Joke Collection Website - News headlines - What is the difference between Confucius' Tao and Mencius' Tao?
What is the difference between Confucius' Tao and Mencius' Tao?
They are the same in the thought of benevolence and courtesy, benevolence and kingly way ~ They are different in the theory of human nature, goodness and evil ~ The following is the concrete point: Confucius is the representative of Confucian school, and the essence of his thought is to advocate benevolence, which means "love". Put forward the arguments of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "stand up for others if you want to stand up, and reach for others if you want to", advocate the principle of "loyalty and forgiveness", and think that the implementation of "benevolent policy" should be based on "courtesy": "self-denial and courtesy are benevolence". Regarding the religious superstition of ghosts and gods since the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, they take a skeptical attitude, thinking that "if you don't know your life, you can't be a ghost" and "if you don't know your life, you can't think that you are a gentleman". It also pays attention to the combination of "learning" and "thinking", and puts forward the viewpoints of "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous" and "reviewing the old and learning the new". Initiate the private lecture atmosphere, advocate teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, "teach without distinction", "never tire of learning and never tire of teaching others", and emphasize that "a gentleman loves others when he learns Tao, while a villain learns Tao easily". Politically, he put forward the idea of "correcting the name", thinking that "Jun Jun, ministers, fathers and sons" should all be true to their "names", and put forward the view of "not suffering from inequality, not suffering from poverty, but suffering from anxiety". Since the Western Han Dynasty, Confucius' theory has become the cultural orthodoxy of feudal society for more than 2, years, with great influence. Mencius inherited and developed Confucius' thought of ruling by virtue, and developed it into the theory of benevolent governance, which became the core of his political thought. He applied the principles of "kissing" and "growing" to politics to ease class contradictions and safeguard the long-term interests of the feudal ruling class. Mencius closely combined ethics with politics, emphasizing that moral cultivation is the foundation of doing well politics. He said: "The foundation of the world is in the country, the foundation of the country is at home, and the foundation of the home is in the body." Later, the idea of "cultivating Qi and leveling the peace" put forward by "University" was developed according to this idea of Mencius. Mencius summarized the moral norms into four categories, namely, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. At the same time, the human relations are summarized as five kinds, namely, "father and son are close, monarch and minister are righteous, husband and wife are different, young and old are orderly, and friends are trustworthy". The highest category of Mencius' philosophical thought is heaven. Mencius inherited Confucius' thought of destiny, removed the residual meaning of personality god, and imagined heaven as a spiritual entity with moral attributes. He said: "Honest people, the way of heaven is also." Mencius defined the moral concept of honesty as the essential attribute of heaven, and believed that heaven was the foundation of the inherent moral concept of human nature.
- Related articles
- May Day activity plan for the elderly in the community
- Help translate the sentence "Because I love you, there is only you in the world" into English. Thank you.
- What is the reputation of Jiangxi Communications Vocational and Technical College?
- An electric car caught fire in the corridor, killing three people. How to avoid electrical safety accidents?
- Campus Safety Management Work Implementation Plan
- A summary of the experiences of volunteers at sports games
- Selected materials of current affairs composition in 22 social hotspots
- English word sentence making
- How much do you know about traditional culture?
- What should I do if guests bring their own drinks to a restaurant?