Lu Xun’s life, masterpieces, anecdotes, and related writing materials

Lu Xun: (September 25, 1881 - October 19, 1936) was originally named Zhang Shou, but later changed to Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Hencai. A native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. A great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China.

Representative works: novel collections "Scream" and "Wandering", essay collections "Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk", prose poetry collection "Weeds", essay collections "Grave", "Hot Wind" and "Canopy Collection".

It is known as the "Cultural Revolution". .Born on the third day of August in the seventh year of Guangxu (September 25, 1881) in Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing City), and his ancestral home is Runan County, Henan Province. In his youth, he was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution and Tolstoy's philanthropic thoughts. In 1898, he changed his name to Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Hencai. In 1902, he went to Japan to study at public expense. He originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College and had the ideal to use his own hands to treat diseases and save people. Later, due to the war, he changed his career as a writer and engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit (see the preface to "The Scream"). From 1905 to 1907, he participated in the activities of the revolutionary party and published papers such as "On the Power of Moro Poetry" and "On Cultural Partiality". During this period, he returned to China and married his wife, Zhu An, at the behest of his mother. In 1909, together with his brother Zhou Zuoren, he co-translated "Collection of Foreign Novels" to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Guangzhou and Shaoxing successively. In 1918, he published the first vernacular novel "A Madman's Diary" in Chinese history under the pen name "Lu Xun". In 1927, he married Ms. Xu Guangping and gave birth to a boy named Zhou Haiying. Have 3 nieces. Died of illness in Shanghai on October 19, 1936. His works are included in "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", his works and "Collected Letters of Lu Xun", and he has reprinted various ancient books compiled by Lu Xun. Later, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (*** Volume 16) was published in 1981. In 2005, "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (***18 volumes) was published. His works are mainly novels and essays. Among the novels, "Blessing", "The True Story of Ah Q", and "Diary of a Madman" are relatively well-known. Dozens of Lu Xun's novels, essays, poems, and essays have been selected into Chinese textbooks for middle and primary schools. His novels "Blessing", "The True Story of Ah Q", and "Medicine" have been adapted into movies. Lu Xun museums and memorial halls have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou, Xiamen and other places. At the same time, his works have been translated into more than 50 languages ????such as English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, and German, and have a vast audience around the world. reader.

Lu Xun used his pen instead of his sword and fought all his life, and was known as the "soul of the nation." Mao Zedong evaluated him as a great writer, thinker and revolutionary, and the leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. With a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers, he bows his head and is willing to be a ruthless ox.

The Life of Lu Xun

A great modern Chinese writer and translator and the founder of the New Literature Movement. His original name was Zhou Shuren, and his courtesy name was Hencai. He was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, and came from a declining feudal family. In his youth, he was influenced by the idea of ??evolution.

In 1902, he went to Japan to study. He originally studied medicine and later engaged in literature and art, in an attempt to change the national spirit. He returned to China in 1909 and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a minister and official in the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Beijing Government, and also taught at Peking University, Women's Normal University and other schools.

In May 1918, he used "Lu Xun" as his pen name for the first time and published the first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman" in the history of modern Chinese literature, which violently exposed and criticized the system of cannibalism and laid the foundation for The cornerstone of the new literary movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he participated in the work of "New Youth" magazine, stood at the forefront of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal New Culture Movement, and became the great standard-bearer of the May 4th New Culture Movement.

Between 1918 and 1926, he successively created and published "Scream", "Grave", "Hot Wind", "Wandering", "Weeds", "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai" Special collections such as "Collection and Sequel" show the ideological characteristics of patriotism and thorough democracy. Among them, the novella "The True Story of Ah Q" published in December 1921 is one of the outstanding works in the history of modern Chinese literature. In August 1926, because of his support for the Beijing student patriotic movement, he was arrested by the reactionary authorities and went south to teach at Xiamen University. In January 1927, he went to Guangzhou, the then revolutionary center, and taught at Sun Yat-sen University. After the April 12th Incident, he angrily resigned from all positions at Sun Yat-sen University. During this period, I witnessed that there were non-revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries among young people. I was deeply affected and completely gave up on the illusion of evolution. Arriving in Shanghai in October 1927.

Since 1930, Lu Xun has successively joined progressive organizations such as the China Freedom Movement Alliance, the Chinese Left-wing Writers Alliance and the China Civil Rights Protection League. He actively participated in the revolutionary literary and artistic movement despite various persecutions by the Kuomintang government. After the "Left-Left Alliance" was disbanded in early 1936, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese national united front in the literary and cultural circles. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works in "New Stories" and a large number of essays. These works are included in "Jiji Ji", "Sanxian Ji", "Erxin Ji", "Nanqianbei Diao Ji", "Pseudo-style Collection" "Free Letters", "Quasi Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature", "Qiejieting Essays" and other special collections. Lu Xun made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings throughout his life; he led and supported progressive literary groups such as "Weiming Society" and "Chaohua Society"; he edited "National Newspaper Supplement", "Wangyuan", Literary journals such as "Running", "Grudge" and "Translation"; enthusiastically caring for and actively cultivating young authors; vigorously translating foreign progressive literary works and introducing famous domestic and foreign paintings and woodcuts; collecting, researching and sorting out a large amount of classical literature, Critically inheriting the ancient cultural heritage of the motherland, he compiled "A Brief History of Chinese Novels", "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", "Collection of Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties", "Old News Notes on Novels" and so on.

Died of illness in Shanghai on October 19, 1936.

Old Photos - Lu Xun at Sun Yat-sen University

In the autumn of 1926, Guo Moruo, the former dean of the School of Liberal Arts of Sun Yat-sen University, accompanied the army on the Northern Expedition. Chen Yannian, secretary of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposed that Sun Yat-sen The *** organization in the university demanded that the school invite Lu Xun, who was currently at Xiamen University, to teach at Sun Yat-sen University. After Lu Xun received the invitation call, he replied and agreed to go to Guangdong. Bi Lei, deputy secretary of the Academic Committee of Sun Yat-sen University and the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Xu Wenya, secretary of the Party branch of Sun Yat-sen University, were ordered to publicly contact Lu Xun.

Lu Xun left Beijing for Xiamen University in August 1926. Not long after, he felt that Xiamen was as "unclean" as Beijing, which was still ruled by warlords, and was a hopeless place, so he readily accepted the offer. Invitation from Sun Yat-sen University. His letter to Xu Guangping mentioned "creating a front and attacking the old society." Lu Xun and Xu Guangping met at Beijing Women's Higher Normal School. Their friendship sprouted from correspondence and exchange of ideas, and their love relationship was officially established in 1925. Xu Guangping was originally from Guangzhou. After graduating from Beijing Women's Normal University, he returned to Guangzhou to teach. He was later forced to resign and became a teaching assistant at Sun Yat-sen University, known as a "leftist school." Lu Xun received a letter from Xu Guangping, telling him that right-wing forces were also very arrogant in Guangzhou and that progressive forces were being squeezed out. Lu Xun's reply on the ship was: "Of course there are small bumps, but they are not bumps on the sea; the waves on the sea are much more dangerous than this."

January 18, 1927 After Lu Xun arrived in Guangzhou, he took up the post of head of the Department of Literature and dean of academic affairs at CUHK. After the news spread, visitors came in an endless stream, and he began to have contact with people from all walks of life. As a representative of CUHK students, Bi Lei came to visit and gave him the Chinese Communist Party publications "Guide", "People's Weekly" and the ** Youth League magazine "Young Pioneers". Lu Xun warmly received the progressive students. Lu Xun declined the welcome party offered by the school authorities, but on the afternoon of January 25, accompanied by Bi Lei, he attended the welcome party held for him by the CUHK Student Union and received a warm welcome. Zhu Jiahua, deputy director of the School Council of CUHK, also took the stage as a school authority to give a welcome speech and said a few flattering words. Lu Xun said in his speech: "Just now, Mr. Zhu said that I am a revolutionary and a soldier. I think that is not the case. I do not admit Mr. Zhu's words." "If I were a revolutionary and a soldier, I should not come to Guangdong. "We should be fighting evil forces in Beijing or Xiamen. Why should I come here? Because this is the 'cradle of revolution'. I heard that Guangdong is a terrible place and has become red!" Lu Xun said that he only saw streets in Guangdong! There were a lot of slogans on it, but I didn’t see anything scary. He said in a pun: “From my eyes, there is nothing special about Guangdong compared to the old society. I think it’s like the white letters written on the red cloth slogans.” , 'red with white', I feel a little worried about the revolution."

Lu Xun spent the Lunar New Year in Guangzhou, enjoying the scenery of the South, watching the New Year's Eve flower market, and entertaining the KMT dignitaries! Please write "I will not attend the banquet" on all posts and return them.

He remained silent about the various articles published in newspapers on the subject of his visit to Guangzhou. Reporters with ulterior motives invited him to "violently attack" the shortcomings of Guangzhou. Lu Xun replied coldly, "He is not yet familiar with the local situation, and he has Revolution, I feel that there is nothing to attack", which in turn attracted abuses such as "an old man". Lu Xun did not fight back. He focused all his energy on the teaching affairs of preparing for the start of classes. He said that he would "do a little bit" for Sun Yat-sen University and "make the liberal arts of Sun Yat-sen University decent", set examination questions, arrange work schedules, and issue Notifications, scoring, and rankings were all done by myself, and I was busy non-stop. At the invitation of Hong Kong's progressive youth, he went to Hong Kong to deliver two speeches, "Silent China" and "The Old Tune Is Over". Xu Guangping served as his Cantonese interpreter. Regarding the political situation in Guangzhou, he has seen the complexity of "dark green and deep red". He is observing with a cold eye. In Xu Guangping's words, "He is looking for enemies. He is looking for oppression to come. He is looking for enemies." It’s about stroking the blood from the wound and waiting for the opportunity to finally come.” During this period, he gave a speech at the Social Science Research Society of CUHK and expressed his concerns: "The people of Guangzhou are not powerless, so it can be the source of revolution or the source of counter-revolution..."

On March 1, Sun Yat-sen University held its opening ceremony. Lu Xun was invited to give an impromptu speech on "Reading and Revolution". He said: "As for the warlord, some classmates from the Huangpu Military Academy attacked him and defeated him. But for all the old systems, the old habits of patriarchal society, and the old habits of feudal society, No one has yet opened fire on them for their old ideas! "Young students at Sun Yat-sen University should use what they have learned from studying as weapons to attack them - this is the responsibility of the young people at Sun Yat-sen University." In March, he and Chen Yannian also said. There was a secret meeting.

On April 8, he was invited to the Whampoa Military Academy and delivered a speech on "Literature in the Revolutionary Era". He said: "The current social situation in China is only the revolutionary war on the ground. A poem cannot scare away Sun Chuanfang, "Sun Chuanfang was blown away with one cannon". He "seemed to think that the sound of the cannon was much better than the sound of literature." Lu Xun had frequent contact with Guangzhou's food and cultural markets and had a good impression of them. In a letter to a friend, he mentioned that "although the food in Guangzhou is more expensive, the quality is excellent." According to "Lu Xun's Diary" and "Lu Xun's Letters", he visited more than 20 teahouses and restaurants in Guangzhou during his nine months. In order to provide conditions for progressive young people who love to read new books, he and Sun Fuyuan rented several vacant rooms on Fangcao Street in Guangzhou and opened a Beixin Bookstore. From March 25th to August 15th, this place became a place for Lu Xun and young people who loved literature to meet and talk about literature. Not long after Lu Xun resigned from Sun Yat-sen University, the bookstore also closed down, and the remaining books were given to *** and bookstores at low prices. When handing over, Lu Xun started packing and moving, and paid off the 80 yuan outstanding from the business out of his own pocket. Then, he happily invited the young people who helped him to have dinner at the "Miao Qixiang" teahouse. The mentor and "boss" personally carried a pot of wine and drank wine, chatting and laughing, and the scene was so lively that others thought it was a celebration banquet.

The Northern Expedition won every victory. On April 10, Lu Xun heard the cheers of Guangzhou people marching in the streets to celebrate the Northern Expedition's conquest of Shanghai and Nanjing at his residence in Baiyun Tower. He wrote "Celebrating the Victory of Ninghu" In the article "On One Side", he keenly mentioned that "there are many people celebrating, singing, and intoxicating with the revolution, which is naturally good, but sometimes the revolutionary spirit can turn into a slippery slope." He bluntly warned that it is necessary to prevent "the revolutionary spirit from becoming slippery, thin, and even extinct, and then it will return to the old". Lu Xun's prediction was confirmed by the "April 12" coup in Shanghai two days later and the "April 15" coup in Guangzhou five days later. During the incident, Sun Yat-sen University was raided. In the afternoon, Lu Xun braved the storm and rushed back to China. Zhu Jiahua attended an emergency meeting attended by the heads of departments. During the meeting, he proposed that the authorities should not continue the search and try to rescue the arrested students. Zhu Jiahua suppressed and said: "This is a 'party school', and everyone who works here must The decision of the party-state should be obeyed and no objections should be allowed. Lu Xun went straight to the point: "May I ask Mr. Zhu, what crimes did the arrested students commit?" Zhu Jiahua hesitated and said, "I don't know." Lu Xun asked sharply, "Since it's not clear, why do everyone here have to obey their decision?" "The meeting could not make a decision, and Lu Xun left the meeting angrily. He rushed to rescue the students and donated money to express condolences to the arrested students. However, a notice was posted in front of the library of Sun Yat-sen University expelling hundreds of students and faculty from their official positions. Lu Xun resigned from all positions at Sun Yat-sen University He protested. The school authorities also wanted to use his reputation to decorate their appearance, but Lu Xun refused.

The Zhongda authorities could not win over Lu Xun. They turned against him and labeled everyone who had been close to Lu Xun as the "Lu Xun faction" or the "Yusi faction" and tried every means to isolate Lu Xun. Lu Xun saw through the reactionaries' ploy to frame charges and insisted on staying in Guangzhou to engage in creation and translation. He said: "If I leave Guangzhou as soon as I graduate from Sun Yat-sen University, I think I will be excluded." The visiting young friends earnestly advised When he went to other places, Lu Xun said: "Didn't they spread rumors that I had escaped and fled to Hankou? Now everywhere is as black as crows, and I won't leave, and I can't leave. If I leave, won't I? Just to spread rumors for them?" He finished compiling "Collection of Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties" under the lights in Baiyun Tower, and mourned the murdered revolutionary youth in his inscription.

On July 16, Lu Xun, accompanied by Xu Guangping, went to Zhiyong Middle School to give a lecture on "Reading Miscellaneous Talks". He warned middle school students that they must "use their own eyes to read this living book in the world" and "must Contact with society makes the books you read come alive." On July 23, at the summer academic lecture hosted by the Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau, he gave a speech on "The Relationship between Wei and Jin Styles and Articles, Medicine and Wine." He talked about Sima Yi's method of incriminating his opponents, and changed the topic, saying that for example, when the revolutionary forces became stronger, the warlords who opposed the revolution hung up the blue sky and white sun flag, and held a Prime Minister's Memorial Week. If true believers of the "Three People's Principles" did not go there, they would be punished. He spoke of opposing the "Three People's Principles" and cleverly attacked the counter-revolutionary double-dealers. On September 27, Lu Xun and Xu Guangping boarded the ship "Shandong" and left Guangzhou for Shanghai.

In Guangzhou, Lu Xun spent 8 months and 9 days. He kept writing in a complex environment, edited his old works "Weeds" and "Morning Blossoms Picked at Dusk", and continued to translate "Little John" , created "Forging Swords" in "New Collection of Stories", compiled "Collection of Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties", etc., and wrote 10 chapters in the planned "History of Chinese Literature" from the origin of ancient writing to Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. He also wrote a number of essays and compiled them into "Ji Ji Ji", recording his footprints and ideological transformation process during his time in Guangzhou. The inscription of "Ji Ji Ji" can be seen as his reflection on his experience in Guangzhou. Summary of meaning: I have seen a lot of blood and tears in the past six months, but I only have mixed feelings. The tears have been wiped and the blood has disappeared; the butchers are free and happy again, some with steel knives and some with soft knives; but I only have "mixed feelings". When even the "miscellaneous feelings" were "put where they should go", all I could think of was "just"!

Lu Xun's anecdotes

Speech anecdotes

Celebrities are often invited to give speeches, and Lu Xun is no exception. His speeches were erudite and full of wit, and he was often surrounded by applause and laughter. Once when he returned to Peiping from Shanghai, Beijing Normal University invited him to give a lecture titled "Literature and Armed Forces." Some students have seen many articles attacking him in newspapers and feel very sorry for him. He said in his speech: "Some people say that I came to Peking this time to grab jobs and to 'make a comeback'; but please don't worry, I will make a 'comeback' soon." His words immediately filled the venue with laughter. Sound

Love of books

Mr. Lu Xun has been inseparable from books since his boyhood. He lived frugally throughout his life and purchased many books. He usually takes good care of books. He always washes his hands before reading and carefully cleans the books when they are dirty. He also prepared a set of tools himself and knew how to order and repair books. A worn-out book often looks brand new after he sorts it out. He usually does not easily lend his used books to others. If someone else borrows a book, he would rather buy a new book and lend it to others.

Punctuation fees

Everyone knows that although punctuation marks are not very impressive, they play a decisive role in the article. However, the publishing industry at that time did not pay much attention to punctuation marks. When paying manuscript fees, they often deducted them from the number of words and did not pay manuscript fees. Once, Lu Xun was asked to write a manuscript for a certain publishing house. Because he knew in advance that the publishing house would not pay for punctuation marks, his manuscript did not have a single punctuation mark throughout. .

After reading the manuscript, the editor wrote back asking Lu Xun to add punctuation marks on the grounds that it was "difficult to break sentences". Lu Xun replied: "Since the author is required to add punctuation marks to separate paragraphs and chapters, it can be seen that punctuation is still indispensable. In this case, punctuation must also count the number of words." The publishing house had no choice but to adopt Lu Xun's opinion, and the punctuation marks were also The manuscript fee was paid based on the number of words. hehe!

Chili peppers ward off cold

Mr. Lu Xun studied hard since he was a child. When he was a boy, he studied at the Jiangnan Naval Academy. He had excellent grades in the first semester, and the school awarded him a gold medal.

He immediately took it to the streets of Nanjing's Drum Tower and sold it, then bought a few books and a bunch of red peppers. Whenever it was cold at night and he couldn't bear to read at night, he would pick a chili pepper, put it in his mouth and chew it, which made him sweat on his forehead. He used this method to keep away the cold and insist on studying. As a result of studying hard, he finally became a famous litterateur in our country.

Cigarette cans drive cats away

Lu Xun came to Shanghai to specialize in writing in his later years, and he still retained his childlike innocence in his 50s. Once, when the night was quiet and Lu Xun was writing, a cat outside kept barking, which repeatedly interrupted his writing thoughts. Lu Xun then picked up the fifty tin cigarette cans at hand and fired them one by one at the hateful cats.

Teasing the Secret Service

Once, Lu Xun was wandering the streets of Shanghai, always followed by a small secret service agent. Of course, this is a common thing for Lu Xun. Lu Xun deliberately mistook him for a beggar, and calmly turned around and handed him a silver dollar: "Buy something to eat."

Interesting Haircut Stories

When he was teaching at Xiamen University, Mr. Lu Xun once Go to a barber shop to get a haircut. The barber didn't know Lu Xun. Seeing his simple clothes, he thought he must not have much money and he didn't take his haircut seriously at all. In response to this, Mr. Lu Xun not only was not angry, but after finishing the matter, he casually took out a large amount of money and gave it to him - far more than he should have. The barber was overjoyed and immediately had a smile on his face. After a while, Lu Xun went to get a haircut again. The barber was overjoyed when he saw it, and he immediately used all his special skills to do it "slowly and carefully" with humility written all over his face. After the meal was finished, Lu Xun did not show any more magnanimity. Instead, he took out the money and counted it to the barber one by one, without giving any more money. The barber was confused: "Sir, you did that last time, why do you do this today?" Lu Xun smiled and said, "Last time you were careless about geography, so I gave you some carelessly; this time, you are serious about geography, and I am serious about geography. Give me the land." The barber was greatly embarrassed.