The reading speed of two compositions in the first volume of the eighth grade! ! ! ! Waiting online. . .

1. Master commonly used classical Chinese vocabulary and understand the main idea of the text.

2. Taste the beautiful language, understand the artistic conception of the work, and understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the article.

3. Guide reading, familiar reading, and cultivate students' sense of classical Chinese.

Key points and difficulties:

Key points: accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and learn to write landscapes. Guide students to feel the beautiful artistic conception of the work and realize the thoughts and feelings revealed in the article.

Difficulties: Taste the beautiful pictures, concise language and ingenious layout of the article, and initially improve students' ability to appreciate literary works.

Teaching arrangement: two class hours

Teaching steps:

Thank you for the Chinese book you gave me in the first class.

Teaching points: Both teachers and students like to read the book "Thank you". Take reciting as a breakthrough to guide students to read the text beautifully; Perceive the meaning of the text as a whole in repeated reading; Stimulate students' imagination, reproduce the picture and guide students to feel the poetry of the article; Read the text deeply and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.

First of all, the entry is interesting.

1. The ancients said that "the benevolent enjoys Leshan, and the wise enjoys water". The scenery of mountains and rivers has aroused the infinite feelings of countless literati in ancient and modern times. Please search your memory bank and recite some poems describing the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland. (See Yue, Qinyuanchun Xuexue, write with Zhu, see the snow in the pavilion in the middle of the lake, etc. Today, we will appreciate a famous landscape sketch of the Six Dynasties. Thank you for writing a book in Chinese.

The introduction of reminiscence poems can not only consolidate what they have learned, but also stimulate students' interest in learning and help them get into the state. )

2. Students write their own questions, solve problems and get to know the author.

Books are letters, and ancient letters are also called "letters" or "Japanese letters", which is an applied style.

About the author's works: Emperor Qi once called Tao Hongjing into the palace to study with the prince. Later, Tao Hongjing lived in seclusion in Qushan (now Maoshan). Proficient in yin and yang, five elements, mountain geography, astronomy and meteorology. After Liang Wudi succeeded to the throne, he "can't be hired". Therefore, whenever there is bad luck, sacrifice or conquest, the court will send people into the mountains to ask him for advice, so he is called "the prime minister in the mountains." Tao Yisheng is so loose. Whenever the breeze blows the pine branches and rustles, he is as crazy as hearing fllI's music. Sometimes, he went into the mountains alone to listen to the voice of Shan Ye Songtao, also known as the "immortal".

Xie Zhongshu is Zheng Xie, with a degree in character. Chen was born in Xia Dynasty. He once wrote a beautiful book, so he called it Xie Zhongshu. Tao Hongjing wrote this letter to Zheng Xie, praising the beauty of mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. It is a masterpiece of landscape sketches in the Six Dynasties.

Teaching students the right to write topics and solve problems, supplemented by teachers, is intended to strengthen students' awareness of being the main body of learning. )

Second, self-study to solve doubts: repeat reading, teachers and students explore recitation methods.

1. Read the names, understand the pronunciation, and roughly grasp the reading rhythm of parallel prose.

2. The teacher recited the full text with emotion.

3. Teacher's question: According to your experience in learning classical Chinese, do you have any good ideas if you are required to recite the essay soon?

Teacher's summary: translation memory method (memory based on understanding the meaning of words);

Situational representation (imagine the content as a rich picture, which is easy to remember); Outline method (by memorizing the context of the article, you can remember the full text clearly); Keyword memory method (grasping some keywords in a sentence and driving the memory of the whole sentence)

Students' answers are mostly based on their own experience and may not be too general. Teachers should be good at improving students' answers.

Teacher: The key to learning is to suit yourself. Today, we might as well use these methods to study this essay and see what method is best for you.

This lesson sets the theme for the whole class, taking reading as the learning theme and reciting classical Chinese as the teaching goal, aiming at guiding students to overcome the fear of reciting classical Chinese and to guide students to learn the methods and laws of classical Chinese. )

Third, learn to dispel doubts: at the beginning, recite the full text by translation memory method.

1. Students combine notes after class to understand the meaning of the text.

Students circle the key words in the short passage, translate the full text and add notes. If you are not sure, you can discuss it with your deskmate. If you still can't solve it, you can write it directly on the blackboard in the place reserved by the teacher.

2. The teacher made clear the key words.

Five colors meet: the fog will rest: the sunset will fade: everything is ready: everyone can compete with it: participate; significant

Ask a group of people to take the lead in translating this essay.

Students try to recite this article. (Can't recite but can read)

The main purpose of this link is to implement the accumulation of classical Chinese vocabulary and lay a solid foundation for students to lay a solid basic knowledge of classical Chinese. )

Difficult to doubt: read the passage, feel the charm of the text, and then recite the passage.

1. Clear up the structure of the article and try to recite it.

Teacher: Some students have good memories, and they all memorized them. Some students still need to work hard. In order to facilitate memory, let's first look at how the author wrote it.

"The beauty of mountains and rivers, talk about * * * from ancient times to the present" always leads to the full text. From ancient times to the present, everyone likes to use "talk about * * *" and "beauty" to point out the center of the full text. Some describe the beauty of mountains and rivers. Finally, the temple said, "I really want to be a fairy capital. Since it was rebuilt, there is nothing like it." First, I summed up the previous article with sighs, and then confirmed this statement with celebrities. In this way, the echo from beginning to end, the combination of discussion and narration make the main part of the article more distinct and prominent. In the landscape description part, first look up at the "peak clouds", then look down at the "Qingxi to the bottom", and then look at the "stone walls on both sides of the strait" and "green forests and green bamboos". Finally, it is written in two levels: dawn and dusk, with one sentence, one scene and one meaning, and the order is very good.

2. Cooperative learning, language appreciation, full-text reading.

(1) The group undertakes the task, and the group cooperates with * * * to describe the beautiful scenery and appreciate the keywords.

Teacher: There are more students who can recite short articles, but my biggest regret is that we didn't read such a beautiful article to make it glow with life. Now, let's plug in the wings of imagination to describe the beautiful scenery expressed in the text and make the text beautiful.

(2) Collective exchange group discussion results, creating artistic conception and depicting beautiful scenery.

"The peak turns, and the clear stream bottoms out". Accompanied by mountains and rivers, high spirits. This is the "peak crowd cloud". Peak, that is, steep; Into the clouds, the sky is high and the clouds are light. At the foot of the mountain is the "clean bottom". The water is crystal clear. The peak is high and clear, and the dynamic potential of water adds vitality to the mountain. The reflection of the mountain covered the water with extraordinary splendour, which set each other off into interest.

"The rock walls on both sides of the strait are colorful. Green forests and bamboos are always ready. The stone wall stands thousands of miles, colorful and dazzling. In addition, there are green forests and bamboos mixed among them, just like colorful brocade dotted with jasper, which has become a spectacle. On both sides of the river, it is like hanging two brocade baskets, with blue sky as the background and flowing water as the foil, and the reflection enters the clean stream, and the scenery is beautiful and moving.

"Dawn fog will rest, apes and birds will sing; The sun sets and the scales sink. " In the morning, white fog fills the air first, then flocs, then smoke, and finally there is no fog yarn, only dawn, apes and birds singing, and all the sounds are full of vitality. In the evening, the red sun sets in the west, the mountains are covered with dusk, birds return to the forest, and apes rest in the trees as far as the eye can see. At this time, the fish that used to be downstream of the water jumped out, moving silently and ringing silently, which was very interesting.

③ Try to recite the full text with music.

This link aims to give full play to students' initiative, guide students to write and understand the artistic conception created by the article. )

Fifth, expansion and extension: group competition, beautiful recitation of short articles, experience the author's thoughts and feelings.

1. Recite the short passage in group solitaire training and introduce a team member to participate in the competition.

2. Match in groups and recite the full text with emotion.

Evaluation criteria: accurate pronunciation, natural and appropriate cadence, full of emotion, and can give people beautiful enjoyment.

Teaching AIDS: Teachers provide some music for students to choose freely.

3. In the comments, the thoughts and feelings reflected by the author in the article are naturally summarized.

It expresses the author's pride in being intoxicated with the pleasure of mountains and rivers and enjoying the beautiful scenery with friends from ancient and modern times. There are straightforward sentences in this article. The article begins with "the beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times". This word "beauty" is the objective form of landscape, and it is also the author's aesthetic feeling of landscape. "The fairy capital of the real world" will undoubtedly show itself in the mountains and rivers. "entertain yourself, there is no wonder." No one can appreciate the beauty of Kasper? Lingyun, but the author can find endless fun from it, and he has a sense of pride, which is beyond words.

This link uses various forms of reading to stimulate students' reading enthusiasm, and at the same time inspire students to accurately grasp the author's thoughts and feelings, and use certain reading skills to express them. When short essays are full of life in students' reading, the charm of classical Chinese infects students in the most appropriate way. )

Distribution of intransitive verbs

1. Recite this passage to your parents.

2. Preview the night tour of Chengtian Temple.

Second-class night tour to Chengtian Temple

Teaching points: Teachers and students enjoy reading together. On the basis of being familiar with reading, they can taste the language, understand the artistic conception of the work and grasp the author's complicated and subtle thoughts and feelings.

First check the preview results and make clear the meaning.

1. Read the text aloud in your favorite way and read the pronunciation correctly with the help of the notes at the bottom of the page.

2. Feedback preview. Recommend words worthy of accumulation or attention. Ask for help with uncertain words.

The teacher prompts some important words to help students understand sentences.

(1) reading is not fun, so I went to Chengtian Temple to find Zhang Huaimin.

Reading: thinking: then, arriving: arriving.

(2) The courtyard is as clear as water, with algae and grass interlaced and bamboo and cypress shaded.

G: So.

(3) But there are few idle people like me.

But: only

3. Ask the students to translate the full text, and ask the rest of the students to make pertinent comments.

4. The whole class reads the short passage together, requiring accurate pronunciation and proper sentence reading.

Considering that the length of this paper is not long and there are not many words that are difficult to understand, the implementation of basic knowledge of classical Chinese is carried out in the form of exchanging preview results, so that more time can be spent on reading, understanding the author's feelings, and at the same time cultivating students' interest and ability to learn classical Chinese independently. )

Second, introduce the author and understand the writing background.

1. Please talk about your understanding of Su Shi.

Su Shi was a famous writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. His poems are good at words, and his prose Wang Yang is wanton, so he has the reputation of "dominating one hundred generations". Night Tour in Chengtian Temple was written by him when he was in Huangzhou, Hubei.

2. The teacher added his views on Su Shi.

Teacher: As for Su Shi, as everyone said just now, Su Shi's life should be said to be very unfortunate compared with ordinary people, but he lived happily, while many of us lived an ordinary life and said that life was boring. It seems that they really should learn from Su Shi and ask him why he can live so happily. Today we will study Su Shi's night tour of Chengtian Temple. I hope everyone can get the true meaning of making life happy from Su Shi after class.

It takes more time for students to understand Su Shi. On the one hand, it is convenient for students to learn this article better and understand the author's feelings. On the other hand, Su Shi is an important figure in the history of China literature. More introductions can enrich students' literary literacy and stimulate their interest in reading literary works. )

Third, learn to dispel doubts and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.

1. Which sentence in the text can let us see Su Shi's situation at this time? How to understand the meaning of the word "idle people"? How is Su Shi's mood?

Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou as a prisoner without pay, so he rented 50 mu of wasteland to operate. There is a poem saying, "If you don't leave an inch of land idle, you will be hungry and cold." "Dongpo planted three hundred feet of rubble in Huang Sang last year. This year, mow the grass to cover the Xuetang, and the sun blows ink. " There is also the tenth day of "Laughing all your life and keeping your mouth busy". Su Shi seems to be very busy and has to support his family. We will open up wasteland, plant hemp mulberry and build houses to make a living. Is he free?

Define the meaning of "idle people" roughly.

"Idle people", that is, idle people, do not mean people who are extremely bored and idle, but contain complex meanings. "Idle people" here refers to people who have leisure and elegance.

2. What words can express the author's mood?

Prompt students to think about the following sentences, read and analyze the author's thoughts and feelings.

People in the moonlight set off happily.

Seeing "the moonlight is like a house", you are "overjoyed" and your joy is beyond words.

(2) Idle people go to Chengtian Temple to find Zhang Huaimin.

Hint: Why look for Zhang Huaimin alone?

Supplementary information: Zhang Huaimin was demoted to Huangzhou in 1083 and lived in Chengtian Temple first. Although Zhang Huaimin was demoted to a junior official, he was open-minded and never cared about demotion. In his spare time, he enjoys the scenery and does not worry about adversity. He is a noble and detached person.

③ Huaimin stayed up and walked in the atrium.

The word "one" expresses "however, I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn" and the joy of knowing each other like-minded. Getting to know each other and enjoying the moon synchronously with friends shows a very pleasant mood.

(4) What night doesn't last for a month? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.

Considering the author's situation at that time. Compared with "busy", "leisure" will naturally not be tied to official duties because of being demoted as in Beijing. A word "leisure" contains the author's many feelings, including relegated sadness, frustrated loneliness, self-resignation, and leisure and the joy of enjoying the moon.

3. Students read four sentences together to understand the author's complicated thoughts and feelings.

(This link starts with the word "idle people" directly, and on the basis of grasping the author's feelings as a whole, then grasp the key words sentence by sentence to read the author's feelings. In teaching, reading and understanding should always be closely combined, and teachers should strive to create a good atmosphere of communication and inquiry. )

Fourth, it is difficult to dispel doubts and taste the beauty of scenery writing.

1. "All scenery words are sentimental words", and I am in such a mood to enjoy the scenery and see the scenery in the eyes of the author. Please find out the sentences describing the moonlight in the text and read them with expression.

(The stagnant water is empty, and the algae and grass in the water are interlaced, covered with bamboo and cypress. )

2. Question: There is no word "month" in the whole sentence, and there is no word that is not written "month". Please analyze the beauty of this article.

Students imagine pictures and think.

Qing: write moonlight first, "the water is empty and bright", and a pool of water is clear and transparent, which can be inferred from moonlight; Following the description of things in the water, "algae and grass intersect", criss-crossing and swaying, which can infer the beauty of moonlight; The water surface is empty and bright, crossing with algae and weeds, setting each other off and baking each other, adding to the beauty of a moonlit night tour. Finally, it is pointed out that "Guy Bai Zhu Ye Ying" can infer the depth of moonlight. The night tour begins in June and the month is deducted everywhere; Writing for a month is not a heavy color, but a few strokes, and the realm is exhausted; Write the moon, nameless, from the shadow hand of bamboo and cypress. The author is undoubtedly a brilliant hand of chanting the moon, and the scene of this moonlit night is really wonderful.

3. Students recite this sentence.

This link aims to guide students to appreciate the scenery description in the text in repeated reading and learn the superb skills of the author in writing scenery objects. )

Fifth, expand and extend, read repeatedly, and deeply understand the author's emotions.

1. Wang Guowei said: "The words of all scenery are sentimental words." Which word in the beautiful scenery described by the author best reflects the author's mood at that time? Read and write the scene sentences.

Grasp the "emptiness" and highlight the purity and clarity of the heart, such as water.

2. Calm as water, what a good evaluation. If the teacher continues a poem on the basis of the author's scenery, let's see which one is the most suitable.

Frogs croak in the bushes. (2) Smell a few dogs barking outside the hospital. (3) A few cool people laugh. (4) Fireflies flying in the air.

Students think independently first, and then communicate and explore in groups. )

Teacher: As you can see, the night scene described by Su Shi is quiet and elegant, and any of these four sentences will break this atmosphere. The author's mood at this time is as quiet and profound as the scenery he describes.

3. Instruct students to read aloud and try to recite the full text with emotion.

(1) Discuss what kind of tone and intonation this article should use and what kind of sentiment it should read.

② Recite the essay with emotion.

This link aims to explore the artistic conception of the article and the author's mood, mainly through group inquiry. Create a situation to continue writing, so that students can experience the artistic conception of the article through communication, argumentation, thinking, analysis and choice, and then further understand the author's mood at that time. )

Sixth, reflect after teaching, connect with reality and understand the author's feelings.

1. In two beautiful articles, we also sincerely feel the beauty of nature. In real life, in fact, everyone often has the opportunity to get close to nature. Why didn't we find such a beautiful scenery in our eyes? What other ideas do ordinary people have? Or what are you busy with?

Students contact themselves and answer freely in combination with reality. )

2. Sima Qian has a famous saying that "the world is bustling, all for profit; The world is bustling, all for profit. " The world is often greedy for profit, and the heart is blocked by fame and fortune. The heart is blind, as blind as a bat, and can't see the beautiful scenery. It is precisely because Su Shi is not interested in fame and fortune that he can be "idle". Let's take a look at foreigners' comments on Su Shi. Let's read it together.

In 2000, the French newspaper Le Monde commented on Su Shi: "Living in a temple, worrying about the country and the people, being diligent in government affairs; Stay away from rivers and lakes, be conscientious and be a good party. During his stay in the DPRK, he dared to speak out and was not afraid of powerful people; During his relegation, he made many achievements in fighting floods and eliminating locusts, helping the poor and saving orphans. His intonation is worthy of heaven and earth, and his heart is not burdened by fame and fortune. He has leisure to enjoy the scenery and write countless masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. "

3. Teacher's summary:

Now let me summarize this article in three sentences. The sculptor Rodin said in the first sentence: "Beauty is everywhere!" What is this sentence equivalent to in the text?

Why is there no moon at night? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? )

In the second sentence, Su Shi tells us: romantic is impermanent, and idlers are the masters. What is this sentence equivalent to in the text?

But few idle people are like me. )

In the third sentence, Su Shi told us to "have nothing in your chest". What is this sentence equivalent to in the text?

The courtyard is as empty as water, with algae and grass interlaced and bamboo and cypress shaded. )

A great German poet, Holderlin, said, "Man lives poetically on the earth." There are poems and beauty everywhere in life. I hope the students can enjoy their lives. There is a highway in the Alps valley with beautiful scenery on both sides, but it's a pity that people just pass by in a hurry. Later, someone with a heart inserted a placard on the side of the road and wrote in big letters: "Go slowly and enjoy yourself!" " "Here, I also send you a word:" Take your time and enjoy it! "Let's put this sentence on the signpost of life, and let us all have a poetic life like Su Shi.

The whole class recited the full text emotionally.

(This link is mainly to arouse students' experience, let students feel the value of people's optimistic attitude, and have an emotional connection with the author. The final summary aims to guide students to make it clear that beauty is everywhere, and the key is what kind of mood to feel and how to find it. Inspire students to face life with a correct and positive attitude. )

Seven. distribute

1. Read two short passages.

These two short essays are very meaningful and poetic, so write a comment on one of them.

3. Collect some famous sentences and articles about scenery and prepare for class communication.

blackboard-writing design

Admit China's book

Feel the beauty of mountains and rivers since ancient times

Look up: the peak is like a cloud; Overlooking: crystal clear and distinct.

Flat view: stone walls on both sides of the strait; Green bamboo forest, audio-visual integration

Painting: The fog breaks, and the birds are singing together.

Evening: As the sun sets, there are various forms of scaling.

I feel proud of Xie Gong in my emotional period.

Night tour of Chengtian Temple

The scenery in the painting academy, moonlight, stagnant water, empty water, algae and weeds cross each other.

Express the feelings of idle people, enjoy the joy of enjoying the moon and take a leisurely stroll.

Depression, loneliness, self-treatment, philosophy