What major political measures did Shang Yang take to "make the country illegal"?

2. Political measures The focus of Shang Yang's political reform is to completely abolish the old system of "Qing Shi Lu", establish a new feudal autocratic centralization of authority, and implement the county system. His contribution in this respect far exceeds that of Li Kui and Wuqi. The main contents are as follows: 1) Encourage soldiers and implement the honor system for soldiers. Shang Yang ordered that "anyone who has military achievements should be honored according to the rate and punished according to the severity" to reward military achievements and prohibit private fighting. It is stipulated that the title is awarded according to military service, and the imperial clan may not enter the public book unless there is military service. That is, "those who make meritorious deeds show honor, and those who do not make meritorious deeds are rich but not glorious." In other words, aristocratic children who have made contributions can enjoy prosperity; No credit, although the family has money, you can't be extravagant. The establishment of the military title system means that Shang Yang completely abolished the old system of Qing Shi Lu, and in the future, he will be awarded titles according to the size of military service, and officials will be selected from those who have military titles. After several years' development, the system of military service knighthood has developed into the famous system of 20 knighthood: one is a scholar, the other is a superior, the nineteenth is a Shanhaiguan, and the twentieth is a Chehou. According to "Hanshu" records: "For the sake of the law in Qin, I was given a first-class title and wanted to be an official for fifty stones." It also explains the reward method: beheading the enemy's head in the war and conferring a knight, which can be a 50-stone official; Cut off the enemy's head and give him a knighthood, which can be a hundred stone official. Titles at all levels stipulate the number of houses and handmaiden occupying farmland and the order of clothes. The so-called private struggle does not mean ordinary people fighting, but refers to "city fighting." "Yi" refers to an ordinary town occupied by slave owners. Slave owners often fought for land and property. The purpose of the new law is to weaken the power of slave owners and strengthen feudal centralization. The way to severely punish private fighting is: those who fight privately will be punished according to the seriousness of the case. Because of the praise of the meritorious military service, Qin Jun's combat effectiveness has been greatly enhanced. In foreign wars, Qin's national strength was further enhanced, thus reversing the long-term passive backwardness. In 355 BC, Qin Xiaogong and Wei Huiwang joined forces in Du Ping, ending the passive situation of long-term nonalignment between Qin State and Central Plains governors and improving the status of Qin State. Qin also gradually occupied Bashu area with fertile land and high agricultural development level and northwest area rich in cattle and horses by force, and social production developed rapidly, laying a material foundation for Qin's reunification. 2) In addition to Shi Qingshilu's system, imperial clan nobles were encouraged to establish a military service system. According to Records of the Historical Records, the State of Qin stipulated that "the imperial clan should have the theory of military service, and it should not belong to it. In the Ming Dynasty, the official rank and rank were different, the name of Tian Zhai was different, and the clothes of male and female servants were also different. Those who make meritorious deeds show their glory, and those who have no merit are rich. " That is, the level of aristocratic status is determined by the size of military service. This rule dealt a heavy blow to the old nobles of slave owners, and thus aroused their disgust. "Historical Records" records: "Shang Jun entered Qin for ten years, and the imperial clan was rich and resentful." Any political reform in history is not only a re-selection of the general plan of governing the country, but also a re-adjustment of interest relations, which is also the real reason for the obstruction of reform. 3) Reform the household registration system and implement the deskmate method. The capital, towns, cities and gathering places of Qin are all natural settlements. In order to strengthen the feudal autocratic rule and manage the vast number of residents, Shang Yang stipulated that residents should register their household registration. Use heavy penalties for misdemeanors. Li Kui's "Law Classic" was promulgated and implemented, which increased the method of sitting together. The main contents are: residents take five as "five", ten as "ten" and ten and five as basic administrative units. According to the preparation, registration and household registration, and ordered mutual supervision. If one family is guilty, nine families will report it. If they don't report it, ten families will sit together for the same crime. Those who don't report traitors will be beheaded, those who report "traitors" will be rewarded to cut off the enemy, and those who hide traitors will be punished to surrender the enemy. This is the same as the later Baojia system. Shang Yang also stipulated that hotels should not take in people without official documents, otherwise the owners would have to sit together. 4) The major political reform of the county system of Shangyang is to "set small cities as counties", take counties as local administrative units, abolish the feudal system and "separate 31 counties" (some historical books think it is 465, 438+0 or 36 counties). County magistrate is in charge of county administration, county magistrate assists county magistrate, and county commandant is in charge of military affairs. The county has jurisdiction over several cities, townships, cities and towns. By setting up a county, Shang Yang brought the political privilege of the Lord to the central government. This measure effectively cooperated with the policy of "abandoning mines for construction" and ensured the private ownership of land by political means. It consolidated the centralized feudal rule and weakened the local power of the rich and nobles. Later, Qin established a county in the newly occupied area. The scope of the county is very large, with the nature of border defense, so the chief of the county is called the county guard. Later, the situation in the county was stable and turned into civil affairs, so there were several counties under the county, forming the county system of Qin State. 5) Make Qin Fa, and "burn poetry to make Fa Ming". This measure of Shang Yang is to eliminate the interference of retro ideas. The high-pressure policy of "burning poems" initiated by Shang Yang not only greatly suppressed people's thoughts, but also destroyed China's cultural classics.