzhou 14 docked at the radial docking interface will be blocked by five aircrafts in turn, and the combination will greatly affect the solar panel power generation.

Therefore, the designers of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation identified the possible technical risks caused by various flight conditions during the construction of the space station in advance, and solved the problem of energy supply and demand balance of Shenzhou 14 spacecraft caused by occlusion through ground and space tests.

Chang Er F Yao 14th rocket "stood guard" for nearly 10 months.

According to reports, six missions will be planned this year to complete the on-orbit construction of China Space Station. Among them, Chang 'er F rocket carried out two manned missions, namely, the launching missions of Shenzhou XIV and Shenzhou XV.

Since the Shenzhou-12 mission, the Chang 'e-6 rocket has adopted the launch modes of "launch 1 launch, backup 1 launch" and "rolling backup", which has added "double insurance" to the life safety of astronauts.

The Chang 'e F- 14 rocket launched this time is an emergency rescue rocket for the Shenzhou XIII mission. Compared with the Chang-2 F- 13 rocket, the "standing guard" time of Chang-2 F- 14 rocket is doubled. If we start from August/July, 20021year, and add the preparation time for launch, the vertical time will be nearly 10 month, which also set a new record of more than 6 months for the previous Chang-2 F- 13 rocket, and it is the longest launch vehicle in the Long March series so far.

As the only manned launch vehicle in China, high reliability, high safety and high adaptability are the constant and most important goals of Chang-2 F rocket. The development team has continuously made a number of technical improvements, bringing the reliability and safety of the rocket to a new level. Chang Wuquan, the first president of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and chief designer of Chang 'e II F rocket, introduced that at present, the reliability evaluation value of Chang 'e II F rocket has reached 0.9894, and the safety evaluation value has reached the international advanced level of 0.99996.

In the past 30 years, Chang 'e VI rocket has participated in every step of the "three-step" strategy of China's manned spaceflight project. Since the first flight of 1999, 14 shenzhou spaceship and 2 space laboratories have been successfully launched, including 9 manned missions, with a success rate of 100%. After the on-orbit construction of the space station is completed, it will be transferred to the application development stage, which will last for more than 10 years. In the next few years, Chang-2 F rocket will continue to be launched at a high frequency of 2 rounds per year, which will play an important role in the operation of China Space Station.