Small knowledge of flood fighting and disaster relief

Although natural disasters are unstoppable, if we can take precautions and know some knowledge of self-help, we will also win precious time for our lives. The following are two "tips on flood control and disaster relief" prepared by the composition network for you.

Chapter 1: Tips for Flood Control and Disaster Relief Since the summer, floods have occurred in many places in China, and rivers and lakes are in a hurry. Now I will collect some tips for flood control for you.

In a short period of time, the continuous rainstorm in an area will cause the river to rise violently, overflow dams, flood farmland and villages, and destroy roads, bridges and houses. This is a flood disaster. How should we save ourselves when the flood comes?

1, threatened by flood, if there is enough time, it should be moved to hillside, highland and other places in an organized way according to the predetermined route; Ships, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. It should be used for water transfer as much as possible.

2. When the flood comes too fast to move, you should immediately climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees and high walls, do temporary hedging and wait for rescue. Don't swim alone.

3. In mountainous areas, it is easy to flash floods if the rainstorm continues. In this case, we should pay attention to avoid crossing the river and being washed away by mountain torrents, and also pay attention to preventing landslides, rolling stones and mudslides.

4. It is found that the high-voltage tower is toppled, and the wires are drooping or broken; Stay away from danger, don't touch or get close to it to prevent electric shock.

Chapter two: knowledge of flood control and disaster relief: under the action of river immersion, hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure, the embankment body or foundation cracks and collapses.

Bank collapse: refers to the phenomenon that the river bank and lake bank composed of earth and stone are washed away by water, and the earth and stone lose stability under the action of gravity, and collapse and collapse occur along the bank slope of the river bank and lake bank.

Piping: also called turning sand and boiling water. When the water level is high in flood season, when the water flows downstream from the river bank along the soil gap of the embankment foundation, it breaks through the cohesive soil cover and brings out the silt and fine sand below, resulting in water inrush and sand gushing. Most of them occur on the ground near the foot of the back river slope or in remote pits, ponds or depressions.

Seepage: Seepage refers to the waterway that runs through the dike body or dike foundation. The embankment soil is sandy, and its impact resistance is not strong, and the rapid expansion of loopholes can easily lead to breaches. After water leakage is found, the water inlet must be found as soon as possible and blocked quickly.

Landslide: Also known as off-slope, it is caused by water erosion, internal leakage or top ballast. After the landslide, the cross section of the dike becomes narrower and the seepage diameter of water becomes shorter, which will induce other dangers.

Decentralized immersion: also known as? Seepage? Diffuse infiltration? Commonly known as Sweating on the embankment? . After the flood washed the embankment, the topsoil was wet and soft, and there was water seepage or water accumulation near the back slope or toe of the embankment.

Pit: Also known as? Fall? Collapse? , refers to the flood season or rainstorm, the embankment soil is wet and soft after soaking, and the embankment body partially collapses.

Collapse: The flood washed the toe of the embankment, causing the embankment slope to collapse after instability.

Cracks: cracks in the dike body are often signs of other dangers, and transverse cracks and longitudinal cracks are more harmful.