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Chinese name banyan tree

English famous banyan tree

Alias banyan, mature tree and banyan beard.

morphological character

Chinese fir is an evergreen tree with a height of 20-25m and active roots. Leaves leathery, oval, ovoid or obovate, 4 4- 10/0cm long and 2-4cm wide. Inflorescence receptacle born singly or in pairs in leaf axils, oblate, 5- 10 mm in diameter, milky white, yellow or reddish when mature; Gall flowers and female flowers are born in the same receptacle.

Habitat distribution

Growing on the edge of a village or in a mountainous area. Distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province, southern Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou. India, Myanmar and Malaysia also have it.

use

Can be used as a street tree. Bark fiber can be used to make fishing nets and artificial cotton. Air root, bark and leaf bud are drugs for clearing away heat and relieving exterior syndrome.

Ficus, a plant of Ficus in Moraceae, whose leaves and air roots (Ficus fibrous) are used as medicine. It can be collected and dried all year round.

Traditional Chinese medicine characteristics

Sexual taste orientation

Leaves: slightly bitter, astringent and cool.

Qi root: slightly bitter, astringent and cool.

Functional indication

Leaves: clearing away heat, relieving exterior syndrome and eliminating dampness. Used for influenza, malaria, bronchitis, acute enteritis, bacillary dysentery and whooping cough.

Qi root: sweating, clearing heat and penetrating rash. Used for common cold, high fever, tonsillitis, rheumatic bone pain and traumatic injury.

dosage

Leaves 3 ~ 5 yuan, air root 0.5 ~ 1.

draw

National compilation of Chinese herbal medicines

Banyan-the largest tree in the world.

The scientific name of Ficus (Ficus), Moraceae, evergreen tree. Banyan trees can be divided into green trees, banyan pile bonsai and banyan melon (sweet potato banyan, ginseng banyan) bonsai according to their uses. Because of the well-developed roots of banyan, the roots often swell and protrude from the ground, and because of its unique shape, Zhangzhou people have a special liking for banyan. Using plant physiology to cultivate Ficus microcarpa scientifically can make the root system of Ficus microcarpa grow rapidly, control the growth height of its branches, and cultivate bonsai with different specifications, styles and shapes. It has a cultivation method combining natural carving with artistic processing. It promoted the ornamental value of banyan bonsai and became another unique flower in Zhangzhou after daffodils. From the smallest 50 grams of miniature banyan trees to 2000 grams of bonsai with different specifications. The ginseng banyan tree with natural shape, exposed roots, beautiful crown and unique charm is interesting and pleasing to the eye. Suitable for families, offices and public places. In recent years, it has been popular in Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions, and has been favored by consumers. Is the company's main export products, occupying a large share of the bonsai market, is a high-grade fashion flowers.

Ficus is the general name of Ficus in Moraceae. There are more than 800 species in the world, mainly distributed in tropical areas, especially in tropical rain forests. There are about 100 species of Ficus plants in China, including 67 species in Yunnan and 44 species in Xishuangbanna, accounting for 44.9% of the total number of known Ficus plants in China and 5.5% of the total number of Ficus plants in the world.

Ficus is one of the largest woody tree species in tropical flora, which has many important characteristics of tropical rain forest, such as plate root, column root, strangulation and old stem fruit. Among the 44 species of banyan trees growing in Xishuangbanna, 17 species have big roots, and 26 species can form various aerial roots or column roots. Strangulation is a special phenomenon of banyan trees in tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia. Solitary forest is a special landscape of tropical rain forest, which is formed by the thick columns of some banyan trees transformed into independent trees after a long period of strangulation.

Ficus is an important source of wild food; Ficus trees used as vegetables in Xishuangbanna mainly include Ficus carica, Ficus pumila, Sanguisorba officinalis, Ficus altissima, Ficus polycarpa, Ficus pendula, Ficus xanthophylla and so on. Woody wild vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, cellulose and picroside, which are helpful for human digestion. Dai people generally believe that eating tender branches and leaves of woody plants can make people healthy and live longer, and can also keep girls light. It is also an important national medicinal plant. Among banyan trees, 9 species are commonly used to treat many diseases, including roots, bark, leaves and pulp.

Among Ficus, 17 species are large trees with plate roots, 26 species are aerial roots or column roots, 8 species have the phenomenon of old stems bearing flowers, and 24 species are epiphytes at seedling stage. Among them, 2 1 species grows into trees or bridge trees by strangling plants, thus forming a single tree forest. These special ecological phenomena constitute the garden landscape. Many banyan trees, with spreading crown and dense shade, have always been traditional garden plants, such as Ficus microcarpa, Bodhi, Ficus pendula and Ficus microcarpa. Some Ficus plants have become important ornamental trees in gardens, and cultivated horticultural varieties with different leaf colors and shapes. There are more than ten horticultural varieties of Ficus pendula and Ficus microcarpa.

Many species of banyan trees include roots, flowering on old stems, hanging gardens and strangulation. The landscape is strange and magnificent, reflecting the important characteristics of tropical rain forests. Moreover, some species are regarded as gods (dragons) trees and Buddha trees by local ethnic groups, forming a unique national banyan culture. The park covers an area of about 15 mu and has collected nearly 103 species of Ficus plants. The landscape and rich scientific connotation of Ficus altissima, Ficus pendula, Ficus obtusifolia and Ficus papaya in the park make the park an ecological park close to the appearance of natural forest, giving people a strange and beautiful enjoyment.

Banyan grows in the tropical rain forest area with high temperature and rainy weather, where the climate is humid and the rain is abundant.

Banyan (also known as Toona tenuifolia and Banyan)

Morphological characteristics: Toona sinensis is an evergreen tree with a height of 20-25m and active roots. Leaves leathery, oval, ovoid or obovate, 4 4- 10/0cm long and 2-4cm wide. Inflorescence receptacle born singly or in pairs in leaf axils, oblate, 5- 10 mm in diameter, milky white, yellow or reddish when mature; Gall flowers and female flowers are born in the same receptacle.

Distribution: It grows on the edge of villages or in forests. Distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province, southern Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou. India, Myanmar and West Malaysia also have it.

Uses: It can be used as a street tree. Bark fiber can be used to make fishing nets and artificial cotton. Air root, bark and leaf bud are drugs for clearing away heat and relieving exterior syndrome.

The Tree with the Largest Crown-Banyan Tree

As the saying goes, a tree cannot be a forest. However, only banyan trees in nature can be "unique and become a forest". Ficus is a large evergreen tree of Moraceae, which is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Its crown is amazing. In the tropical rain forest of Bangladesh, a big banyan tree grows luxuriantly and becomes a forest. There are as many as 4000 hanging "air roots" on its branches, which become "column roots" after landing. In this way, the roots of the columns are connected, the columns and branches support each other, and the branches and leaves extend, forming a spectacle of covering the sun and forming a forest. The huge canopy has a projected area of 65,438+0,000 square meters, which once housed an army of thousands of people under the trees to avoid the scorching sun. There is also an ancient banyan tree near Tianma River in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, China, with a crown area of about 65,438+05 mu, which can be used by hundreds of people to enjoy the cool under the tree. Banyan grows in Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong and southern Zhejiang. The banyan trees in the fields and roadside have become natural pavilions, which are good places for farmers and passers-by to have a rest, enjoy the cool and shelter from the wind and rain. There are many banyan trees in Fuzhou, so it is called "Rongcheng". The fruit of banyan is oblate, born in the axils of leaves, with a diameter less than 1 cm, and can be eaten. The seed has strong germination ability. Because of the activities of birds and the influence of wind and rain, it adheres to the mother tree, absorbs the nutrition of the mother tree, grows many hanging air roots, and can absorb water from the humid air. The column roots buried in the soil strengthen the role of trees in absorbing water and inorganic salts from the soil. This is the mystery of "one tree makes a forest".

Small data

Fuzhou Tree-Ficus microcarpa

Fuzhou has a long history of planting banyan trees. According to The History of Song and Music (930 ~ 1007), there is a saying in The Jade Ring of Taiping that "the banyan tree ... is surrounded by ten places and does not wither in winter, so it is the only city in the county, so it is called Rongcheng".

In the Song Dynasty, Zhang Boyu, the magistrate of Fuzhou, planted banyan trees for drought and flood control, showing a scene of "the city is full of shade and summer is not covered". Banyan has become one of the characteristics of Fuzhou ancient city. The banyan tree is luxuriant in branches and leaves, evergreen in all seasons, and stands proudly despite the cold and heat, symbolizing the pioneering spirit of Fuzhou people. 1985 On February 8th, the 12th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress decided to name the banyan tree as the city tree according to the suggestions of the masses. 1997 On August 28th, the 34th meeting of the Eighth People's Congress of Fujian Province adopted the resolution of taking banyan as the provincial tree.

Zhang Boyu, the satrap of Fuzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, planted banyan trees.

Zhang Boyu (1003 ~ about 1068) was born in Jian 'an (now Jian 'ou County). In the second year of Tiansheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1024), he was a scholar. Later, I published a book to judge excellent subjects. In the first year of Li Qing (104 1), he was appointed as a professor of Wu Jun county studies; Then take secretary cheng as Taigu order. He loves the people, works hard and builds water conservancy projects. In the fourth year of Li Qing (1044), Fan Zhongyan was recommended to the DPRK for daring to speak. The first year of Huang You (1049) was the official history of the imperial court. At that time, Chen Zhizhong was the prime minister, and Apollo said: "The world is not ruled, and it is not a real prime minister." Therefore, he offended Chen Zhizhong and learned about the Taiping House (now dangtu county). Emperor Renzong felt sorry for Apollo. Before he left Beijing, he gave him 50,000 yuan. During He Zhi period (1054 ~ 1056), Apollo was appointed as the magistrate of Yanzhou. In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), he was a disciple of Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Apollo has made great achievements in learning and cultivating talents. In the second year of Zhiping (1065), Apollo moved the capital to Fuzhou, and immediately ordered all households to dig ditches seven feet and plant banyan trees for greening. A few years later, the reputation of "White Rong Zhi" was deeply rooted in people's hearts. Apollo learned more and more, and this article left a deep impression on Ceng Gong. He is addicted to wine and good at poetry, and is called "Zhang Baibei" and "Zhang Baipian". The official final examination department sealed the doctor. He is the author of two volumes of Penglai Poems, which have been lost.

Greenism-banyan tree

Trees in the south are considered banyan trees. There is a book that banyan trees are unlucky, but they disappear in the north of Ji 'an. This is a geographical limitation. Where I am, the banyan tree is a city tree, and the lotus in the pond should be beautiful with wind. Observing the banyan trees in Yunnan, Guangdong, I found that most banyan trees here are women-they have no beards. One day, I saw a male banyan tree with a Guan Yunchang beard, a bearded man. I quickly asked people who had studied forestry and replied: It's a different variety. It turns out it's not about sex.

From then on, I began to pay attention to the characteristics of banyan trees. When a banyan tree is too different, it will become another species, just like people, too individual and always different. I also know several kinds: banyan, mountain banyan and ginseng banyan. Ginseng banyan is the best choice for bonsai, and its root fertilizer is just like ginseng and radish. I always thought it was genetically modified. I didn't like it.

Banyan is a big tree with an overwhelming atmosphere. Next to the tree, you can support the shed, which is a small country teahouse. There are several bamboo chairs, several small chairs, tea bowls and teapots under the tree, and the sound of rivers and cicadas. This is a long-lost childhood. This banyan tree looks like a green mountain with a brown trunk, which reminds me of the winding mountain road. If there are holes and depressions in the tree, some mushrooms will grow red and yellow colors, which is why umbrellas go home to the market.

The more banyan trees are cut down, the longer it can grow. One uncut tree grows straight, and the other one grows on the next branch after pruning, diagonally from east to west, with a thick green. This is similar to my temper. I often feel cool when I see that what I focus on training is not worn out!

There is a big banyan tree in primary school, and there are many banyan trees in middle school, so there are memories of banyan trees. The banyan tree in primary school has a crown that extends into the classroom. If you can't listen in class, just stare. There are sparrows chirping in the tree, but you still don't understand. There are only a few books to read in middle school. When we are not studying, let's study and plant trees. The names of the people in the mountains have been engraved under the banyan tree. This has been reviewed. The banyan tree bears a small red berry, such as miniature red Fuji apple, which can also be eaten, sweet and sour. From the ecological chain, it should be the food of birds. There is a TV movie "The Strategy of Seeds", which says that the reproduction of plants often depends on seeds to feed birds and animals, which makes sense. Primary schools often put many banyan fruits in their schoolbags, and people and birds compete for food. I have been doing this for a long time.

Pine and cypress trees have the style of generals, but banyan trees have no such honor. Maybe banyan is a literati tree. In this respect, there are actually many similarities. First of all, literati should not be too single, but must be supported by many things other than words, covering a large area; Secondly, the text returns to the song, and the text seems to look at the mountain but not flat, or looks at the tree but not straight. Straight trees are pillars, so the article has no such purpose. Therefore, third, the article is comfortable, with the coolness, photosynthesis and oxygen supply under the green forest tree. If you make a report under the banyan tree, I'm afraid you won't suffer from brain hypoxia. There is an image of a tree as a scholar, and it is still as big as a tree. Why should we belittle ourselves as a scholar? If there is a mistake, it is probably wrong to want to be a pillar.

The most beautiful thing about banyan lies in its roots. They are intertwined and undulating. There is no fundamental difference between a root and a tree. The most interesting one is the one with an air root, which often reminds me of my studies: it is natural to be deeply rooted and leafy. But sometimes, some things can't be learned at once. If you practice martial arts well and conquer the world, you will still lose to Master for many years. On the contrary, learning in practice is a lifelong thing, and I like banyan trees. Where there is nutrition, I will stick to it one by one. I will not only absorb nutrients, but also lose my advantage. My sideline will become my main business, making people wonder why flowers are so popular. Isn't it also good? I heard that the birds of paradise and banyan trees in Xinhui, Guangdong Province can't find their original roots. People are not pillars, but also create a paradise by themselves.