There is a kind of fruit called "thorn melon" in Sichuan dialect, which is very sweet and delicious. Its diameter is only about 3-4 cm. What is its scientific name?

Water chestnut pinyin: bí qí scientific name: Water chestnut English name: chufa family: a perennial shallow-water herb of the genus Water chestnut in Cyperaceae, which uses bulbs as vegetables. In ancient times, it was called Fumi (Fumi), commonly known as horseshoe, also known as chestnut, named after its shape like horseshoe and chestnut. Calling it a horseshoe only refers to its appearance; It is like chestnut, not only in shape, but also in taste, composition and function, and it is called chestnut because it bears fruit in mud. The skin of water chestnut is purple-black, the meat is white, the taste is sweet and juicy, crisp and delicious. It has the reputation of underground Sydney since ancient times, and northerners regard it as Jiangnan ginseng. Water chestnut is both a fruit and a vegetable, and it is a popular seasonal product. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica describes its plant characters and cultivation methods in detail. China is widely planted in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. Guilin in Guangxi, Yuhang in Zhejiang, Gaoyou in Jiangsu and Fuzhou in Fujian are famous producing areas. Reproduction with bulbs. After germination, a short stem is formed, and the green leaflike stem with terminal buds and lateral buds pumping upwards is slender and upright, like a tube. The leaves degenerated into membranous pieces, which adhered to the base of the leaflike stem and the upper part of the bulb. The green leaflike stems carry out photosynthesis. The stolon is extracted from the shortened stem of the mother plant, and the top expands into a new bulb. Spike, spiral floret. Nutlets are leathery and difficult to germinate. Seeds germinated at 65438 05℃, tillered at 25℃, plants grew vigorously at 30℃, and bulbs formed when the temperature dropped below 20℃. Generally, in early spring, seeds with well-developed terminal buds and lateral buds are selected to raise seedlings in outdoor seedbeds, and they are often kept moist. It takes about 15 ~ 20 days to plant seedlings in the field. The plant spacing is generally 30 cm× 60 cm, and about 3000 holes are planted per mu. Maintain a certain water layer and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer during tillering and rameting. Topdressing phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer before bulb formation has a significant effect on increasing yield and improving quality. The main pests and diseases are Fusarium wilt, stem borer and so on. Water chestnut bulbs contain about 2 1% carbohydrates and 1.5% carbohydrates from protein, which can be eaten raw or cooked. It can also be processed into canned food or used as raw material for extracting starch. Chinese medicine believes that it has the functions of quenching thirst, promoting digestion and relieving fever. Efficacy: Water chestnut contains the highest phosphorus among root vegetables, which can promote human growth and maintain physiological functions, and is of great benefit to the development of teeth and bones. At the same time, it can promote the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein in the body and adjust the acid-base balance. Therefore, water chestnut is suitable for children to eat. In the study of water chestnut in Britain, an impatient antibacterial ingredient-water chestnut was found. This substance has a certain inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also has a certain effect on lowering blood pressure. This substance also has preventive and therapeutic effects on lung cancer, esophageal cancer and breast cancer. Water chestnut also has the function of preventing acute infectious diseases. In the spring when measles and meningitis are more likely to occur, water chestnut is a good food for disease prevention. Water chestnut is a kind of cold food, which has a good effect of clearing away heat and purging fire. It can not only clear away heat and promote fluid production, but also supplement nutrition, which is most suitable for patients with fever. It has the effects of cooling blood and detoxicating, inducing diuresis to relieve constipation, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, promoting digestion and relieving flatulence. Suitable for people: it is a popular food. Children and patients with fever are best to eat. Application: about 10 block each time. Water chestnut should not be eaten raw, because it grows in mud, and there may be more bacteria and parasites attached to the skin and inside, so it must be washed and cooked before eating, and the cooked water chestnut is sweeter. Water chestnut is a cold food, which is not suitable for people with cold spleen and kidney and blood stasis. The alias water chestnut, black taro, chestnut, pear, water chestnut and water chestnut [Hangzhou, Zhejiang] are water chestnut plants of Cyperaceae. Plantain. ], used as medicine together with bulbs and aerial parts. Cut off the aboveground parts in late autumn and dry them; Light bulbs can be used fresh. Sexual taste and meridian tropism bulb: sweet and flat. All the grass on the ground: bitter and flat. Indications: clearing away heat and quenching thirst, promoting diuresis and resolving phlegm, and lowering blood pressure. Can be used for treating fever, body fluid injury, polydipsia, pharyngalgia, stomatitis, damp-heat jaundice, hypertension, dysuria, measles, cough due to lung heat, silicosis and hemorrhoid bleeding. All the grass on the ground: clearing heat and diuresis. Used for burping and urinating. Usage and dosage: 2 ~ 4 bulbs; Or the right amount of juice. The grass on the ground is 0.5 ~ 1 Several cooking methods of water chestnut are crisp, sweet and juicy. It has been a popular seasonal fruit in winter and spring since ancient times, with a big purple-black shiny and undamaged top grade. Dietetic herbs: "water chestnut, the next Stan, expelling wind and detoxifying, except for excess heat in the chest. Can be used as powdered food. Clear eyes and ears, quench thirst and turn yellow. If you have air conditioning first, you can't eat it, which will make people feel bloated and full of gas. When a child eats in autumn, it will hurt under the navel. " Compendium of Materia Medica: "Cure thirst and arthralgia-heat, warm the middle energizer, replenish qi, reduce Dan, dispel wind and detoxify. Except for the real heat in my chest. " Doctor's Mirror of Roche Club: "Eleocharis tuberosa can benefit qi, harmonize middle energizer, stimulate appetite, promote digestion, clear away heat and promote fluid production, stop dysentery and thirst, treat jaundice, treat blood and destroy copper." Wonton soup ingredients: * minced meat 4 2 * minced water chestnut 2 tablespoons * chopped green onion 2 tablespoons * egg white 1/2 * shredded eggs, minced celery and crispy red onion each 1 tablespoon * 7 cups of broth * wonton skin1/2kg seasoning: * salt 6544. 8 teaspoons marinade: * wine 1 teaspoon recipe: 1. Add marinade, chopped water chestnut, chopped green onion and egg white, chop the meat and mix well, which is the filling. 2. Fill each wonton bag with stuffing for later use. 3. After the broth is boiled, add white beard powder and salt to taste and put it into the soup bowl. 4. Cook the wonton, scoop it into the soup bowl, then add celery, shredded egg and crispy red onion, and drizzle with sesame oil. Kung Pao Su Ding material: 6 water chestnuts, carrots 1 2, 6 mushrooms, small potatoes 1 piece, 2 spoons of canned jade, soybean and peanut1spoon, 50 grams of auricularia auricula, etc. Seasoning: Material A: Shaoxing wine, tomato sauce and red pepper sauce each 1 tbsp, bean paste, salt, sugar and sesame oil each 1 tbsp, and vegetarian soup 2 tbsp. Processing method: 1, peeled and diced water chestnut; Peel carrots and potatoes, dice them, blanch them in boiling water, take them out and take a shower; Wash edamame and Lentinus edodes separately, blanch in boiling water, take out and dice; Soak auricularia auricula until soft, wash and cut into small pieces, peel garlic and cut into powder. 2. After the dry pot is hot, add peanuts and stir fry, and set aside. 3. Heat 2 tablespoons of oil in the pot, saute minced garlic, add ingredients (except edamame and peanuts) and stir fry, and add material A to stir fry. Finally, add edamame and mix well. Serve and sprinkle with fried peanuts. In addition to vitamin C, water chestnut has a very high starch content, which can be used to make horseshoe powder, and contains a lot of crude fiber, which can prevent constipation, and also has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, lowering blood pressure and diuresis. Tasty tip: This dish tastes very refreshing. You can buy cool vegetables such as carrots, corn kernels and edamame. When you buy it, you can quickly blanch it with boiling water and then drain it. Very convenient. 50 grams of jellyfish skin, horseshoe soup 100 grams. Wash the jellyfish skin, peel and slice the water chestnut and cook the soup. Usage Eat jellyfish skin, water chestnut and soup twice a day. The effects of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, nourishing yin and moistening lung. It is suitable for hypertensive patients with yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. Angelica water chestnut and coix seed porridge [raw materials] Angelica 15g, water chestnut 30g and coix seed 100g. [Production method] Slice Angelica sinensis, cook in a pot for 30 minutes, remove residues, add water chestnut and coix seed to cook porridge, and add honey to eat after taking out the pot. 【 Function 】 Clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, invigorating spleen and promoting diuresis. Suitable for sore throat, phlegm-heat cough, upset and thirsty. Angelica polysaccharide contained in Angelica sinensis can obviously enhance human immunity and prevent cancer. Raw materials of diced Chili chicken: tender chicken 1 50g, dried starch 6g, pickled pepper 6g, soy sauce, white sugar, refined salt, chrysanthemum, ginger, wet starch, yellow wine, balsamic vinegar, monosodium glutamate,1egg and water chestnut. Practice: ① Dice chicken, add egg white, dry starch and refined salt, mix well, put diced water chestnut and ingredients into a hot oil frying pan, drain the oil after 10 second, and add pickled pepper, onion and ginger to fry until cooked; (2) Mix sugar, yellow wine, soy sauce, wet starch and vinegar, and pour into the pot and stir-fry for a few times. Dragon and phoenix ruyi roll (auspicious ruyi) materials: eggs, shrimp sauce, water chestnuts, seaweed. Practice: first fry the egg liquid into egg skin, cut the water chestnut into powder and mix it into shrimp sauce. Spread shrimp sauce and seaweed on the egg skin in turn, roll it from both sides to the middle, wrap it with plastic wrap, steam it in an electric cooker, and slice it. Nutritionist: The filling of this dish is not fat, it is steamed. Therefore, compared with fish rolls and shrimp rolls sold outside, the oil content of water chestnut is 90g Tamarix leaves +05g (30g fresh leaves), which is a folk raw material of Tamarix soup. Usage: Take it twice a day. Efficacy: Warming the middle energizer, invigorating qi, expelling wind and detoxicating. It is suitable for measles. Raw materials of water chestnut lion head: peeled water chestnut 5 pieces, lean meat stuffing 300g, Chinese cabbage 50g, salt 5g, soy sauce 20g, sugar 1 g, egg 1 piece, raw flour, chopped green onion, Jiang Mo, monosodium glutamate and cooking wine. Methods: 1. Make water chestnut into rice grain size, mix it into meat stuffing, add salt, eggs, cooking wine, wet starch, monosodium glutamate and minced onion and ginger, and mix well to make four big meatballs. 2. After the wok is on fire, pour in the oil. When the oil is hot, add meatballs and fry until both sides look like Yellowstone. Cook the cooking wine, add the soy sauce, pour the sugar into the stock, simmer for 0/5 minutes with low fire, put the lion's head in a pot with a Chinese cabbage pad, and pour the marinade on the surface. Features: fresh and crisp, salty and sweet, red and green contrast. Several health functions of water chestnut: Water chestnut combined with jellyfish skin can clear away heat, reduce phlegm and lower blood pressure. In addition, water chestnut juice, together with fresh lotus root juice, pear juice, fresh reed root juice and Ophiopogon japonicus juice, is called "five-juice drink", which is used for promoting fluid production, eliminating heat and lowering blood pressure. Treatment of esophageal cancer: 10 water chestnut, steamed with skin, taken daily. Treatment of sore throat: Take water chestnut juice and take it cold, each time125g. Prevention of influenza: 250g of fresh water chestnut and sugarcane 1 are cut into pieces, boiled in a pot, and eaten when cooked. It has the effects of clearing away heat, diminishing inflammation, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, and is suitable for polydipsia and low fever in the later stage of fever, and can also prevent influenza. Promote defecation: 500 grams of water chestnut, cooked and mashed, added with salt, ginger and bean powder, squeezed into balls, fried and picked up. The raw powder is thickened into salt water and poured on the pills, which tastes fresh and smooth, can promote digestion and stimulate appetite, and is beneficial to relaxing bowels. /view/238 13.html？ tt