Brief introduction of Xie Zhen, a poet in cloth in Ming Dynasty. What is the most famous poem in Xie Zhen?

Life experience: a teenager became famous. Xie Zhen traveled all his life and never became an official. Born in poverty, his family was embarrassed, and he liked to communicate with chivalrous people and love vocal music since childhood. At the age of 65,438+05, Su Xueshi, a rural resident, wrote Yuefu Ci at the age of 65,438+06, and read it equally in Linqing and Germany.

Around the age of 30, he went to present his poems to Zhu and Dekang as guest gifts and became a guest of honor. Zhang De used to be a powerful country, where scholars gathered in the Jian 'an period at the end of Han Dynasty, and Zhao Wang also had rich literary talents, which should be the reason why Xie Zhen lived in a powerful country. Here, the main content of Xie Shi is to write about the scenery of Yecheng and the rewards of friends.

Traveling around for a long time, Xie Zhen couldn't stand the idle life of accompanying wine, so he began to wander around with Yecheng as the center. For more than 20 years, he went down the river, traveled east and south, traveled to Lushan Mountain and arrived in Nanjing. Go up the river and watch Jing Xiang win. I went to Beijing, the capital of the north, boarded Juyongguan, visited Wufeng Mountain and wrote many poems about my trip. His contacts are mostly local officials, imperial clan leaders, monks, hermits, restaurants and students, and his poems are mostly friends and lyrical. In the meantime, he went to Songshan twice to visit the Zen monk; Zhuxian Town mourned Li Bai, Du Fu and Gao Shi by hanging Yue Fei, an anti-gold hero. Although he didn't have much contact with farmers, he also understood their painful lives and expressed deep sympathy, such as The Sigh of the Fisherman.

Xie Zhen, who spoke bravely, boasted that he was "indifferent", but he still cared about current affairs. In the twenty-seventh year of Jiajing (1548), Xia Yan, the cabinet records, and Shangshu, the Ministry of War, were killed for opposing the right to rape Yan Song. Some friends were banished to other places for this reason, and he wrote many poems to comfort and encourage them. The next year, in Henan, he heard the land monster of Xun County, that is, he went north to Beijing and ran between officials, which finally made the unjust prison go smoothly.

In the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Tatars broke into Gubeikou, reaching the gates of Beijing and shaking the ruling and opposition parties. Yan Song, the traitor, forbade all generals to attack, resulting in the land of the two capitals being plundered. Seeing this, the poet was worried and angry for no reason, and wrote five autumn poems, a sad journey. Yuan and Mr. Li climbed the northwest tower to see the suburban people, and they were given instructions when they passed through Shandong.

In the winter of the first year of Wanli (1573), Xie Zhen returned from Guanzhong and went to Zhangde to visit Zhu Changqing, the great-grandson of Zhao Kangwang. This Mu Wang is also elegant. He is good at Xie Zhen's poems, and he received an excellent gift. At the banquet for Xie Zhen, Mu Wang ordered Jackie to play his Zhi Zhu Ci, and Hazel was greatly moved. The next morning, she presented a new word, 14 que, composed by Ji Du. On New Year's Day the following year, King Mu hosted a banquet for Xie Zhen. "After the banquet, Li Sheng returned to concubine Zhen. Hazel swam between Yan and Zhao and became famous. The guest's poems for longevity are hundreds of chapters, more than 80, and they are dead. "("Biography of Ming History ")

Literary leaders hold the leader of the "last seven sons" with cloth strips.

In the 27th year of Jiajing (1549), Xie Zhen went to Beijing for the first time and met Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen. At that time, Li and Wang were young, and Xie was already a world-famous old poet. They often talk and write poems together, and discuss the way of poetry creation. When he returned to Beijing in the 31st year of Jiajing (1552), Li, Wang, Xu Zhongxing, Liang Youyu, Zong Chen and Wu invited him to form a poetry club, which was called "the last seven sons" in history. At the beginning of the association, Xie Zhen listed Bu as the leader of the seven sons. Later, Wang Shizhen promoted Li Panlong and rejected Xie Zhen. Li's poems gradually became famous and became the first of the "Seven Scholars".

Xie Zhen is the only one among the "Later Seven Scholars" who put forward a relatively complete poetic proposition, and Four Kinds of Poetic Comments is a collection of his poetic comments. He advocated retro and thought that poetry reached its peak in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, he opposed the simulation of scale, imitated the ancients into sentences, and advocated excavating new ideas according to the prospect of eyes. Therefore, there is no difference between Xie Zhen's theory that poetry should prosper the Tang Dynasty with the method and the theory of "the first seven scholars" and "the last seven scholars", but there are many differences on how to learn from the ancients. He pointed out that the people who flourished in the Tang Dynasty were flawed and imperfect; There were also some beautiful sentences in the Song Dynasty, which could not be completely abolished, and the arguments were fairer than those of Li and Wang. At the same time, poetry focuses on style and attaches great importance to feeling, which is different from Li and Wang's imitation theory and begins the gradual development of verve.

Although a person is poor.

In the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing (1560), Zhao Kang, a poet who was over sixty, had to return to his hometown to make a living. Soon, he traveled away from home for another forty-three years (1564). At the request of an old friend, I stayed in Jinyang, wrote poems about living in poverty and comforted myself in poverty. I feel very sad when I travel to Shaanxi after the waves. During the period, I felt impromptu and wrote more about my sad mood. Such as "Hundred Flowers Sigh", "Accidental Success" and "Accumulated Rain".

The view of poetry in Xie Zhen's literary achievement theory is mainly embodied in four poems. His basic attitude was consistent with that of Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen, and he strongly advocated imitating the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He thinks that learning from the Song people is a manifestation of riding, but he also thinks that the works of the ancients have their own surprises. Xie Zhen agreed with Yan Yu's statement: "If you learn from it, you can only learn from it. If you learn from it, you can learn from it. Is there anyone who violates the law and learns from others? " However, slightly different from others, he took a wider road, thinking that "salt can be the law" in the early Tang Dynasty 14, and saw that these people had different styles: "majestic as the sea, beautiful as a lonely peak, majestic as a story, quaint as Yao, Zhu, string, old and healthy as a new moon and ink, clear as a mountain and snow, and lofty." He stressed that these 14 schools should "be familiar with it to seize the air, sing it in tune, and ponder it in essence." If you get these three essentials, you will be confused, and you won't have to draw Shaoling or sculpt fallen immortals. "

Xie Zhen pays more attention to "enlightenment" and "transcendence" in his poetry creation. From this perspective, he emphasized the truth, without too much imitation: "Today's students are beautiful, but if they are rich, they will be poor, and if they encounter peace, they will fight." If you are not old, you will get sick. This imitation is too much, and it is definitely not true nature. And also stressed that "others dare not say, I will say; If people refuse to do it, I will do it for creativity. These views are obviously more enlightened and brilliant than Li Panlong's poetics.

However, although Xie Zhen advocated "transcendental enlightenment" and advocated teaching what others had not done, his main purpose was to pursue "epigrams" in poetry. He thinks: "Every poem is preceded by an epigram, which is thought to be the end of prosperity and the master of the whole chapter. The case is decided by the owner, and the intention is to follow the guest. " Moreover, it is believed that this unique epigram of "detachment" can either "hide a few things in a quiet room" or "read a book to wake up the soul and suddenly gain something" and be separated from life. Sometimes he can only get good sentences in his poetry creation, but it is difficult to understand the whole article. This phenomenon is the inevitable result of his creative guiding ideology.

Poetry Creation Xie Zhen's poetry creation is outstanding in two aspects. First, because he has lived a life similar to begging for a long time, his poems often express his sadness during his wandering. For example, articles such as "Sitting at Night with Feeling for Xu Wenshan" are full of sadness. His description of the hardships of the journey is also quite true and meticulous: "What is cold and rainy, the dark clouds are boundless." Walking in the mountains all night, the broken house is close to the ancient road. A few mouthfuls are the same, and filth is not as good as sweeping. There is no owner in the garden, and the horses are scattered in the autumn grass. "(Stay in Yulin store in the rain) Poets often have the desire to study farming for another year (spring night is a thing) and escape Zen (late autumn night, Cambodian master). But in fact, he is still running around. Second, because he traveled to Qin, Jin, Yan and Zhao for a long time, he often wrote about the scenery beyond the Great Wall. Poems such as Four Poems on the Great Wall, Hu Jia Qu, Nine Poems in the Snow, and Smelling the Flute on a Winter Night vividly depict the scenery of "Plum Blossom Fragrance Blows All over the Mountain" and "Chrysanthemum can't be frozen in autumn", and also show the style and feelings of people outside the Great Wall: "The arc bends and shoots back, the snow returns in the dome at night" and "the scenery should be released when it grows". Some poems also reveal his expectation of a good soldier to guard the border. In his book "Send Xu Congjun, Send him to Yansuke to kill Min Qing", he shouted: "The third-class elders cry, and the contemporary needs to be guarded!"

Xie Zhen is good at personal contact, and the five laws are even better. Such as "Late Autumn, Feng Zhiqing, Qin Tingxian, Li Shimei Meet Huangshan Mountain": "Go deep into the valley of yellow flowers and stand high on the jade girl. Welcome people out and leave at will. Cold dew hangs down Yao grass, and autumn wind sweeps away stone moss. If you have a long time, you will win, and the birds will not guess. " Refined words show his graceful artistic skill. In addition, some of his four-line tricks can also be restrained and rigorous, such as "Hate Song", which is quite meaningful.

Anecdotal allusion Lunan is a native of Xunxian County, Henan Province, a famous poet and ci writers during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. After moving to Anyang, Xie Zhen made friends with him and became excellent friends. Later, Feodor Lynen offended the magistrate of a county for his bad manners, was thrown into prison, and was proposed to be punished by the great emperor. After hearing about Lunan's tragic experience, Xie Zhen took Lunan's works to Beijing to seek audience with dignitaries. Xie Zhen first recited Liu Nan's poems, and then cried, "Liu Sheng is really wronged! When he was alive, you didn't help him settle his grievances; After his death, it's no use writing any more poems mourning Jia Yi. " Under the influence of Xie Zhen's true feelings, Wang Shizhen, an important figure in the "Last Seven Scholars" and working in the punishments department, also helped Xie Zhen to run together and defend Lunan. After some efforts, Lu Nan was finally acquitted. Xie Zhen's move greatly enhanced his reputation. People at that time regarded him as Lv Zhonglian who shot books to save Liaocheng during the Warring States Period. Not only did the scholar-officials try to understand Xie Zhen, but even the young people in the vast areas in the north rushed to tell his story.

According to historical records, Xie Zhen was born in Linqing. Stubby. Sixteen-year-old, for Yuefu business tune, juvenile struggle for songs. I have been reading a book section by section, and I also deliberately sang poems. Zhang De on a Journey to the West was awarded by Kang Wang of Zhao Haoqi. Enter the capital and get rid of Lu Guamo. Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen formed a poetry club, hazel was the best, followed by dragon climbing. And dragon climbing is very famous, hazelnut and fate theory, quite responsible, dragon climbing and breaking up. Shizhen ascended the dragon power, forced out by force, and cut his name among the seven sons. But hazelnut spread more and more widely, and the kings of Qin Jin contended for delay. Mr. Xie Zhen is called in the north and south of the Yangtze River. Zhao Haoqi Kang is dead, but hazel is back.

In the winter of the first year of Wanli, I visited again, and Wang's great-grandson also visited. After drinking, Jia Ji, who loves life, plays pipa solo, and then hazelnut weaves bamboo branches. When Hazel heard this, the king ordered her to go out to worship. Guanghua shot people and sat down on the ground. That was ten chapters. Hazel said, "This mountain man speaks into his ear, so please make it better for the performance in the room." The new word "Fourteen Ques" faces upwards, which means Ji learned to compose music by word. On New Year's Day next year, there will be a geisha in the temple, and the wine will be stopped to see the guests off, that is, I will return to hazel with a grand ceremony. Hazelnut swam between Yan and Zhao, reaching fame. The guest asked for a hundred chapters of longevity poems, which became more than 80 chapters and died.

At the beginning of the Seventh National Congress, there were various schools in the Tang Dynasty, each with its own emphasis. Hazel said, "Take the winners of the fourteen schools of Li and Du, read them carefully with a sense of style, sing them in a tone, and ponder them with the essence. After three points, I am vast and confused. You don't have to carve immortals, draw Shaoling. " Many people listened to them, but later, although they joined hands to get rid of hazel, they called it poetry, but it actually came from hazel hair.

After the controversial incident, the predecessor of the seven sub-societies was the "Poetry Society of the Ministry of Punishment". In the 23rd year of Jiajing (1544), Yuan Fuzheng, a native of Linhai (present-day Zhejiang) and Songjiang Huating (present-day Shanghai), was recruited into Jinshi, and was awarded the post of Shangshu in the Ministry of Punishment. At this time, it happened that Wu Jingjin, a native of Xiaofeng (now Zhejiang), was the director of punishments, so several people formed a poetry club to comment on poems, sing songs and reward them (Qian's Biography of Poems in Past Dynasties was named "Du"). This poetry club is a spontaneous literary activity of middle and lower officials in Beijing, mainly from the south. At that time, although Xie Zhen had traveled between Lu and Jing, he did not join the poetry club. In the poetry club of punishments, Wu was "especially valued by his peers". Wang Shizhen's Preface to the Collected Works of Mr. Wu Junbo said that he "learned from the past and never forgot, but he still took the teacher's heart as his ability and insisted on piling" (Volume 51 of M-Nation Continuation). According to the reporter's understanding, "Piling" refers to Tang Shunzhi and Wujin (now Changzhou, Jiangsu), and it was one of the main advocates of the famous Tang and Song School at that time. It can be seen that the purport of the poetry club of the Ministry of Justice basically follows the Tang and Song schools, which is quite different from the opinions of the first seven scholars.

In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), Li Xianfang (1511-1594) entered the Jinshi period and waited in Beijing. Li Xianfang's ancestral home was Jianli (now Hubei) and he was born in Zhou Pu (now Juancheng, Shandong), so he was considered a Shandong native. At this time, he attached to advocating elegance, including Yin Shizhen (1522- 1582), Li Panlong (15 14- 1570) and Jin Xueyan (15/kloc). Most people in this Beijing poetry club are from Shandong, which can be called "Shandong poetry club". Shandong Poetry Society is just a gathering of friends from the same town. At that time, there was no completely consistent ambition and creative proposition in poetry. For example, Li Panlong claimed that "writing comes from the Western Han Dynasty and poetry comes from the Temple of Heaven. If it is polluted, it will be unbearable "(Yin Shizhen's epitaph, Li Panlong's" Cang Ming Ji "appendix). However, Li Xianfang's "on ancient poetry" is superior to those in Wei and Jin Dynasties, as well as twelve scholars, Li and Du, which is consistent with Li Panlong's poetics. But he also selected poems from the Song and Yuan Dynasties and printed them for others, which is quite different from Li Panlong (the fourth volume of Chen Tian's Chronicle of Poems in Ming Dynasty has been signed). As for Yin Shizhen, Jin Xueyan and others, they are either committed to official management or interested in Confucian classics, and poetry creation is just their hobby. On the other hand, Xie Zhen travels around the world, and his whereabouts are uncertain. He only participated in the activities of the poetry club occasionally, and did not play any big role in the poetry club.

Li Xianfang admired Wang Shizhen (1526- 1594) and introduced Wang Shizhen to Li Panlong. In the second year (1548), Wang Shizhen was appointed as the director of Guangdong Department of the Ministry of Justice, and Wu and others invited him to join the Poetry Society of the Ministry of Justice (Volume 16 of Cang Ming Ji, Posture). In March of this year, Li Xianfang was appointed as the magistrate of Xinyu (now Xinyu, Jiangxi) and left Beijing, and the Shandong Poetry Society disintegrated. Before he left, Li Xianfang introduced Li Panlong to join the Poetry Society of the Ministry of Punishment. Soon, he went to Beijing as Shandong's deputy ambassador, and Wang also served as an ambassador abroad. Several elders of the Poetry Society of the Ministry of Punishment left the Poetry Society one after another. Therefore, in the Poetry Society of the Ministry of Punishment, Li Panlong was able to advocate retro together with Wang Shizhen, arguing that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty" (Preface to Mr., Volume 51, Continued Draft of M Country). Of course, at this time, their poetic concepts are still quite general and abstract, lacking clear theoretical ideas and profound theoretical explanations.

In the twenty-eighth year of Jiajing (1549), there were only a few people left in the Poetry Society of the Ministry of Punishment, Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen, and it was no longer possible. This autumn, Xie Zhen visited the capital. He is a world-famous poet. In order to rely on his reputation, Li Panlong immediately invited him to the party of the Poetry Society of the Ministry of Punishment. The poet said volume three records:

On the Mid-Autumn Night in the 28th year of Jiajing, Li Zhenglang's son Zhu Yan accompanied Li Yulian (Li Panlong), Wang Yuanmei (Wang Shizhen) and Yu Yue. Because it is inappropriate to talk about poetry without avoiding ignorance. Squeeze your fingers into your hands so that they can't talk. The more I feel flying, the more I feel I can't stop, and the moon is going west again. Walking backwards, he said, "Why is Zi so careless?" Yu said, "It is more important to say nothing." He said, "Why?" Yue: "It seems that one person is missing." The balance is silent.

At this time, people in the poetry club admired Xie Zhen. Xie Zhen's personality, talent and friends, especially Xie Zhen's poetic insight, are praised and admired by people in the society. Li Panlong has a poem "Xie Zaochun gave a imprison son", including the poem "Get sick in the morning, talk about it between heaven and earth", which describes the high spirit, wide requirements and vivid image. Wang Shizhen has a poem "Xie Shengge sends the old man on Tanabata", which is a poem to send him away from Beijing. It says: "Xie Chang is on the river, and the strange pen breaks thousands of volumes. The sun and the moon roam freely, and Gan Kun dies. In the 800 th year of Kaiyuan, Shaoling princes settled in! Although Shuangjing has paid a price for his own strength, his bones have sunk to the bottom of the sea. " The feeling of getting rid of Xie Zhen is beyond words.

In the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Li Panlong recruited new scholars under the banner of Zhangda Poetry Society, including Xu Zhongxing (15 17- 1578) and Liang Youyu (1510). This actually changed the face of the poetry club of the Ministry of Justice and became a new poetry club. So there was the so-called "five sons". "Wuzi" is actually "Liuzi". Qian said, "These five sons are from Jinan, Wang Shizhen from Wu Jun, Xu Zhongxing from Changxing, Zongchen from Guangling and Liang Youyu from Nanhai. They are five sons and six sons. " The theory of "six sons" began in the spring of the thirty-first year of Jiajing (1552). According to Xie Zhen's Book of Poetry, in the spring of the thirty-first year of Jiajing, Renzi visited the capital. One day, compared with Li Yuling, Wang Yuanmei, Xu Zi and Liang Gongshi, Li Huashi was ordered by the department to draw six paintings. He sat in the bamboo forest and looked beautiful. All the paintings were beautiful. Look up Volume 4 of Zong Xiangzi Collection, Five Poems and Volume 1 of Lanting Save Draft, which are original works in the spring of Jiajing thirty-one years, without any changes. They are all leaders, followed by Li, Xu, Liang (or Zong) and Wang. About five people join the poetry club, which is called "Wu Zi" and six people are called "Liu Zi". The order of the five poems is obviously chronological. At the beginning of hundred schools of thought's contact, everyone was modest and able to "answer blows with blows". Xie Zhen happens to be the oldest. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), Wu (1525- 1593) joined the poetry society, hence the name "Qizi", which was called "Qizi Society" in history.

Because Xie Zhen has a long-standing reputation in the field of poetry and has a complete set of poetic theory, his poetic theory and criticism have played a guiding role, even a guiding role. Li Panlong said in the poem "Send Mao Qin": "On poetry is the most valuable." (Cang Ming Ji, Volume 6) This point has been affirmed by later literary historians. For example, Qian said, "The essence of poetry is actually made." Zhu Yizun added: "At the beginning of the Seventh National Congress, Li and Wang were unnamed, which was called poetry anthology, and most of them were based on four styles." ("Jing Zhi Ju Shi Hua" Volume XIII) This situation is detailed in Xie Zhen's "Poet's Straight Talk" Volume III:

When visiting Beijing, (Wang Shizhen), (Xu Zhonghang), (Liang Youyu) and Zong Chen all called on Yu to write poems. One day, because of the discussion on the combination of Li and Du, which of the twelve poems in the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty can be designed for, or (Gazhong, Song Dynasty), or with Du, or (Wei) and Meng (Haoran). Yu was silent for a while and said, "Look at the practices of the fourteen schools. Salt can be the law. Those masterpieces selected as their own collections are recorded as a poem, in order to capture the air, to sing the tune, to ponder the essence, and to be familiar with it. If you master these three essentials, you will be confused, and there is no need to carve immortals and paint Shaoling. Everything is my own, and I have always been single-minded. It is easy to argue and clear, and it is clear to remove the turbidity, so that Li and Li can get up again and can be taught. " The gentlemen laughed it off. In the evening, Li Meng and Duke Du went to court and said to Yu Yue, "I'm crazy to say that. If you can get in and out of fourteen, and people don't know where to live, then you will add another one to the fourteen. The child is jealous. "

This passage embodies Xie Zhen's poetic thoughts and steps of learning Tang Dynasty in a concentrated, comprehensive and concrete way, which is practical and easy to imitate. Xie Zhen's poetic theory has an indelible "infection" effect on Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen, and it is also timeless. This can be clearly seen from the later theoretical propositions and creative practice of other six sons.

Soon, Xie Zhen left the capital and wandered around. He is a wandering mountaineer and won't stay in one place for long. At this time, Li Panlong, the eldest of the six sons, became the founder of the poetry club. Wang Shizhen's Biography of Mr. Li Yulian records: "His brothers and sisters, Xu Zhonghang, Liang Youyu and Wu Sheren, are worthy of the world and have made contributions to the country." For the society, there is a tribute from time to time, and everyone is complacent. Finally, everyone lost themselves. "("Mibang Four Manuscripts "Volume 83)

In the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), for some unknown reason, Li Panlong and Xie Zhen had fallen out. The following year (1554), I broke up with him (Volume 25 of Cang Ming Ji, thanks for the play). Wang Shizhen and others all sided with Li Panlong, slandered Xie Zhen, and finally even removed him from the "Seventh Congress". For example, in his masterpiece On Art, Wang Shizhen said that Xie's poems were "ugly, vulgar, childish and difficult to understand", but insisted on "calling himself Xu" and scolded him for "why don't you drown yourself and have a look", which is the swear word in the common saying: why don't you take a look at your face? Xie Zhen's poem "Du Men" said: "Why don't gentlemen make friends and give up halfway?" That's how I feel about this. In Xie Zhen's view, the reason for the bad relationship between the two sides is that they have frankly criticized the poems of various schools, but the schools refused to accept them, and they could not accept them. In fact, this is mainly because Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen are becoming more and more popular, and several of them are scholars. How can we tolerate a civilian, Xie Zhen, becoming the leader of the poetry club? Xu said that he once wrote Snow on the 28th, which was unfair: I was surprised to see you yesterday, but the ancients would rather break up. Zhen and are friends. Why do they show mutual scolding in his poems? I know that Zhu Jiahua is a child and fish and cloth have no scruples. Even if this generation cares about Xie Zhen, does Xie Zhen dare to scold this generation? Looking back at the world, I don't feel cold without drinking. "Later, philosophers and Xie Zhen still have contacts, and always mentioned him, and the two sides did not completely break up.