Three Summaries of Construction Engineering Training

# Internship Report # Introduce the collected model essay "Three Summaries of Building Engineering Training" for your reference. For more information, please visit the internship report channel.

one

Through a month's internship in construction engineering, I benefited a lot. A lot of theoretical knowledge is presented to me in reality, and I have a preliminary understanding of the structural composition, structural principle and construction method of the house. Further improve the understanding of architectural culture, architectural knowledge, construction and building materials, consolidate and expand the theoretical knowledge learned, and improve the learning intention.

The following is a summary of some knowledge gained during the internship:

I. Structural form

Nowadays, the buildings mainly adopt frame structure or frame shear wall structure, and brick-concrete structure is also used but rarely used. The two construction sites we visited both adopted frame-shear structures. It is a combination of frame structure and shear wall structure, which absorbs their respective advantages. It can not only bring more space for building layout, but also has good lateral force resistance. This kind of structure is to arrange a necessary number of shear walls in the frame structure to form flexible and free use space to meet the requirements of different building functions. It also has enough shear walls and considerable rigidity. The mechanical characteristics of frame-shear wall structure are a new form of stress composed of frame and shear wall structures with different lateral forces. So its frame is different from that in pure frame structure, and the shear wall in frame-shear wall structure is also different from that in shear wall structure. Complete works of corporate culture slogans

tie column

In the design of brick-concrete structure, in order to strengthen the spatial rigidity and integrity of the building and avoid or reduce the damage of the building in the earthquake, according to the seismic code, we set up a necessary number of ring beams and constructional columns to strengthen and reduce the damage of the building.

Provisions on the location of structural columns to improve the tensile and crack resistance of buildings: The code stipulates that regardless of the number of floors and seismic fortification intensity of buildings, they should be located at the four corners of external walls, the junction of horizontal walls and vertical walls at staggered floors, the two sides of large openings, and the junction of external walls and internal horizontal walls of large rooms. . The four corners of the stairwell are all set. The parapet of the master's roof should also be set with constructional columns. . For long-span beams, if battlements or cushions are not provided, constructional columns should also be provided. Going green and environmental protection

In the frame shear wall structure, in order to strengthen the integrity of the block partition wall, structural columns or ring beams should be set at the appropriate position of the block partition wall, which is the same as the brick-concrete structure.

Second, construction joints, deformation joints and post-cast strip

Construction joint: a joint formed by planned interruption of construction due to the limitation of construction technology, which is called construction joint. Because the concrete structure is poured in layers, the gap between this layer of concrete and the upper layer of concrete is the most common construction joint. Therefore, it is not a crack in real interests, but a face. Various hidden dangers and quality problems are prone to occur in the joint surface formed by concrete pouring successively, so different structural projects need to be careful in the treatment of construction joints.

Deformation joints include expansion joints, settlement joints and seismic joints. Their function is to ensure that the house has a certain degree of freedom of expansion and contraction when the normal temperature changes, the uneven settlement of the foundation or the earthquake, and to prevent the wall from cracking and structural damage. Post-pouring belt is a method to replace deformation joints of high-rise buildings. Its practice is to leave a gap with a width of 800mm ~ 1000mm every 30m ~ 40m, and not to pour concrete for the time being. Lap joints can be used for reinforcement in joints. When the load is almost stable, concrete is usually poured two months after the structure is capped. Post-cast strip is used for buildings with a building length of more than 50 meters. When the building is less than 50 meters in length and is a frame structure, in order to ensure the integrity and necessary rigidity of the building, unit walls are set to increase the integrity and rigidity of the building.

Settlement joint: a joint set to overcome the uneven settlement of the structure. For example, there are great differences between the parts of the superstructure, whether it is the number of floors or the use load; Or because of the great difference of foundation compressibility, it is necessary to set joints to divide the structure into several parts, so that the settlement of each part is more uniform and additional stress is avoided in the structure. This joint is called "settlement joint". Must be completely separated from the foundation to the superstructure

Expansion joint: If the plane size of the building is too long, it may cause excessive temperature stress in the structure due to thermal expansion and contraction. It is necessary to set joints where the structure must be long to divide the building into several parts. This kind of joint is called temperature joint. For different structural systems, the spacing of expansion joints is different, which is specifically stipulated in the current Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB500 10-2002). Expansion joints can be continuously opened at the foundation;

Anti-seismic joint: a joint set to make the building more regular, which is beneficial to the anti-seismic structure and the foundation can be opened continuously.

At this time, more than three joints were used-only settlement joints can meet this requirement, so settlement joints were used instead of other joints.

3. Beam: According to the common support methods of beams, it can be divided into simply supported beams, cantilever beams, simply supported beams at one end and fixed beams at the other end, fixed beams at both ends and continuous beams.

Beams can be divided into main beams, secondary beams, connecting beams, ring beams and lintels according to their positions in the structure.

Doors and windows lintel

The beams on the openings of doors and windows support the load of masonry above the openings; Window wall for transmitting load

Common forms: brick lintel, reinforced brick lintel and reinforced concrete lintel.

ring beam

In a masonry structure house, a closed reinforced concrete beam is set in the masonry along the horizontal direction.

Setting ring beams in masonry buildings can enhance the overall and spatial stiffness of the building and prevent uneven settlement or large vibration load due to the foundation.

Ring beam: a structural closed beam with reinforced concrete poured at the top or bottom of the masonry to ensure the stability of the masonry. Reinforced concrete is used, the thickness of which is generally the same as that of the wall. It can be slightly less than the thickness of the wall in cold areas, but it should not be less than 2/3 behind the wall, and the height should not be less than 120MM. Common ones are 180MM and 240MM.

In the non-seismic fortification area, the main function of ring beam is to strengthen the overall stiffness of masonry structure building and prevent the uneven settlement of foundation or the influence of large vibration load on the building.

In the earthquake area, the main functions of ring beam are: strengthening the connection of vertical and horizontal walls and improving the integrity of the house; As the edge component of the floor, it improves the horizontal stiffness of the floor; Reduce the free length of the wall and improve the stability of the wall; Restrict the development and extension of oblique cracks in the wall and improve the shear strength of the wall; Reduce the influence of uneven settlement of foundation on houses during earthquake.

Through this internship, I have a further understanding of relevant professional knowledge, and I have learned a lot of things that I have never touched before, which has benefited a lot. The in-depth visit to the front line of the construction site has enabled me to combine the theoretical knowledge I have learned with practice, systematically consolidate the theoretical knowledge I have learned, deepen my understanding of the theoretical knowledge I have learned, get a preliminary understanding of the working characteristics of architectural engineering design and construction, and become familiar with various technologies and management work in the engineering design and construction site. During the internship, I found that my potential to analyze and solve problems has been well exercised and cultivated, and I am fully prepared for my future work. In addition, through internship, I broadened my horizons and increased my rational understanding of building construction.

two

First, the purpose of internship

Through contact and participation in practical work, we can enrich and expand our knowledge, cultivate the potential of comprehensive application, and lay the foundation for future work.

Second, the internship materials

Participate in the operation practice of survey engineering, steel bar engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering, masonry engineering and other construction processes, learn the construction technology and construction organization and management methods of each type of work, learn and apply relevant engineering construction specifications and quality inspection and evaluation standards, and learn the technical treatment methods in the construction process.

Third, the internship overview

During the internship, I will abide by the safety rules and regulations of the internship unit and the school, and the attendance rate is high. I will consult the master attentively and be good at finding problems, and use the theoretical knowledge I have learned to solve problems with the help of on-site technicians. Have a very specific understanding of reinforcement engineering, formwork engineering, concrete engineering, etc. And practice some projects at the same time.

1, reinforced engineering reinforced use must adhere to the principle of inspection before use; Reinforcement must have factory certificate and inspection report, and can be used in engineering after re-inspection according to national standards. On-site processing of steel bars, the manufacturing and processing procedures are: mechanical installation of steel bars → butt welding of steel bars → taper thread processing → bending forming → steel bar binding.

2, template engineering template and its support should be designed according to the engineering structure, load size, foundation soil type, construction equipment and material supply conditions. Formwork and its supports should have sufficient bearing potential, rigidity and stability, and can reliably bear the weight, lateral pressure and construction load of pouring concrete. When pouring concrete, formwork and support will expand (deform), escape (displace) or even collapse under the action of concrete gravity, lateral pressure and construction load. In order to avoid accidents and ensure engineering quality and construction safety, requirements are put forward for the observation, maintenance and handling of abnormal conditions of formwork and its supports.

3. The strength grade of concrete in concrete engineering structure must meet the design requirements. Specimens used to check the concrete strength of members shall be randomly selected at the concrete pouring site. Sampling and sample retention shall meet the following requirements:

1, every mixing 100 plate and no more than 100m3 of the same mix proportion of concrete, sampling shall not be less than once;

2. When the concrete of the same mixing ratio mixed by each shift is less than 100 plate, the sampling shall not be less than once;

3, when a continuous casting more than 100m3, the same mixture ratio of concrete every 200m3 sampling shall not be less than once;

4, each floor, the same mixture ratio of concrete, sampling shall not be less than once;

5. At least one set of standard curing specimens shall be retained for each sampling, and the number of groups of specimens with the same conditions shall be determined according to actual needs.

Fourth, the main tasks of the internship

The main task of our internship is to understand the building types at the internship site, the nature, scale, structural characteristics and construction conditions of the project, the operating scope and procedures of different mechanical equipment, and ask more information we have seen and don't know. Try to participate in and understand the preparatory work before and during the construction of the project, participate in the materials entering the construction site, collect relevant technical data, sort out the diary of construction practice, and do a good job in ending the practice.

We should know or be familiar with the performance of common mechanical equipment on the construction site. With all kinds of questions, we visited and asked, trying to understand the commonly used mechanical equipment.

In order to understand the operation scope and procedures of different mechanical equipment, the operator carefully told us that the "double cone dump mixer" seen on the construction site is a self-falling mixer widely used in construction projects at present, and the mixing operation is mainly carried out according to the gravity mechanism. Observing, we can see that the inner wall of the mixing drum is welded with arc blades. When the mixing drum rotates around the horizontal axis, the blades constantly lift the materials to the required height, and then freely fall and mix with each other. Mainly used for mixing ordinary aggregate plastic concrete. In order to control the cost effectively, the foreman told us that the correct feeding order is: stone, water and sand. It is precisely because the feeding order is wrong that it will cause waste.

three

First, the internship time

June 26th, xx-July XX 17

Second, the internship location

Xx engineering project department

Third, the purpose of the internship

Production practice is the second practice of students majoring in architectural engineering technology in our school after their sophomore year. It is an organized, purposeful and in-depth internship after their freshman internship. Students go deep into the construction site, communicate and guide with the workers and technicians on the site, participate in practice, and fully and systematically understand the construction technology and technology of the construction project, as well as various management measures. Familiar with the nature, operation characteristics and operation mode of production management in engineering construction enterprises. In practice, students can integrate the professional knowledge they have learned in class, deepen their understanding of what they have learned, and strengthen the application of professional knowledge and skills and the potential of practical work; Strengthening the concept of integrating theory with practice, cultivating students' potential to analyze and solve problems independently, and strengthening students' professional consciousness and sense of professional responsibility have played a substantial guiding role in the study of primary courses and laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for us to go to work in the future.

Fourth, the production of internship materials

(1) Project Overview

1# Building Project Location: the courtyard of Hebei Qin Jing Expressway Management Office in the west section of Yanshan Street, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City.

Owner: Qinhuangdao Qin Jing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

Project Name: Residential Building 1# Building of Qinhuangdao Qin Jing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

Architectural function: residence

Structural form: shear wall structure

Building floors: basement 1, main floor 12 (local computer room and stairs 14).

Building area: building area 12 108. 2?

Underground plot 845?

Ground area 1 1263. 2?

Building base area 878?

Building height: 37. 95m (top of main parapet)

The design level of this project is Grade III, and the building category is high-rise residence. The fire resistance level is above ground level 2, underground level 1, safety level 2, and seismic fortification intensity level 7. The service life of the building is 50 years.

2# Building Project Location: the courtyard of Hebei Qin Jing Expressway Management Office in the west section of Yanshan Street, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City.

Owner: Qinhuangdao Qin Jing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

Project name: Building 2, Residential Building of Qinhuangdao Qin Jing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

Building area: 39 16, residential building. 05? ; The lower floor is 584. 68? ; The dormitory is 584. 68? The canteen and the office are 696. 62? Building area 1097. 68? .

Building floors: 6+ 1.

Structural form: brick-concrete structure

Building height: 19. 45 meters

The seismic fortification intensity of this project is seven degrees, and the elevation of indoor terrace is zero. 000 is equivalent to an absolute elevation of 9. 90。

(2) Introduction of the project

Owner: Qinhuangdao Qin Jing Real Estate Development Co., Ltd.

Construction unit: Qinhuangdao Municipal Engineering Co., Ltd. Construction and Installation Branch.

Design unit; Zhongye Jingcheng (Qinhuangdao) Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.

Supervision unit: Beijing Ririhao Supervision Co., Ltd.

(3) Building energy-saving design

Building Energy Efficiency 1# Building The shape coefficient of this project is 0. 248? 0。 three

1。 Roof insulation; The roof insulation material of this project is 80-thick extruded board, and the thinnest part is 60-thick 1: 10 cement perlite.

2。 Wall insulation

(1) 40-thick extruded board shall be pasted on the external wall. Stick 40 thick polystyrene board outside the partition wall of stairwell.

(2) The outdoor window is a broken bridge alloy window made of insulating glass, and the air tightness grade of insulating glass is not lower than the standard specified in the current national standard "Several Testing Methods for Airtightness Classification of Building External Windows" GB/T7 107-2002. The grade of thermal insulation performance should not be lower than the test result specified in the current national standard "Classification and test method of thermal insulation performance of building external windows" GB-T8484-2002, and the heat transfer coefficient of external windows should not be greater than 3. 0。

(3) The selection of glass shall conform to JJ 113-97 Technical Specification for Building Glass, and the single door shall be greater than1. Safety glass (laminated glass thickness is greater than or equal to 6. 38? )。

(4) Stick 50-thick single-sided tabten board on the reinforced concrete bay window and balcony guardrail wall; In the process of construction, the formwork is poured together with the fence. The basement roof is paved with 50-thick extruded board; The balcony floor in contact with outdoor air is pasted with 50 thick extruded boards.

Building Energy Conservation in 2# Building

1。 The average outdoor temperature in the heating period in this area is Grade II.

2。 Building shape coefficient:? 0。 three

3。 Roof insulation materials are made of 100 thick polystyrene board and 60 thick cement perlite, and the bulk density of polystyrene board is not less than 15? /m .

4。 30 thick polystyrene particle thermal insulation mortar for external wall; The inner wall of stairwell (partition wall with users) shall be plastered with 20-thick polystyrene particle thermal insulation mortar, the lower roof panel shall be paved with 40-thick extruded board for thermal insulation, and the outer wall of reinforced concrete balcony railing shall be plastered with 50-thick single-sided white board; In the process of construction, the formwork is poured together with the fence. The balcony floor in contact with outdoor air is pasted with 50-thick extruded board.

5。 The thermal insulation performance grade of exterior doors and windows was tested according to the current national standard "Classification and testing method of thermal insulation performance of exterior windows of buildings" GB/T8484-2002. The test results showed that the heat transfer coefficient of exterior windows should not be greater than 3. 0。

6。 The exterior window of the residence is made of hollow glass and dark green broken bridge alloy, the lower room is made of glass solid web steel window, and the stairwell is made of alloy window.

? Four? Main project construction

1# building 1. Foundation engineering

Due to time, when we arrived at the construction site, the foundation and basement had been completed, and the construction of the upper part of the foundation had begun, but we still learned some basic technical information from the drawings. The foundation of shear wall residential building is 500? , the pile length is 3. 0~ 10。 0 meters. Consider soil layer (miscellaneous fill, silty clay, silty sand, silty clay, coarse sand, strongly weathered mixed granite from top to bottom) and groundwater (buried depth of groundwater is 5. 00~5。 60m) and pile foundation. * * * There are two kinds of piles: one is designed with a single pile bearing capacity of 505KN, which is mainly used for the foundation under the stairs and elevator walls, mainly considering the large load in these parts. The design value of single pile bearing capacity of another pile is 6 15N. C30 concrete is used for piles, caps, capping beams and coupling beams, C 15 concrete is used for cushion, and I-grade steel and II-grade steel are used for reinforcement. Thickness of protective layer of steel bar: pile is 50? , the cap is 100? , foundation beam 35? . Structural requirements: ① The upper reinforcement of capping beam should be overlapped within the range of pile spacing, and the lower reinforcement should be overlapped within the range of pile location, and the overlapping cross-sectional area of upper and lower reinforcement of each section should not exceed 25% (binding) and 50% (welding). (2) The pile extends into the cap 100? . The anchorage length of pile reinforcement in the pile cap is 35 times the diameter of reinforcement. (3) Pile test shall be conducted on site, and the number of test piles shall not be less than 1% of the total number of piles, and not less than 3 piles. (4) When the bottom and side of the pile cap are soft soil, all the liquefied soil should be replaced, and the compaction coefficient should not be less than 0. 94。

2。 Reinforcement engineering

Because it is a full shear wall structure, the reinforcement and concrete in the site are dominant. And steel bars are the most important. In the whole construction process, the binding or welding of steel bars can be divided into the binding of steel bars in walls (including columns, of course), the binding of steel bars in beams and slabs and the binding of steel bars in stairs. Among them, the binding and welding of beam and slab reinforcement is the most complicated and important. At this moment, I will summarize the main points of knowledge learned from the scene as follows:

(1) wall (embedded column) reinforcement

Shear wall reinforcement can be divided into horizontal reinforcement and vertical reinforcement. When the steel bar is bound, the horizontal bar is on the outside of the vertical bar, which is just convenient for workers to construct. And the lacing of the wall is according to the diameter of 6? 600 spacing? The design is based on the hook at both ends of 135, but in practice, considering the convenience of construction, one end of the steel bar is made into a hook at 135, and the other end is made into a hook at 90. There are many hidden columns (AZ) in simple walls, which can be divided into corner columns (JZ) and constraint columns (YZ) according to their different parts. These concealed columns are used to further improve the bearing capacity and stability of the wall. The longitudinal reinforcement of concealed column should be bound or welded, and its lap length must meet the requirements. The stirrup of the column is encrypted at the upper and lower ends, mainly considering that the shear force of the column is relatively large. There are also requirements for the placement of stirrups. The two hooks of 135 should be staggered at intervals and not in the same direction, which also takes into account the structural requirements. After the steel bar binding of shear wall is completed, the lower part shall be welded with the steel bar with the length equal to the width of the wall (unless otherwise specified in this project, the outer wall is 200 thick and the inner wall is 160 thick) to produce a protective layer, which plays the role of internal support when supporting the wall formwork. In addition, black rubber rings, that is, concrete mats, are added to the transverse ribs of the wall.

(2) Beam and slab reinforcement

There are two kinds of beams in this project: connecting beam (LL) and suspended beam (XL). At this time, the reinforcement drawings of beams and slabs are marked by tiling method, which greatly simplifies the number of drawings and is convenient for rebar workers to look at the drawings and cut materials. When I read the drawings at the construction site, I learned that in the flat method, A means cantilever at one end and B means cantilever at both ends. The reinforcement of the beam is mainly at the supports at both ends, and the negative reinforcement at both ends should be arranged correctly. Generally, there are two long ones and two short ones attached at both ends. Both ends of stirrups must also be encrypted, and the encryption length is generally equal to 1. Five times the beam height. Plate reinforcement can be divided into plate bottom reinforcement and bearing negative reinforcement. Residential buildings are all designed according to two-way slabs. The steel bars at the bottom of the slab are arranged in two layers, and the short-span steel bars are arranged outside (i.e. below) the long-span steel bars. The negative reinforcement at the bearing should be arranged with vertically distributed reinforcement and arranged below the negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement and negative reinforcement at the corner of the plate are bound to each other, and distribution reinforcement is not used. As required, the radiating ribs should be arranged around the elevator in a ring shape.

③ Stair reinforcement

The standard height of this residential building is 3m, so the stair tread size is 260× 150. Stairs are slab stairs with separated steel bars, which greatly simplifies the construction procedure and speeds up the construction. The reinforcement of stairs mainly includes the longitudinal stress reinforcement at the bottom of the slab along the direction of the stair slab and the distribution reinforcement of the vertical stress reinforcement; Stirrups are added to the upper frame reinforcement and the lower longitudinal reinforcement of the platform beam; The reinforced bars (two-way slabs) in two directions at the bottom of the platform slab and the negative bars at the four-side supports. Considering the convenience of construction, the negative reinforcement of the bearing in the short span direction is arranged according to the whole length, rather than separately, which wastes a small amount of reinforcement but greatly improves the speed and convenience of construction.

3。 template

During the whole construction process, concrete is poured with plywood formwork. However, considering the cost, instead of using a large formwork like Golden Bay, small formwork is used to splice each other, which will leave a flat seam above the wall and floor, but this will not affect the overall quality of the project. We can see that there are many holes above the wall that has been poured and demolished, which are left by bolts when supporting the wall formwork. When supporting the wall formwork, use plastic sleeve in the middle of the pull bolt (that is, in the middle of the shear wall). When the formwork was to be removed, the opposite bolt was removed, and the casing was left in the wall, leaving many holes that we saw at the moment. Later, workers will fill these holes with cement mortar. It must be noted that a small amount of expansion agent must be added to the cement mortar to prevent cracks around the holes in the later period. Before the formwork is set up, it is necessary to brush the isolation agent on its inner side, which provides convenience for the separation of formwork from concrete and the dismantling of formwork in the later stage. The quality of formwork engineering directly affects the pouring quality of concrete in the later period, so the installation quality must be strictly controlled. We saw many steel hoops above the floor at the scene. These were poured into this floor at that time. The purpose is to use a fixed position for the steel pipe supporting the upper die to ensure that the template we support can be stable and firm. After removal, workers will use gas cutting to remove it. The flat-fell seam workers between the templates are sealed with tape to prevent slurry leakage. Between the formwork and the reinforced wall, rubber belts are also used to prevent the poured concrete from seeping from the joints. So how do workers control it?

Is the template they set vertical? This depends on the baseline laid by the pay-off operator before. Our technicians not only popped up the position line of the wall before formwork support, but also put another correction line on one side of the wall. What is the outward offset distance of our construction site? . Workers use this datum line to check whether the wall formwork they support is vertical and without distortion with a heavy hammer.

4。 concrete work

When we first entered the construction site, the main project of 1# building had reached the fourth floor. They used the method of pumping concrete into ash. At first, concrete was transported from the ground to the construction floor by pump truck. However, we can imagine that the long arm of the pump truck has a necessary distance. Our house is heightened layer by layer. If the ash is sent up by a pump truck, firstly, the pressure is not enough, and secondly, the pipeline of the truck is not so long. So when we poured the house to the ninth floor on the construction site, we used the ground pump to send the concrete prepared by the concrete mixing station. When concrete is transported from the mixing station to the construction site by truck, the first thing our technicians should do is to check whether our concrete meets our design requirements. So there are two tasks that must be completed: first, concrete blocks; The other is slump test. Only when all requirements are met can concrete be pumped. However, what we saw at the scene was that our experimenters were doing experiments, and the concrete there had been sent up. I thought, what if the test results show that the concrete is unqualified? Perhaps this is the difference between theory and practice. However, the site supervisor told us that this concrete is generally qualified when it comes out of the mixing station, and there will be no big problem. If there is, it is also within the error range. Hehe, I wonder what this sentence means. This seems to mean that we are just following the procedure when doing these experiments.

Concrete pouring begins with the shear wall, and then the plate beam. Many workers cooperate with each other and have a close division of labor. While pouring, several other workers were busy vibrating. The wall is a vibrator and the floor is a flat vibrator. The vibrator is only a preliminary leveling and compaction, and the workers have to use a trowel for subsequent leveling, and then cover it with a film to prevent excessive evaporation of water from affecting the hydration setting and strength of concrete. This is also the most important point in the process of concrete curing. After the concrete reaches the strength design value, it can be put into the next layer of construction.

Because of time, we can't see the roofing project of 1# building, but I can see the concrete method of inner roofing from the construction drawing. The general principle is to achieve waterproof and thermal insulation effect. The main construction method is to lay 80 thick extruded board and 2 thick polymer-coated waterproof layer, 1. The outermost layer of 2-thick EPS synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane is 20-thick 1: 3 cement mortar protective layer. The floor decoration project also has its differences according to the different parts. Mainly from the living room, bedroom and dining room; Kitchen; Bathroom, balcony; Staircase and other areas shall be constructed in different ways. However, the overall construction technology remains unchanged, that is, 20 thick polystyrene boards and 40 thick pisolite concrete are paved first, and the surface layer is handled by users themselves. Only in some local places, such as toilets, a layer of waterproof mortar or waterproof coiled material is added to meet the waterproof requirements.

The residential buildings in Building 2 have complex functions and different uses. Generally speaking, there is a parking garage in the lower room and a dormitory above. Dormitories are divided into single dormitory (collective dormitory) and married residence. There are canteens and property offices near the east, which can be said to be quite complete! The whole residential building is brick-concrete structure, plus or minus 0. 000 is sintered shale brick, plus or minus 0. Above 000, sintered porous bricks are used, and the moisture-proof layer of the wall is placed at 60? Location. The foundation adopts reinforced concrete strip foundation, and there are five types of foundation. The temperature expansion joints are set in Units 3 and 4, and there is no settlement joint. The floors, stairs, structural columns, ring beams and some lintels of the main project are cast-in-place concrete. The load-bearing wall adopts P-type porous brick, and part of it adopts ceramsite hollow block.

Requirements for reinforced concrete structure: ① The reinforcement at the bottom of the slab extends into the bearing for ≥5d and not less than 120? . The negative reinforcement of plate edge bearing should generally extend into the protective layer of beam skin. (2) When pouring concrete slabs, if construction joints must be left, the construction joints should be left in the transverse wall. (3) The joint between the constructional column and the wall is provided with horse teeth and the diameter is 6? Scissors, spacing 500, penetration depth 1000? Or go to the cave. (4) Bundled wire tubes are vertically placed in the 240 wall, and the masonry here is changed to C25 concrete, which is the same as the constructional column. (5) when the ring beam is also a lintel, add steel bars above the hole and encrypt stirrups.