We need to do research in the summer vacation, and I want to write a survey report on the construction of new countryside. Ask for help.

Social practice report on the investigation of college students' summer farmers' living conditions

"Farmer", a special title, was destined to form a profound friendship with the land from the day it was born. 1949 The establishment of the Great People's Republic of China (PRC) has completely changed the status of peasants who have been exploited and oppressed for thousands of years and become masters. Today, the historical ring has entered the reform and opening up, and the political status and living conditions of farmers have been greatly improved. However, we must also see that China, as a developing country, has achieved amazing development speed and fruitful reforms, but there are still some problems.

Shanxi Province, located in the Yellow River valley, has a serious surplus of farmers' production population, while coal resources are abundant and the land is relatively barren. Therefore, the coal industry was once regarded as its pillar industry, and a large number of farmers joined the ranks of coal workers for a long time. Datong Mining Bureau, Yangquan Mining Bureau and Fenxi Mining Bureau all have huge branches, and many other illegal small coal mines have recruited a large number of farmers to engage in coal mining and transportation nearby. Therefore, coal has made great contributions to solving the problem of agricultural surplus population in Shanxi.

Due to poor pre-mining planning and illegal small coal mines, coal resources are increasingly scarce, and the importance of environmental protection is increasingly prominent. The sales volume of raw coal has plummeted, coal deep processing projects and enterprises have not yet been established, and the development of coal industry has been seriously frustrated. A large number of formal workers have been laid off, temporary workers and contract workers have returned to their hometowns to farm, and the ranks of farmers have been expanding. However, the situation of land has not changed much, and the problem of overpopulation has become serious again.

Under this background and situation, this summer vacation, I specially investigated the income level and living conditions of farmers in the eastern and southern areas of Pingyao, my hometown, and found two major factors that troubled farmers.

One is natural disasters, mainly drought and hail. It is no exaggeration to describe our Jinzhong area (the central part of Shanxi Province, including Pingyao, Qixian, Taigu and Yuci) with "nine droughts in ten years". In the nearly two months from late June to mid-August, there was no rain in most areas of Pingyao County. This period is a critical period for the growth of sorghum and other crops. The high price of irrigation water discouraged farmers, so they had to watch crops dry up, turn yellow and even die. Some farmers don't want to waste their previous time, energy and cost, so they have to spend money on irrigation and fertilization. This is just to ensure a little harvest in autumn, but there is no profit at all. After investigation, I made the following calculation: A crop can be matured only after being irrigated at least twice, and the cost is per hour 14 yuan. Generally, it takes 4 hours to irrigate once per mu. In this way, the water fee per mu is about 1 15 yuan. In addition, about 20 kilograms of chemical fertilizer is needed per mu, and it is 1.6 yuan per catty; During the drought and pest disaster, the cost of pesticides per mu is about 25 yuan, and the total cost per mu is 180 yuan. If you sell the products, such as soybeans, the yield per mu is about 150kg, which is about 2 yuan per kilogram, but the income is not as high as that in 300 yuan. It does not include cultivated land fee, seed fee, transportation fee and agricultural tax. The amount of money entering farmers' pockets does not exceed that of 30 yuan. Therefore, the hard work of farmers is basically regarded as unpaid labor. What's more, there are many people and few places, and the food produced can only be consumed by itself, and there is no savings to exchange for money.

Forestry has developed rapidly in recent years (mainly fruit industry). Due to the lack of market experience and strategic vision, the cultivated varieties are nothing more than old varieties such as Red Star, Golden Light, Guoguang and Fuji. Except Fuji, which sells well, other varieties are not easy to sell. Therefore, fruit farmers not only have to endure the pain of living beyond their means, but also face the embarrassment of "selling fruits hard". Especially this year, on June 15, one third of our county was hit by hail. Serious places, cotton, soybeans, etc. The poles that were beaten bare, and in lighter areas, fruits also suffered "trauma". At the beginning of August, hail struck again, and farmers' losses were more serious.

Another factor that puzzles farmers is human factors. Some leaders' mistakes in decision-making have also left irreparable losses to farmers. The blind development of fruit trees mentioned above is a very representative example. The variety is poor, the quality is low, and the harvest is small. It takes a long time to change varieties or change the agricultural structure. In addition, in many places, traffic is inconvenient and information is blocked, which seriously affects the local economic development.

The above two factors lead to the extremely low per capita income of farmers and the serious phenomenon of making ends meet. Therefore, an average of 1-2 people in each family go out to work or do business, forming a pattern of supporting agriculture with industry and agriculture with business. The following is a list of surveys I have done, from which we can see the living conditions of farmers:

The members of the family type survey project are all farmers, including teachers, workers and farmers, and some farmers and businessmen have foreign debts.

Average monthly income (family) 20 yuan 500 yuan 520 yuan

Average monthly expenditure (family) 34.4 yuan 430 yuan 430 yuan

Net balance-14.4 yuan 170 yuan 190 yuan.

The ratio is 5.2% 9 1.7% 3. 1% 95%.

In addition to the necessities of life, more than 85% families spend most of their income on their children's education, which is also the reason why most families are in debt. One.

Of course, with the change of people's concept and the improvement of cultural level, the investment in agricultural science and technology has gradually increased. Plastic greenhouse and plastic film mulching technology are gradually being popularized. In Yuebi Township, where land resources are scarce, the popularization rate of the two technologies has reached more than 90%, which is a remarkable progress.

Shanxi is a relatively backward province in the national economy, and the Pingyao area it contains is also a relatively backward place. Strictly speaking, the above situation is not widely representative. But through this survey, I feel a lot. As a farmer's daughter, I deeply realized the hardships, pains and helplessness of farmers working all the year round. But I firmly believe that with the further deepening of agricultural reform, farmers' lives will get better day by day.

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