Parenting knowledge

I believe every parent wants their children to be smart, healthy and strong, but before that, mothers must know some health knowledge so that they can take better care of their babies. The following is the parenting knowledge I have compiled for you. I hope you like it!

Parenting knowledge: what should be paid attention to when taking care of babies under one year old A: Newborn babies

1. Breastfeeding: Breast milk is the best food and tonic for children, and no food can replace it.

Protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, zinc and vitamins contained in breast milk can be well digested and absorbed by the fetus, thus improving the immunity of the fetus. Mainly because breast milk is rich in active immune factors, it will improve the body's resistance to bacteria and germs; In addition, it will also reduce allergic phenomena, such as a small amount of intestinal bleeding in infants or eczema in infants.

2, milk: When you can't breastfeed your baby, you must use milk instead, but you should pay attention to the following points: Don't think that the thicker the milk, the better, the thicker the milk, the higher the nutrition, and the child's intestines are still developing. If the tolerance limit is exceeded, it will cause harm to the child. If there is no way to digest it in time, the child's body will be affected, and diarrhea, constipation and loss of appetite may occur. Therefore, if you plan to feed with milk powder, you must consider the quality and nutritional composition of milk powder. Usually, the age of the child should be considered when brewing; Don't add too much sugar. The correct way is to add 5-8 grams of sucrose per 100 ml. Too much sugar will make the water in the child's body unable to be discharged, which will lead to the softening of muscles and subcutaneous tissues, and may also lead to dental caries in the baby.

B: April to June, baby.

After 4-6 months, the nutrients such as iron, folic acid, vitamins and calcium contained in the baby's breast milk will decrease. If other foods are not added in time at this time, the child may suffer from anemia and rickets. Therefore, when preparing food for your baby, you should adopt the principle of from thin to thick, from fine to thick, and from one food to multiple foods, such as egg yolk, rice porridge, noodles, minced meat, liver mud and so on.

C: 12 month baby

Some babies over one year old have already started weaning, so at this time, we should pay attention to both staple food and snacks. Usually, it is best to give children some simple high-calorie food in the morning, such as a small cake or 2-3 biscuits, and eat some fruit in the afternoon. Don't give children snacks after meals, but give them a small glass of milk before going to bed. Also, you must drink water (boiled water and mineral water) when eating, because water is an important part of human tissues and cells and an important tool for human metabolism.

D: How does the baby spend the winter healthily?

Mom and dad can take their children to do gymnastics and participate in some outdoor activities and games to enhance their physique; Usually, it is necessary to ensure timely ventilation. When it is time to vaccinate, it is necessary to take the children to vaccinate in time.

E: Whose baby needs calcium supplement?

In normal life, some children may suddenly have abdominal pain, and the pain will disappear after a few minutes. Experts found that this is because of calcium deficiency in the body caused by intestinal spasm. Physiologically, blood calcium is an important factor to maintain the normal excitability of neuromuscular. If the blood calcium concentration table is low, the excitability of neuromuscular will increase, and the intestinal smooth muscle will contract strongly, so abdominal pain will occur, so we must pay attention to supplementing calcium to children in time.

Parenting knowledge: ten common problems of newborns 1. Breast scab

Breast scab looks terrible, but it is actually a very normal thing. As for the reason, there is no definite answer. Fortunately, the symptoms of baby's dry skin and peeling will be relieved in a few months. At the same time, mothers can moisturize their baby's skin with moisturizing oil twice a week. Mothers usually don't need to worry too much about this problem, but if the symptoms get worse, they should consult a pediatrician in time.

2. "explosive" poop

Newborn poop is basically liquid, and sometimes it is mixed with some indigestible small particles, so it is not difficult to imagine its "explosion". As long as the baby's excrement is normal in color (brown, yellow or green) and has some undigested particles, it belongs to the normal range. Once you find that your baby is bleeding from defecation, you should be ready to contact your doctor at any time.

3. Chest swelling

Do you remember the effect of pregnancy on hormones? So will children. One of the side effects of being pregnant for so long is that your chest will swell. Usually, you can observe whether there is redness around your baby's chest. If yes, it is best to measure the baby's temperature to see if the baby has a fever. If you have symptoms of fever, it is best to take your baby for a careful examination.

4. Strange groans

The baby is a noise maker and makes a lot of strange noises. Because the newborn's nasal cavity is not fully developed, this sound will appear when the air vibrates in a narrow, mucus-filled nasal cavity. If the baby keeps making noises when breathing, it's best to take the baby for a check-up.

Step 5 keep snoring

Newborns are beginners and are very sensitive to things. If the baby snores like thunder, it is that he is rejecting some substances in the air, and strong sunlight can also cause the baby to snore. In addition, mucus in the nasal cavity and amniotic fluid remaining in the respiratory tract can also cause the baby to purr loudly. If the baby snores and wheezes, it is best to check whether the baby is allergic to certain substances.

6. Spasm

Babies are very painful when they cramp, but this is normal. After the baby was born, he continued to develop in various ways, including shock reaction. You will find that this kind of spasm occurs whenever a baby hears a loud noise. This phenomenon usually disappears after three to four months. If the baby doesn't have any spasm symptoms, you should be worried, which may mean that some functions of the baby are abnormal.

7. Strange head shape

Giving birth is difficult for both mother and baby. Because the baby's immature head is soft and plastic, and it is squeezed by the pelvis at birth, the baby's head is likely to be deformed. In addition, lying in the same posture after birth will also have an impact on the head. Experts suggest that parents can always hug their babies, and don't let their heads always face in one direction when they lie down. If mom and dad have used various methods, but the baby's head still has a flat place, then you must see a doctor, and the baby may need to wear a special helmet.

8. Swelling of reproductive organs

Hormone effects before the baby is born and tissue fluid around the reproductive organs can cause the reproductive organs to swell. Urinating a few times after birth will get better. If this phenomenon still exists a few days after birth, you'd better ask a doctor to check it.

9. There is blood in the diaper

This phenomenon will improve itself. Baby girls may be affected by the side effects of hormones in the mother's uterus, while baby boys may bleed because of wound healing after circumcision. If you are particularly worried, you can consult a doctor when bleeding.

10. Crosseyed

Babies have been developing since birth, and vision is one of them. Controlling eye muscles and learning to focus are not achieved overnight. Sometimes, although the baby's eyes feel cross-eyed, they are not. This is mainly because the baby's eye distance is large, and the wide nose and fleshy face will cover part of the whites of the eyes. If the half-year-old baby still looks cross-eyed, it is necessary to take the baby to have a checkup.

Parenting knowledge: some special physiological phenomena of newborns: there are some yellow white spots on the midline of the newborn, the junction of soft and hard palates and gums, which are called "horse teeth" or "dead teeth", mainly due to the accumulation of epithelial cells or the retention of mucus gland secretions.

It usually disappears after a few weeks, which has no effect on children and does not require any special treatment. Therefore, mom and dad should not believe what some people say, "Don't pick a horse's teeth, fall down and swallow the dead". If they do it themselves, they are easily infected.

In addition, don't gargle your child during the neonatal period, because the oral mucosa of newborns is easily damaged and infected. Immediately after breastfeeding, rinse your mouth with a small amount of warm water.

Gland enlargement and lactation: Because the hormones in the expectant mother's body enter the fetus in the third trimester, the mammary gland may be enlarged one week after the child is born, which may be the size of broad bean to the size of a small quail egg, and some people may also have areola pigment deepening and milk secretion. The amount of milk varies from a few drops to 20 ml, and will disappear after 2 to 3 weeks.

If you help your child squeeze out the milk, it may cause suppurative mastitis, the girl's breast function will be damaged, and the nipple will be twisted and retracted, which will have a great impact on the future.

False menstruation: Some girls will have a small amount of blood in the vagina 5-7 days after birth, just like menstruation, which usually lasts 65,438+0-3 days. There is no bleeding in other parts, and the child will not feel uncomfortable. This phenomenon is called "false menstruation".

"false menstruation" is mainly caused by the estrogen in the mother's body entering the fetus in the third trimester. After flowing out, you can gently wipe it off with sterile gauze. If the child has a large amount of bleeding, it is necessary to take the child to a doctor quickly, which may be related to neonatal bleeding.

Neonatal erythema: On the first day after birth, some children's skin will be generally red, and sometimes there will be needle-sized red spots, which may be caused by cold and dry external environment and toxins. 1 ~ 2 days later, it will gradually disappear, and then desquamation will appear, especially the soles of feet, soles and wrinkles, and it will be fine after desquamation.

Fetal nevus: It usually appears in children's lumbosacral region, buttocks and back, with different sizes and shapes. Large blue-gray spots that are not higher than the skin surface are mainly formed by special pigmentation, and almost all spots will disappear at the age of four.

Chestnut rash: Newborns always have a little yellow and white spots on the nose tip, nose wing and cheeks, which is mainly caused by the accumulation of sebaceous glands. This phenomenon is called chestnut rash, not pustule, and it will be fine by itself.

"Mantis Mouth": Newborns have thick fat pads on their cheeks, just like mantis, which is normal.

Bleeding point: bright red or blue bleeding point can be seen on the head and face of newborn, especially under the upper eyelid and bulbar conjunctiva, and the bleeding point will disappear by itself.

Cyanosis: Newborns will see cyanosis around their mouths, palms, toes and nail beds, which may be related to the high hemoglobin of newborns, rather than health problems.

Urine: Due to the increase of leukocyte decomposition, urate excretion and uric acid embolism, reddish-brown spots may appear on children's diapers, and babies will cry when urinating, so mothers should increase breastfeeding or warm water to increase urine volume and prevent crystallization and embolism.

Toe valgus: It is called pseudodeformity to see the instep of newborn everted upward. Mom, don't worry too much. She will be fine.

Scalp edema: the head of the head producer is squeezed in the production process, and the scalp edema is serious, so it will look strange. Some parents look at their children and think, "I am good-looking. How can a child be like this?" What's wrong with the baby? In fact, after the edema subsides in a few days, the child's normal appearance will be exposed.