What is the problem of farmland abandonment? How to solve it effectively?

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, farmers have gone out to work, and the phenomenon of abandoned farmland has become increasingly serious, which may lead to food security has always been a hot issue of public concern. The sudden epidemic occurred in the critical period of spring ploughing and preparation for ploughing, and governments at all levels put grain production in the most important strategic position as never before, and implemented the farmland area as the strictest target assessment responsibility system.

According to media reports, taking Fuzhou as an example, the city has introduced "hard-core" measures to stop farmland abandonment: farmland abandonment needs to recover the contracting right or management right according to laws and regulations, and continuous abandonment will be recorded in bad credit. Undoubtedly, the problem of farmland abandonment is a prominent problem that must be dealt with in agricultural development, but its causes are complex and cannot be simplified from a single angle. It needs to be examined and judged in the historical development process of China's modernization in order to respond to the requirements of the times when the main social contradictions have changed.

First, the contradiction between man and land is prominent, which is the core problem of worrying about the abandonment of cultivated land.

China's per capita arable land resources are far below the world average. The per capita arable land of 654.38+0.4 billion people is only one fortieth of that of the EU with a population of over 500 million and one quarter of that of the United States with a population of over 300 million. Therefore, "three points per acre" makes cultivated land the scarcest living resource in China. However, on the one hand, the area of cultivated land is decreasing.

According to the data published by the National Bureau of Statistics, from 1996 to 10 in 2006, the cultivated land decreased by 654.38+24 million mu, equivalent to the cultivated land area in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The question is, are these publicly released cultivated land data credible? For example, a province in central China reported more than 38 million mu of cultivated land in 200 1 year, but in 2007 it reported more than 57 million mu. In fact, in 2006, there were 7.65 million mu of cultivated land in the province, and with the increase of roads, railways and urban construction land, the cultivated land area was greatly reduced, but the number of reports increased.

Whether abroad or at home, the protection of agricultural land is extremely strict. Although countries with privatized land can buy and sell freely, it is forbidden to change the nature of agricultural land, otherwise they will bear legal responsibility. However, there are many problems in farmland protection in China. For example, land planning is adjusted with the adjustment of local leaders, and another local leader changes a development zone to change the nature of cultivated land by increasing or decreasing the linkage and balancing occupation and compensation. A fertile land will be replaced by an inferior cultivated land or even wasteland, and the dividend of cultivated land conversion will become the fiscal revenue and the accumulation of industrialization and urbanization in some places.

Especially in the context of the national economic downturn and the COVID-19 epidemic, local governments may increase their efforts to realize the unlimited expansion of urban construction land through the balance of occupation and compensation and the linkage of increase and decrease, which is the most worrying practical problem of cultivated land protection and directly endangers the feeding problem of more than one billion people.

The central government requires the strictest farmland protection and the strictest land-saving policy, and clearly puts forward the red line of 65.438+0.8 billion mu of cultivated land to safeguard the food security of a populous country. According to the top-level design of the 19th National Congress, comprehensive modernization will be achieved in 2050, which means that China is a country that has not yet achieved comprehensive modernization. Before industrialization and urbanization are finally completed, the whole agriculture, rural areas and farmers still need to accumulate inward, rural resources will still be further concentrated in industry and cities, and the trend of arable land reduction will be irreversible. It is predicted that by 2020, China's arable land gap will reach more than 654.38 billion mu.

On the other hand, the momentum of agricultural land abandonment has intensified. Some are "seasonal abandonment", that is, changing the original double-season rice into single-season rice, thus reducing the grain output in the same area. Some are "non-grain waste", that is, based on comparative benefits, agricultural land is replanted with non-grain cash crops such as sugarcane, flue-cured tobacco and flowers. Some of them are "absolutely abandoned", mainly in mountainous and hilly areas in the south. Because the per capita arable land is mostly a few cents, it is difficult to maintain the basic survival of farmers, and large areas of abandoned arable land can be seen everywhere all year round. It is true that many countries, such as the United States, also implement large-scale rotation fallow system. In China, where the contradiction between man and land is very prominent, if there are too many abandoned arable land, how to support yourself is a problem that we have to consider and worry about.