How to protect the environment and prevent soil erosion

(1) Strengthen the construction of gully control and slope control project, and take reasonable measures such as appropriate forest, appropriate tillage and comprehensive management.

1. Improve the terrain and environment. On the slope suitable for forest above 15 degree, we must resolutely return farmland to forest and build a soil and water conservation project combining fencing, storage, diversion and drainage on the slope. Through the construction of intercepting ditch and slope water storage project (horizontal ditch, water cellar and water tank), the comprehensive functions of water storage, soil conservation, sand retention, slow flow, flood discharge and drought resistance are formed. Starting with slowing down the speed of surface runoff, increasing the water absorption and storage capacity of soil, weakening the intensity of surface runoff scouring and carrying topsoil, and then achieving the purpose of conserving water and protecting soil.

2. Encourage a large number of afforestation and grass planting, and increase the ground vegetation coverage. According to the needs of economic development, the planting area of water conservation forest and economic forest can be expanded. Build horizontal ditches, water cellars and water tanks according to local conditions, integrating interception, accumulation and storage of precipitation. By changing the topography, reducing the erosion suffered by the surface, improving the ability of soil to absorb and nourish water, the purpose of preventing and controlling soil erosion can be achieved, thus improving the survival rate of afforestation and increasing people's economic income.

Changing vegetation by planting trees and grass can not only intercept precipitation, prevent rainwater from directly washing the topsoil on the slope, reduce surface runoff, but also effectively prevent the surface from being washed by water. Moreover, the better the vegetation and the wider the area, the more precipitation is intercepted, and the greater the role of buffering and dispersing surface runoff. On the contrary, the vegetation is scarce or no vegetation, and the soil will cause serious soil erosion under the action of hydraulic wind, eventually forming rocky desertification. Therefore, returning farmland to forests, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and planting grass and raising livestock are always good ways to control soil erosion.

3. Build water conservation projects, harness ditches, plant trees and grass according to local conditions, and implement three-dimensional prevention and control. Building terraced dams, from gully head to gully mouth, from upstream to downstream, from branch gully to flat gully, can control rainfall and sediment one after another, so as to prevent gully head from extending and gully bank from undercutting, and achieve the purpose of controlling gully erosion development. As the saying goes, "plant grass at the top of the mountain, build terraces halfway up the mountain, and wear boots." This can effectively control soil erosion and improve the ecological environment.

(2) Administrative measures

1. Strengthen the leadership of soil and water conservation. Put soil and water conservation on the important agenda of governments at all levels, sign the responsibility form of target management step by step, establish the accountability system of soil and water conservation, and raise the awareness of the whole people on the harm of soil and water loss and the importance of soil and water conservation. Through the development of national soil and water conservation work, soil erosion can be controlled and avoided, and limited land resources can be effectively protected and rationally developed and utilized.

2. Extensively carry out publicity and education on laws and regulations of soil and water conservation to raise people's awareness of the importance of soil and water conservation.

It is necessary to use newspapers, radio, television, slogans, blackboard newspapers and other forms to carry out colorful publicity and education activities, vigorously publicize laws and regulations on soil and water conservation, and publicize the harm of soil erosion and soil and water conservation. This is a moral and political project that benefits the country and the people. Publicize the prevention and control technology of soil erosion and popularize the basic knowledge of soil and water conservation. Through all-round and multi-level publicity, the broad masses of cadres and people will fully understand the importance of soil and water conservation prevention and control work and the harm of soil erosion, mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in soil erosion control, and strive to carry out soil and water conservation work. Ensure the sustainable development of economy and society with the sustainable development and utilization of water and soil resources.

3. Formulate management and protection system and strengthen supervision and protection. Overcome the defects that the ecological environment construction of soil and water conservation can not meet the requirements of market economy development in terms of mechanism, policy, management and science and technology, pay close attention to formulating effective management and protection systems, strengthen supervision and protection, and increase capital investment. The county implements comprehensive management of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and establishes an examination and approval system for soil and water conservation reports. Units developing and constructing in soil and water conservation areas must first formulate feasible soil and water conservation measures and report them to the professional and technical departments for review. If the audit is unqualified, it will not be approved.

4. Set up a law enforcement team for soil and water conservation, equip with soil and water conservation supervisors, increase soil and water conservation mana, and severely crack down on acts that damage soil and water conservation, so as to strictly enforce the law and minimize soil erosion. (Author: Luo Shangwen, deputy stationmaster of Longzhou Center Hydrological Station; Luo Yingtao, now working at Ningming Hydrological Station)