Introduction of equestrian knowledge in racecourse

Introduction of equestrian knowledge in racecourse

Equestrian sport, inherited from British classical equestrian, is the only horse-related sport belonging to the Olympic Games. Equestrian sports are mainly divided into "horseback riding" and "obstacle crossing". There is also a "three-day race" in the Olympic Games, which actually includes one day of riding, one day of obstacle crossing and one day of cross-country obstacle crossing.

Riding, also known as dressage, can be said to be the highest realm of riding art. In the whole riding process, the rider and the horse are completely integrated, showing their efforts and beauty, tension and rhythm, coordination and unrestrained. Whether it is a primary competition course or an advanced international competition, every movement is a test of the extreme performance of riders and horses. Every competition will make the audience only hear the sound of horses and breathe by themselves.

I. Introduction to Equestrian Racecourse

Equestrian competition in racecourse is that athletes ride horses on standard venues and make the actions and routes specified by the track according to the pre-specified track. Three or five judges on the sidelines scored according to the overall performance of athletes and horses, and the one with the highest score won. During the competition, each player takes turns to perform. There is only one competition, and the total score of several referees is the performance of the players.

1, location

The size of the standard equestrian venue is 60m X 20. Only in the most elementary competitions, sometimes a 40-meter ×20-meter court is used. There are many positions marked with English letters around the site, and there are also some positions on the center line of the site, but they are not marked.

Step 2 score

A racecourse has 10 to more than 20 equestrian events (please refer to the equestrian events in the racecourse), each event has a full score of 10, and some events have double scores. In addition, the four comprehensive scores, such as pace, forward momentum, obedience and rider's seat, are also ten points, but they are all double points, which add up to the total score of a course. Divide the rider's score by the total score of the course, which is a hundred percent score.

The referee first scores each event according to the performance of the rider according to the following principles.

10 Excellent.

Very good, very good

Very good very good

Pretty good. Pretty good.

6 Iman is satisfactory.

5 acceptable satisfaction

4 insufficient guarantee

It's a bit bad, very bad.

2 bad

1 Very bad.

0 is not executed. Not executed.

Although the referee's scoring is subjective, it also has its principles. Follow the eight elements of riding training: rhythm, softness, title, bounce and so on. If these basic requirements are met, the score is at least above average. If you can't even meet these basic requirements, your score will not be high. If you want to get a very high score, you must shrink and carry yourself. First, score each item according to these elements, and then see the correctness of the action. If the action is flawed, one or two points will be deducted, so that you can get the score of the item.

In addition, if you take a wrong turn or miss an event during the game, the referee will judge that the route is wrong and ring the bell to interrupt the game and ask for a new execution. Two points will be deducted for the first route error, four points will be deducted for the second route error, and the third route error will be eliminated.

Step 3 act

In the most elementary equestrian course, riders are only required to do some very simple actions, such as pressing waves, hitting waves, standing, moderate walking or long rein walking, or increasing training and running. In the advanced elementary course, it will be required to take a quick or moderate step, step back and take a big step.

The intermediate equestrian meeting in the racecourse will require shortening the trot, even oblique stride on the shoulders, moderate trot, stretching slow walk, fixing the hind legs for half turn, running in the opposite direction, simply changing feet or even changing feet quickly, moderate running and so on.

Advanced equestrian in the racecourse includes stretching trot, shortening slow walk, half-spinning on hind legs, shortening run, stretching run, sideways run, changing feet continuously in three or four steps, and even standing still.

In very advanced equestrian courses (above the Olympic Grand Prix), you can only see the previous step, such as fixed hind leg swing, running fixed hind leg swing (even two laps), two-step or one-step continuous rapid foot change and so on.

From the appearance of these movements in the equestrian grading courses of various racecourses, we can also see the difficulty of various movements.

Second, the equestrian field of the racecourse

When you are familiar with all the basic riding subjects, you can start to enter equestrian courses at the racecourse. In the horse riding introduced in this unit, the first few items are not too difficult, but the difficulty from oblique step to the last few items is getting higher and higher. If you can't do it well for a while, the only reason is that the first few items (rhythm, softness, title and bounce) of the "eight elements of riding training" have not been done well, and you may even ignore the basic riding. It is not only useless to continue practicing these advanced equestrian courses at this time, but also harmful to horses. No matter how powerful the martial arts moves are, they are also accumulated by internal strength.

1, fixed forelimb swing

When the horse walks slowly forward, the forelimbs are fixed in the same place, and with the rhythm of walking slowly, the hind limbs rotate 90 degrees or 180 degrees around the forelimbs. This kind of action is strict with the horse, so it can only be done when the horse walks slowly. In practice, horses are usually allowed to stand parallel to the railing, but not too close to the railing, leaving at least a hoof track distance for the horse's head to turn. Then let the horse's forelimbs stand still, the hind limbs move to the center of the field, and the horse's head moves to the railing at the same time until it turns in the other direction.

2. Stand in front of your shoulders, inside your shoulders and sideways.

Lateral crossing is an action that makes the longitudinal line of the horse oblique to the direction of travel, and the inner posture is opposite to the direction of travel. Because the front and rear hoof prints are not always on the same line, two hoof prints are formed, and the horse moves slowly or quickly. Usually, in practice, the horse's head can be tilted to the railing, the longitudinal line of the horse's body can be tilted along the hoof trace on the edge of the railing at an angle not exceeding 45 degrees, or the horse's head can be tilted to the center of the field in another direction. Before you start practicing side steps, you can start practicing from the front and inside of your shoulders.

In front of the shoulders, the horse's outer shoulders are slightly forward, the inner shoulders are slightly inward, and the horse's head is slightly inward. The horse's inner hind legs are stepped between the two forelimbs. The inside of the shoulder is larger than the front of the shoulder, and the inside shoulder is more inward. The inner hind leg of the horse steps on the hoof tracks of the outer front leg, forming three hoof tracks to advance.

Step 3: Back off.

To retreat is to let the horse walk backwards step by step. This action is carried out with a horse's two-beat action similar to a trot. The ways to help the horse back are similar to slow forward, fast forward and slow forward. Mainly rely on the rider's riding, legs and feet to advance, and the hand only constrains it, making it step forward and step back when preparing to move forward. It is a serious mistake to pull the horse's head back with the reins. Before being asked to retreat, the horse must be completely soft and able to move down (fast-slow-stop). If the horse still doesn't want to retreat after getting the right assistance, it means that the horse hasn't been named correctly.

4. Set the hind limbs to swing

That is, let the horse fix its hind legs as the center of the circle, and the front legs rotate 90 degrees, 180 degrees or 360 degrees around the hips, and the radius is equal to the horse's body length. This is a kind of contraction movement, which can only be implemented slowly at first. At the beginning of exercise, the horse's hind legs can walk in a small circle, then slowly contract, and finally stand with their hind legs fixed.

5, waist, waist, diagonal step

The diagonal step is to let the horse run along the diagonal direction of the field (obliquely changing to the chest direction). The longitudinal line of the horse is at a 45-degree angle with the horse's shoulder as the guide, and the horse's waist contracts inward with a brisk step or contraction action. To do the diagonal cross, you can start from practicing your waist.

At the waist, the horse usually walks along the railing, allowing the horse to move inward on the straight hoof track. Before that, you can also practice with a small diameter that gradually shrinks when you turn around. There is also an action outside the waist, that is, let the horse walk along the railing and do the action outside the waist on the straight hoof track opposite the waist.

6. Reverse operation

Anti-running is a moderate and balanced sport. When running, the horse deliberately takes the lateral forelimbs as the front guide to keep the neck naturally bent outward. For example, when a horse runs on the left, it usually takes the left front leg as the front lead, and when it comes back, it deliberately lets the horse take the right front leg as the front lead. Practicing reverse running usually begins with normal running, and then changing arms without changing feet leads to reverse running. If you don't deliberately run in the reverse direction, but accidentally take the wrong teaching as the front guide when you move forward, you should stop immediately and don't continue to run in the reverse direction.

7. Change your feet quickly

When changing the chest during running, the front legs are changed instantly in the air between one stride of running, that is, the feet are changed quickly. When running in a straight line (usually when changing arms obliquely), the continuous rapid foot change with a certain number of steps in the middle is called continuous rapid foot change. According to the number of steps between changing feet, it is also called one-step flying change, two-step flying change and three-step flying change.

8. Run your hind legs.

When running, fix the hind legs as the center of the circle and let the front legs rotate around the hips 180 degrees or 360 degrees, while maintaining the pace and rhythm of running. At the beginning of exercise, you can run a square circle, turn 90 degrees at four corners, or let your hind legs run a small circle of one to two meters.

9, marking time

This is a highly contracted exercise, which allows the horse to raise its feet rhythmically in its original position and make a solemn second trot.

10, goose step

This is a very short, improved and rhythmic trot. The horse must fly at a fast speed of two beats and have a long pause.

Three. Equestrian rules of Fei racecourse

In Fei's equestrian rules, in addition to detailing the relevant provisions of equestrian events, the first chapter also describes the requirements and standards of various equestrian movements in the racecourse, which is worthy of careful study by equestrian riders.

code of conduct

standards of behaviour

1. In all equestrian sports, the horse must be considered supreme.

In all equestrian sports, horses must be the most important consideration.

2. The health of horses should be higher than the requirements of breeders, trainers, riders, owners, dealers, organizers, sponsors or officials.

The health of horses should exceed the requirements of all people, including breeders, trainers, riders, horse owners, businessmen, organizers, organizers or officials.

3. All treatments and veterinary treatments must ensure the health and welfare of horses.

All nursing measures and veterinary treatment must ensure the health and welfare of horses.

4. The highest standards of nutrition, health, hygiene and safety should always be encouraged and maintained.

Encourage the use of the highest standards of nutrition, health, hygiene and safety, and always maintain this standard.

During transportation, sufficient conditions must be provided for ventilation, feeding, watering and maintaining a healthy environment.

Horses must be provided with adequate food, water, ventilation and a healthy environment during transportation.

6. Emphasis should be placed on increasing training and education in equestrian practice, and promoting scientific research on horse health.

Strengthen equestrian training and practical education to promote horse health research activities.

7. For the benefit of horses, the rider's health and ability are very important.

For the benefit of horses, we must also care about the health and ability of riders.

8. All riding and training methods must take into account that the horse is a living entity and cannot contain any technology that FIA considers to be abused.

All riding and training methods must take into account the fact that horses are living entities, and it is absolutely forbidden to use the techniques recognized by the International Horse Association as horse abuse.

9. The National Federation should establish sufficient control measures to make all people and institutions under its jurisdiction respect the welfare of horses.

Equestrian associations in various countries should implement appropriate controls so that all individuals and groups within their jurisdiction give priority to the welfare of horses.

10. Not only in national and international competitions, but also in training, we must abide by the national and international rules and regulations on horse health and welfare in equestrian sports. Competition rules and regulations should be constantly reviewed to ensure such benefits.

Not only in equestrian competitions, but also in training, we must abide by the provisions of national and international equestrian rules and regulations on horse health and welfare. We should constantly review the rules and regulations to ensure this kind of welfare.

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