Where is Kaiyuan City, Tieling City, Liaoning Province located?

Belongs to: Kaiyuan City, Tieling City, Liaoning Province

Kaiyuan City is located in the northern part of Liaoning Province. It is an ancient city in northern Liaoning and belongs to Tieling City. It is located in the northeast of Tieling City and stretches eastward in the middle reaches of the Liaohe River. It borders Xifeng County and Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County to the east, Tieling County to the south, Faku and Changtu County to the west, and Lishu County of Jilin Province to the north. East longitude 123°43′-124°48′, north latitude 42°6′-42°53′. It is 89.4 kilometers long from east to west and 86 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of ??2824.78 square kilometers. The total population is 580,000 (2004). The jurisdiction covers an area of ??2,828 square kilometers, with 21 towns and streets, and a total population of 580,000. The eastern part of Kaiyuan belongs to the remnants of the Changbai Mountains, with dense forests; the western part is the hinterland of the Songliao Plain, with thousands of miles of fertile wilderness. It has superior geological characteristics, obvious location advantages and huge development potential. The Municipal People's Government is located at No. 28, Xinhua Road, Xincheng Street, Postal Code: 112300. Administrative division code: 211282. Area code: 0410. Pinyin: Kaiyuan Shi.

Kaiyuan City has good natural conditions and is a key national grain-producing area and commercial grain base. The main crops include rice, corn, sorghum, etc. The famous oil crops are soybeans, and the main cash crops are tobacco. Kaiyuan is rich in hawthorn, and its main specialties are garlic and Chinese cabbage. The city's forest area is 1.36 million acres. It is rich in wild plant resources, including ginseng, bracken, hazelnuts, fungus, mushrooms and artificially cultivated Chinese herbal medicines. The construction of production bases for agricultural and sideline products such as edible fungi, ginseng, flax, asparagus, and vegetables has developed rapidly. The "three raising and one development" of pig raising, fish raising, cattle raising and development have become local characteristics.

The underground mineral resources in Kaiyuan City include more than 20 kinds of gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, zinc, coal, marble, limestone, building stones, etc. The marble reserves in the base are 910 million cubic meters. "Black and white flower" diorite is a rare facing stone. Alluvial gold is one of the city's main minerals with large reserves. This city has a good industrial foundation and has certain development potential. There are currently 15 categories of industrial enterprises, mainly including mining, machinery, agricultural machinery, chemical fertilizers, cement, textiles, winemaking, oil extraction, printing, food, papermaking and bone glue, etc. Among the main industrial products, 21 products such as gelatin, canned food, linen, clothing, and arts and crafts have entered the international market and are sold well in seven countries and regions including the United States, Germany, Japan, and Hong Kong.

Kaiyuan City has convenient transportation. The Changchun-Changchun Railway trunk line runs from the west of the city, and the Kaifeng Branch Railway runs eastward to Xifeng. There are also 29 dedicated railway lines. The highways take the Beijing-Harbin, Liao-Kaifeng and Shenping lines as the backbone, and there are also county and township highways forming a network.

The old city of Kaiyuan City is an ancient cultural city with a long history. It was a border town with a government before the Qing Dynasty. There are more than 20 places in the city such as ancient pagodas, mosques, Zhongyuan Temple, Yaowang Temple, Guandi Temple, Bell and Drum Towers, and Jinxian River. In addition, there is the Chongshou Temple Tower located in the southwest of the old city. It was built in the Liao and Jin Dynasties. The tower is 47 meters high and has a tapered octagonal 13-story dense eaves style. It echoes the 13-meter-high Bell and Drum Tower in the center of the city, forming a beautiful landscape of "the bell tower overlooking the sky and the ancient tower rising in the morning glow".

Physical Geography

Topography and Mountains

The terrain of Kaiyuan is high in the east and low in the west, with hilly areas in the north and south, and mountains in the southeast. It is a branch of the Changbai Mountains. The western part is low and flat and is part of the Qinghe and Liaohe alluvial plains. The soil is fertile and suitable for mechanical farming and irrigation. It is one of the grain-producing areas in the county. The central part is a semi-hilly and semi-plain area. There are 166 large and small rivers in the territory, including Liaohe River, Qinghe River, Kou River, Chaihe River, and Shahe River, and are rich in water conservancy resources. The whole territory is divided into six mountains, half water, three fields, and half roads and manors.

Kaiyuan is 102 kilometers wide from east to west and 65 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of ??3164 square kilometers. The terrain within the territory is high in the east and low in the west. In the east is the branch of Changbai Mountain, which is mountainous and hilly, with an altitude of between 200-600 meters. The main peaks include Chengzi Mountain, Lizi Mountain, etc., with an altitude of more than 800 meters. The west is an alluvial plain with an altitude between 50-100 meters.

Hydrological conditions

There are more than 160 large and small rivers in Kaiyuan. The main rivers include the Liaohe River and its tributaries, Qinghe River, Kou River, Chaihe River and Shahe River.

There are 9 large and small reservoirs such as Qinghe Reservoir, Nanchengzi Reservoir, and Guanmenshan Reservoir, with a total water storage capacity of 1 billion cubic meters; there are three major groundwater systems, and the water quality reaches the national secondary drinking water standard.

Climate characteristics

Kaiyuan City has a north temperate monsoon continental climate. The cold period in winter lasts for 4 months, with the coldest month in January, with an average temperature of around -14.5°C, and an extremely low temperature of -35°C. The summer is hot, generally lasting for 3 months, with the hottest month in July, with an average temperature Around 23℃-24℃, the extreme high temperature is 36.5℃. The number of sunshine hours in the whole year is about 2585 hours, which is longer in May and June and shorter in November and December. The first frost period is in late September, the last frost period is in late April, and the frost-free period is about 145-165 days. The average annual precipitation is 678 mm. Southwest winds prevail in spring and summer, and northwest winds prevail in autumn and winter. The average wind speed is 45 meters per second.

Natural resources

Kaiyuan is rich in resources. There are 11 large and small rivers such as Liaohe River and Qinghe River, and 9 large and medium-sized reservoirs such as Qinghe Reservoir and Nanchengzi Reservoir, with a total water storage capacity of 1 billion cubic meters. The groundwater quality reaches the national secondary drinking water standard. The proven mineral resources mainly include more than 20 kinds of gold, silver, aluminum, coal, marble, limestone, granite, etc., with high grade, large reserves and great development value. There are abundant wild animal and plant resources, and the development prospects of hazelnuts, wild vegetables, edible fungi, Chinese herbal medicines, forest frogs, etc. are broad. There are many places of interest and historical sites, including the original ancient city of Xianzhou, the Daqing River, the magnificent Qidian Longtan Temple, and the beautiful peaks of Ivory Mountain and Lazi Mountain.

Origin of the place name

In the seventh year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty (123 AD), Kaiyuan Wanhu Prefecture was set up in Heilongjiang, and later the administrative seat was moved to Huanglong Prefecture (today's Nong'an County, Jilin Province) . In the second year of Yuanzhen (1286) of Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty, Kaiyuan Wanhu Mansion was renamed Kaiyuan Road. In the 21st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1388), the Kaiyuan Road Administration Office was moved to Xianping Mansion (now the old city of Kaiyuan, Liaoning), and the Yuan Dynasty was changed to the original one, from which the name "Kaiyuan" came. Kaiyuan Old City is one of the earliest ancient cities built in the Ming Dynasty and is known as the "Ancient City in Northern Liaoning".

Historical evolution

From the Qin and Western Han Dynasties to the Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Fuyu.

The Northern Wei Dynasty belonged to Wuji.

Sui belongs to Blackwater__.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Heishui Mansion in Yanzhou.

During the Xiantong period of Emperor Yizong of the Tang Dynasty (837 AD), it belonged to the Bohai Kingdom and was subordinate to Longquan Mansion in Shangjing.

Liao was the territory of Huanglong.

Jin is the land of Huining Mansion.

It belongs to Kaiyuan Road.

In the Ming Dynasty, Thirty Thousand Guards, Liaohai Guards and Anle Prefecture were established here.

In the third year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1664), 30,000 guards were sold and placed in Kaiyuan County, which belonged to Fengtian Province.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, it belonged to Liaoshen Road, Fengtian Province.

During the Japanese imperialist occupation, it belonged to Fengtian Province.

In the early days of liberation, it belonged to Liaoxi Province.

In 1954, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Tieling Prefecture. It is now a county under the jurisdiction of Tieling City.

In 1988, Kaiyuan County was abolished and Kaiyuan City (county level) was established.

In 2000, Kaiyuan City governed 11 towns, 8 townships, and 4 ethnic townships: Kaiyuan Town, Old Town, Weiyuanbao Town, Qingyunbao Town, Zhonggu Town, and Babkeshu Town, Jingouzi Town, Babaotun Manchu, Xibo and Korean Town, Lianhua Town, Kaoshan Town, Yemin Town; Shangfeidi Manchu Township, Xiafeidi Manchu Township, Huangzhai Manchu Township, Linfengman Township, Lijiatai Township, Majiazhai Township, Sanjiazi Township, Suburban Township, Chengdong Township, Guchengbao Township, Chaihebao Township, and Songshanbao Township.

According to the fifth census data: the city’s total population is 529,736, including the population (persons) of each township: Kaiyuan Town 129124 Old Town 25031 Zhonggu Town 27754 Qingyunbao Town 25463 Baskeshu Town 27545 Weiyuanbao Town 22312 Jingouzi Town 26644 Babaotun Manchu Xibo Korean town 20699 Kaoshan Town 12217 Lianhua Town 14159 Yemin Town 21483 Suburban Township 29129 Chengdong Township 17176 Gucheng Township 10609 Sanjiazi Township 16186 Majiazhai Township 12022 Chaihebao Township 7084 Huangqizhai Manchu Township 14547 Shangfeidi Manchu Township 9979 Xiafeidi Manchu Township 13862 Songshanbao Township 19146 Lijiatai Township 18709 Linmanman Township 8856

On February 6, 2002, Liao Zheng [2002] No. 38 document approval: revoked and opened In the original town, a Xincheng sub-district office was established; in the suburban township, Xingkai sub-district office was established; in the old town, an old town sub-district office was established; in Guchengcheng Township and Babao Manchu, Xibo and Korean town, Babao Town was merged to establish Babao Town ; Chaihebao Township and Kaoshan Town were abolished and merged to establish Kaoshan Town; Sanjiazi Township and Qingyunbao Town were abolished and Qingyunbao Town was merged and established.

Kaiyuan is known as the "Old Capital of the Three Kingdoms" and "An Important Town of the Five Dynasties"

The "Old Capital of the Three Kingdoms" is the founding capital of Dajin, Dongxia and Dongliao.

At the end of the Liao Dynasty, the Jurchen Wanyan Division was distributed in the vast surrounding area centered on Xianzhou, and was affiliated with the Xianzhou Military and Horse Division. In September of the fourth year of Tianqing's reign in the Liao Dynasty (1114), A Gu launched an army to attack the Liao Dynasty and won the first battle. In October of that year, they captured Ningjiang City and captured Xianzhou in early December. Subsequently, Aguda established the country in Xianzhou and proclaimed himself emperor on Renshen Day, the first day of the new year (1115). The reign name was the first year of the founding of the country, which is recorded in "Quan Liao Zhi" and "Liaodong Zhi".

At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan raised troops. The Jin Dynasty was suspicious and wary of the Khitans, the survivors of the Liao Dynasty in the territory, fearing that they would echo the Mongols. Therefore, it ordered that all Khitans living in various places within the territory must be separated into two households. The Jurchens and the Khitan family are together. Brother Yeluliu couldn't stand the discrimination of the Jin people and ran away. In 1212, he raised flags and gathered Khitan people in Hanzhou (today's Pianlian City, Lishu County) and Long'an (Nong'an, Jilin) ??to fight against the Jin. In 1213, Brother Yeluliu took advantage of the momentum to attack. He went to Xianping, and then was called the King of Liao. "The capital was then called Xianping (now Kaiyuan), and it was named Zhongjing" ("Yuan History" Volume 149, "Yeluliu Ge Biography").

Puxian Wannu, who founded the Dongxia Kingdom, was a general at the end of the Jin Dynasty. After Yeluliu Ge conquered Xianping, he was ordered to lead hundreds of thousands of troops to attack Yeluliu Ge in 1214, but he underestimated the enemy and was defeated. Soon there was internal strife in Liuge, and Wannu took the opportunity to regain Xianping. In the same year, the imperial court was forced to move the capital due to the offensive of the Yuan army, and the northern roads were beyond reach. In 1215, Wannu saw that Jin had no hope, so he rebelled against Jin and broke the ground to establish himself. He ascended the throne in Xianping, proclaimed himself the king of heaven, and the country was named Daxia. No. Tiantai. A few years later, under pressure, the capital was moved to Yanji, Jilin.

An important town in the Five Dynasties

In the Liao Dynasty, it was Xianzhou City, in the Jin Dynasty, it was Xianping Fucheng, in the Yuan Dynasty, it was Kaiyuan Road City, in the Ming Dynasty, it was the North Road garrison city in the Liaodong region, and in the Qing Dynasty, it was the garrison in northern Liaoning. city. During these five dynasties, Kaiyuan City has always been the political center and military center of northern Liaoning.

In January 2021, the 2020 ranking of rural revitalization communication influential counties was released, and Kaiyuan City ranked 315th.

In November 2020, the Ministry of Water Resources announced the third batch of counties (districts) that have met the standards for water-saving society construction, and Kaiyuan City was on the list.

In March 2019, Kaiyuan City was listed on the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education nationwide in 2018.

In February 2010, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development named Kaiyuan City as the 2009 National Garden City.

In 2005, Kaiyuan City ranked 41st among the top 100 meat-producing counties in the country in 2005.