Eighth grade political review outline (immediately. now)

2010 Second Year Political Review Outline

Class: ___________ Name: _______________ Student ID: ______

Unit 1: Shaping the Self

1.1 Self-esteem and self-confidence

(1) How to correctly understand the meaning of self-esteem

Answer: Self-esteem is the cornerstone of a healthy personality. It is an emotion that values ??and affirms one's own personality. It is reflected in appearance. Respect and care for yourself internally, do not do things that are degrading to your personality, do not kowtow to others, and do not allow others to discriminate or insult you. Self-esteem is the proper affirmation of oneself and the pursuit of one's own intrinsic value and dignity.

(2): What is the meaning of self-esteem and self-confidence?

Answer: Self-esteem and self-confidence motivate us to work hard and form a healthy personality. With self-esteem and self-confidence, our career will be successful, our interpersonal relationships will be harmonious, and it will help us better establish ourselves in society.

(3): How to cultivate and maintain self-esteem?

Answer: ① To have self-respect, you must know your shame, refuse to be humble, and be clean and self-respecting.

② Get rid of inferiority complex, build self-confidence, and overcome arrogance and vanity.

(4): What is inferiority complex and its harm? How to overcome low self-esteem?

Answer: ① Inferiority is an unhealthy psychological state in which one looks down on oneself, depreciates oneself, or even gives up on oneself. Inferiority hinders us from building a happy life, is detrimental to interpersonal coordination, is detrimental to physical and mental health, is detrimental to career success, and may even lead to suicide.

② To overcome low self-esteem, you must build self-confidence, learn to respect yourself, view yourself objectively, and cultivate a positive and optimistic attitude towards life; be good at discovering and developing your own strengths and advantages, and create a record of success.

(5) Difference:

Symptom Cause Prescription

Inferior self-esteem. Unable to fully and objectively understand oneself. Discover one’s strengths and strengths and create a record of success

Conceit, unable to comprehensively and correctly view oneself and others, only seeing one's own advantages, comprehensively understanding and evaluating oneself and others, and seeing the advantages of others

Vanity, not being able to comprehensively and correctly view oneself and others, comprehensively understanding and evaluating oneself correctly and others

(6) Knowledge points:

Self-esteem is the cornerstone of healthy personality, and self-esteem is the basic psychological need of people. Self-esteem motivates us to work hard and develop a healthy personality.

Because of the sense of shame, people will control their behavior, avoid doing vulgar and despicable things, and live with dignity. Shame is the source of all virtue.

A person's dignity is established by self-respecting behavior.

Inferiority is an unhealthy mental state, and inferiority is a psychological prison.

Self-esteem is the appropriate affirmation of oneself, while conceit is excessive self-assertion.

Self-esteem is the pursuit of one's own intrinsic value and dignity, while vanity pursues superficial glory.

1.2 Distinguish between right and wrong

(1): What is conscience?

Answer: Conscience as a person is the correct view of right and wrong, good and evil (adolescence is an important period for establishing the view of right and wrong)

(2): How to cast the ruler of conscience? (Textbook P14)

Answer: ① Understand morality and study law; ② Choose good role models;

③ Learn to analyze rationally; ④ Establish beautiful ideals.

(3): How to correctly treat social impact?

Answer: ① Correctly view the influence of elders, relatives and friends, distinguish right from wrong, and not blindly follow them. If elders make mistakes, they should be corrected.

② Correctly view the influence of public media . The most important thing when browsing the Internet, watching TV, and reading newspapers and magazines is to learn to choose

③ Treat social trends correctly.

We must think independently, act rationally, and avoid blind following (refer to P9 of "Innovation Training")

(4): List the various temptations faced by middle school students. Faced with these temptations, how can we learn to overcome obstacles and make The right choice?

Answer: Such as the temptations of Internet cafes, TV, newspapers, pornography, gambling, and drugs.

①First of all, you must defeat yourself, strengthen your will, and grasp the correct scale of conscience before you can resist it. Temptation

② You must break away from feelings, adhere to principles, and do not do wrong things

③ Firmly adhere to beautiful ideals, and be a new generation of people with ideals, ethics, culture and discipline

(5) Key points of knowledge:

Knowing good and evil and distinguishing right from wrong are the basic qualities of being a human being.

"Social popularity" is a complex social and cultural phenomenon and a comprehensive reflection of the economy, culture and psychology of society in a certain period.

1.3 Self-responsibility

(1): How to correctly understand the meaning of responsibility

Answer: As a person, you should be responsible for your own actions. A responsible person is a person of good character. Responsibility means being able to self-understand, self-affirm, self-regulate, and self-guide. Responsible people have a clear understanding of the consistency between actions and consequences, have the courage to shoulder their responsibilities, do not shirk or evade, and are able to self-examine and self-discipline to stop themselves from doing wrong things

(2): Considering social phenomena such as dropping out of school, contradicting parents, and deforestation, let’s talk about what responsibilities we have?

Answer: ① We should be responsible for ourselves. It is our important responsibility to complete learning tasks, master knowledge, cultivate abilities, and improve quality.

②Be responsible for others, honor your parents and teachers, unite your classmates, and get along with friends

③Be responsible for the group, become a useful member of the group, and add glory to the group Cai

④ Be responsible for society, care for society and others.

Dropping out of school is a sign of irresponsibility. Confronting your parents is irresponsible behavior towards others. Indiscriminate deforestation destroys nature and the environment and is irresponsible to society.

(3): Hold a class meeting with the theme of responsibility

Answer: Activity theme: Take responsibility, grow up healthily and become a responsible person

Form of the activity : Discussion, speech contest, slogan promotion

Activity steps:

1) The host announces the start of the activity

2) Ask the head teacher to talk about the importance of taking responsibility Sex

3) Watch the film and television clips of the film "Eternal Monument"

4) Student discussions and representative speeches

5) At the end of the event, everyone stood up and sang the national anthem

(4): How to be a responsible person?

Answer: ①Establish a responsible attitude towards life

②Learn to analyze the cause and effect of things

③Develop the habit of thinking first and then acting

④ Be brave enough to take responsibility for the negative consequences caused by your own mistakes, accept lessons, and avoid making the same mistakes again

(5): Give two examples of responsible celebrities

Answer: 1) During the SARS period, Zhong Nanshan fought at the forefront of the fight against SARS

2) Lu Xun changed his mind to volunteer for the motherland

Unit 2: Treat others well

2. 1 Honesty and trustworthiness

1. Honesty and trustworthiness are the basic principles of life

1. Honesty and trustworthiness are the basic moral norms that everyone should abide by throughout their lives. Honesty and trustworthiness are the basic principles of life when people interact with each other. The most important moral character; honesty is the basic principle of being a human being; it is the core of good morality; it is the foundation of all kinds of good character.

2. What is honesty?

Honesty means seeking truth from facts, being consistent with appearance, telling the truth, doing real things, not being hypocritical, not exaggerating, not exaggerating, and not deceiving oneself or others.

3. The importance of honesty:

① Only in an honest heart can kindness, integrity, courage, and humility grow; ② Only in an honest heart can we keep our promises, fulfill our agreements, and gain The trust and respect of others; ③ can establish good interpersonal relationships, lay a solid career foundation, and achieve solid life achievements; ④ can social order be orderly and civilization progress possible.

2. Reject lies and keep promises

1. Not lying is one of the basic principles of life.

2. The root causes of lying include interests, face, etc.

3. The harm of lying:

Lying will pollute the personality and cause darkness of the soul. When the lie is exposed, it will also lead to the loss of credibility and the destruction of friendship, and will eventually be criticized by friends and society. They are scorned, and some are even subject to legal sanctions.

4. To learn to be honest, you must understand the importance of commitments. Once your commitments are made, you should honor them. Never commit to things that you are not capable of doing, do not plan to do, and should not do.

5. The fulfillment of a small promise is a stone in the credit building of your life. A person's credit is established by consistent honest and trustworthy behavior.

3. Honesty, privacy and "white lies"

1. People should be honest, but this does not mean saying everything without scruples or inappropriately. Honesty is the rejection of lies, but does not exclude necessary silence. You should also know how to speak appropriately in front of appropriate occasions and objects.

2. "White lies", for the purpose of comforting, encouraging, and helping others, are behaviors that are kind to others and cannot be compared at all with lying behaviors that are irresponsible, untrustworthy, and benefit oneself at the expense of others.

4. An Oasis of Integrity

1. Correctly view dishonesty in social life. Chinese society is constantly developing forward, and the progress of civilization is gradually realized. Therefore, we should start from ourselves and improve society with our own moral behavior.

2. Honesty and trustworthiness are traditional virtues. We must learn to be an honest person, treat others sincerely, and study and live honestly.

2.2 Treat others equally

1. Respect equal personalities

1. There is no distinction between high and low personalities, they are all equal. Starting from the principle of personality equality, we should treat others with equality.

2. Equality mainly refers to equality in personality and law.

3. Although there are huge differences between people, everyone has an equal personality. As a human being, everyone should be born with equal rights to life, development and the pursuit of happiness. This means that as human beings, everyone's personality is equal.

4. Equal personalities should receive the same respect. Respecting others and treating others with equality is the way an upright person should treat others. Treating others equally is a basic quality of modern people.

2. Equality is a manifestation of social progress

1. Equality is a process of gradual realization and one of the beautiful ideals that humans have long pursued.

2. Inequality is a manifestation of backwardness and ignorance, while equality is gradually realized in social progress.

3. Today, equality is a universal value recognized throughout the world. my country’s socialist system promotes social equality in many aspects and guarantees the equal status of people under the law.

3. Correctly understand differences and inequalities in reality

1. Reasons for differences and inequalities in reality:

People’s natural appearance There are differences in intelligence, physical strength, etc. In social life, there are differences in wealth, division of labor, opportunities, etc.; there are also racial and ethnic differences, cultural and language differences, age differences, gender differences, etc.

2. The correct attitude towards differences and inequality is: acknowledge differences, but treat others equally and respect others. We cannot ignore differences and pursue absolute egalitarianism, nor can we emphasize differences to classify people.

4. Eliminate discrimination and treat others equally

1. Treating others equally means treating all kinds of people with sincerity and respect, regardless of their talent, origin, wealth, or position. , treat each other in a friendly and polite manner.

2. How to treat others equally?

To treat others equally, ① we must respect the personality of others from the bottom of our hearts; ② we must have an objective and realistic attitude; ③ we must abandon outdated ideas; ④ we must recognize the errors and harms of discrimination, Efforts should be made to eliminate all kinds of discrimination and jointly establish mutually equal, sincere and harmonious interpersonal relationships.

3. The harm of discrimination: harming the equal rights and dignity of others; harming one's own dignity, lowering one's own personality, hindering people's harmonious exchanges, and hindering social progress and development.

2.3 Be kind to others

1. Kindness is a sincere and broad love.

1. Kindness is one of the most beautiful virtues of human beings and the cornerstone of good moral character.

2. *Being kind to others means treating others with a kind heart (treating and helping others with kindness).

3. *Kindness is selfless, and kind actions must be done without expecting anything in return. To be kind to others requires a clear distinction between right and wrong. A kind person is not an unprincipled nice guy. A kind heart is broad, and you must have sincere kindness whether you are treating your relatives, friends or strangers. Kindness must be shown in action, and sincere love is shown through actions.

2. Help others and experience the joy of life

1. *Helping others is not only for the needs of others, but also for our inner emotional needs. For a self-respecting person, giving will be happier than receiving. Giving allows us to experience the development of our own value and ability.

2. *The feeling of love is an inexhaustible source. The more we give, the fuller our hearts will be and the stronger our happiness will be. Therefore, helping others is not only giving, but also gaining. Helping others is therefore joyful.

3. Compare yourself to others, and do not do to others what you don’t want others to do to you.

1. Comparing yourself to others is a way of thinking and behaving in kindness to others.

2. It is difficult to compare one's feelings with one's own. Comparing one's heart to one's heart is the beauty of adulthood. Compare yourself to others, do to others what you do not want others to do to you, and do not do to others. It requires us not to harm others.

Knowledge link

1. Social life is complex, and people’s moral standards vary. We will always see dishonest people and untrustworthy behavior around us. Please list three examples of dishonesty in campus life.

Answer: For example, copying homework; cheating on exams; lying to parents about grades and performance in school; promising parents and teachers to study hard but not taking action, etc.

(2) In response to these phenomena, please provide some useful suggestions for "building an honest campus."

Answer: 1. Strengthen integrity education for students, educate students not to copy homework, and take integrity tests; 2. Increase the publicity of integrity, post integrity slogans, and create a good integrity campus atmosphere; 3. Organize Integrity campus debate competition, essay competition, speech competition, etc.

2. (1) There are many disabled people around us. How should we treat them?

Answer: Equality, friendliness, care, sincerity, respect, understanding, tolerance and other attitudes.

(2) Disabled people often encounter difficulties that ordinary people cannot imagine in life. How should we help them? How to treat others equally?

Answer: Do not discriminate spiritually and treat them equally; care about, considerate, and take care of them emotionally, and communicate with them; and provide them with a certain amount of financial support and what we can in terms of material life. help.

(3). In order to ensure the normal life of disabled people, the country and society have adopted many practices and measures. Write three that you know.

Answer: There are special seats for the disabled in buses and other places; there are passages for the disabled such as blind passages at stations, docks, airports, squares, etc.; organizations related to the disabled are established, such as the Federation of Disabled Persons. , the Disabled Persons' Foundation, etc. to protect the legitimate rights and interests of disabled people; in terms of legislation, the "Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Disabled Persons" has been formulated.

3. 1) What is being kind to others? Answer: To be kind to others means to treat others with a kind heart.

2) How can we be kind to others? Answer: To be kind to others, you must first have a correct understanding of kindness, knowing that kindness is sincere and broad love, selfless, clear-cut between right and wrong, broad-based, and manifested in action. Secondly, we should regard helping others as the foundation of happiness; finally, we should treat others with care and do not do to others what we do not want others to do to ourselves.

Unit 3: Getting along well

3.1 Understanding and tolerance

1. Why do people need to understand each other?

Answer: 1) Everyone is a unique individual with vast differences.

2) Society is made up of vastly different individuals. If people do not understand each other, differences will become an insurmountable gap and society will become an endless battlefield. Building harmonious relationships must start with understanding.

2. What is understanding others (the meaning of understanding)?

Answer: Understanding others means transcending narrow personal experiences and personal likes and dislikes, and using an open mind to understand other people's situations, feelings and thoughts, thereby eliminating misunderstandings and barriers and creating harmonious interpersonal relationships.

3. How to understand?

Answer: 1) Respect is the prerequisite for understanding.

2) Kindness makes understanding possible.

3) Achieving understanding also requires active communication, that is, proactive approach, candid communication, and careful understanding.

4) You must also be considerate, full of goodwill, careful and considerate, and take the initiative to understand others.

4. What is tolerance?

Answer: Tolerance is to treat viewpoints and opinions that are different from one's own, personalities and interests that are different from one's own, and even the faults and offenses of others with an understanding and tolerant mentality and behavior, so as to achieve a harmonious relationship between people and others. Human diversity and cooperation.

(Tolerance is a virtue and a state of mind. Tolerance is principled, not blind.)

5. What is the function (meaning) of tolerance:

Answer: Tolerance is a virtue. Only with tolerance can you achieve success, only with tolerance can you create, and only with tolerance can you achieve success.

6. How to correctly understand tolerance?

Answer: Tolerance does not mean giving up one’s own independent thinking and opinions, blindly catering to others for the sake of harmony, insisting on what one thinks is right, while accommodating other people’s reasonable opinions, maintaining personal creativity while maintaining collective cooperation.

7. How to cultivate a spirit of tolerance?

Answer: 1) Cultivating a spirit of tolerance requires a correct understanding of oneself.

2) Cultivating a spirit of tolerance requires continuous pursuit of knowledge.

3) Cultivating a spirit of tolerance is a manifestation of good cultivation and noble temperament.

4) Cultivating a spirit of tolerance requires learning to control one's own emotions.

3.2 Appreciation and Praise

1. What is appreciating others (the meaning of appreciation)?

Answer: To appreciate others is to discover, feel and absorb the beauty and loveliness shown by others with a happy attitude. As long as you have a heart that is willing to appreciate, you will have a pair of people who understand Appreciative eye.

2. What is the significance of learning to appreciate?

Answer: Appreciation and praise are the secret to making yourself and others happy, and can harmonize interpersonal relationships. Appreciation is the embodiment of aesthetic ability and a positive attitude towards life. Learn to appreciate and be good at discovery, and you will have a broader vision. Wide open. Being able to appreciate others is an inexhaustible wealth in life.

3. How to appreciate others? (How to discover the beauty in others?)

Answer: Discover the physical beauty, character beauty and profound beauty of others and express it through smiles and words

4. How should we praise others ( What should I pay attention to when praising)?

Answer: 1) We should actively praise others. Sincere praise is a beautiful way to promote continuous improvement.

2) Subtly roundabout praise is a good method of criticism.

3) Praising others must be sincere.

3.3 Competition and Cooperation

1. Talk about your understanding of competition (what role does competition play in human development and social progress)

Answer : Competition has a positive effect: Competition is the driving force for progress, can stimulate people's ambition and creativity, enable individuals to explore and display their wisdom and strength, make our collective more vibrant, and accelerate the development of various undertakings. Accelerate social progress.

Competition has a negative impact: it makes the winner develop arrogance, and the loser loses confidence and develops a sense of inferiority; the pressure of competition can produce tension and anxiety, jealousy, and even in order to win. Doing unscrupulous means and doing things that are detrimental to one's character.

2. How to understand that competition is the driving force for progress.

Answer: 1) Competition is the driving force for personal advancement.

2) Competition is the driving force for collective progress.

3) Competition is the driving force for national social development.

3. What are the conditions required to turn pressure into motivation?

Answer: It is necessary to exercise tenacious perseverance and establish firm confidence.

4. How do we face the pressure of competition?

Answer: 1) Turn pressure into motivation.

2) Exercise your own psychological quality. Learn to face competition, not to be timid, not to escape, not to let yourself be overwhelmed by pressure, but to face the pressure bravely.

3) In the face of competitive pressure, you must also adopt legitimate methods and stick to your own personality.

4) Middle school students must adapt to competition and must have high standards and strict requirements for various examinations and competitions.

5. Why does social life require both competition and unity and cooperation? (What is the importance and significance of unity and cooperation)

Answer: 1) In social life, everyone Individuals need the help of others and cannot do without the strength of the collective.

2) Most of the great undertakings throughout the ages have been achieved through unity and cooperation.

3) It is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation to value unity and cooperation.

4) Everyone works together, works together, improves together, actively communicates and understands, and is friendly and tolerant to each other. Only by cooperating with others can we have the courage to face difficulties and the strength to overcome them.

5) To create a beautiful society where everyone can enjoy and win, two conditions must be met: first, a good competition incentive mechanism, and second, a spirit of solidarity and mutual help among people.

6. Tell us what you think of team spirit?

Answer: Team spirit is the group spirit formed within the team of consistency, mutual support, close cooperation, and selfless dedication. In school, team spirit is reflected in school spirit, class spirit and various activities. The core of team spirit is collectivism, cooperation, sharing and dedication, and personal interests being subordinated to the interests of the team. Cooperation in competition requires us to form a team spirit.

7. Talk about your inspiration after learning this lesson:

Answer: ① In daily life, you can actively participate in competition and feel the positive effects of competition. The role of competition, correctly understand the negative impact of competition, and work hard to overcome it;

② Be a qualified competitor, cultivate a healthy sense of competition, dare to surpass yourself, and develop your potential; ③ In daily life, be able to Actively cooperate with others, cultivate your own cooperation ability, and share the success and joy brought by sincere cooperation;

④ Learn to cooperate in competition, respect competitors, help and learn from each other with classmates, and improve each other , so that everyone can learn from each other's strengths and make progress together;

⑤ Learn to compete in cooperation, learn from others humbly, cultivate team spirit, and constantly exercise your competitive skills.

Unit 4: Mind the World

4.1 Caring for the Society

1. Comparing the differences in social necessities, food, housing and transportation before and after reform and opening up? What is the main reason for the rapid development of society?

Answer: Before reform and opening up, there was an era of scarcity of materials. Daily necessities were scarce, food, clothing, housing and transportation were rudimentary, cultural life was monotonous, and economic development was slow. After reform and opening up, material life was abundant, people's living standards improved rapidly, and cultural life was rich.

The main reason for these achievements is the persistence of reform and opening up and the hard work of the people across the country

2. What does the rapid decline of my country's Engel coefficient mean?

Answer: The rapid decline of my country's Engel coefficient shows that in addition to food consumption expenditure, our people have more money to spend on other aspects of consumption, indicating that the living standards and quality of our people are rapidly improving.

3. What social problems exist in our society?

Answer: 1) Mainly due to the heavy population burden. The increase in population has led to resource shortages, huge consumption, and less and less resources per capita, and the resulting environmental deterioration, employment pressure, wealth gap, and corruption. Crime, decline in social morale, etc.)

4. What impact do these problems have on the improvement of our economy and people's lives?

Answer: It directly affects the sustainable development of my country's social economy and the improvement of people's living standards.

5. Faced with these problems, what should we do?

Answer: In the face of these problems, we must control the population quantity, improve the quality of the population, conserve and rationally develop and utilize resources, protect the environment, and follow the path of sustainable development.

6. What are the characteristics of my country’s population, resources and environment?

Answer: 1) The population base is large, the new population is large, and the quality of the population is low. There are 900 million farmers among a population of 1.3 billion.

2) my country has a large total amount of resources and many types. It is a country with large resources, but the per capita possession is small and it is also a small country with small resources.

3) my country’s environmental pollution and environmental damage are serious.

7. What is a sense of urgency?

Answer: Awareness of worry refers to a person's inner concern for interests, honors, disgrace, success or failure that transcends one's own, and the future and destiny of the society, country, and people. He is concerned about the future and destiny of the society, country, and people. Be alert to difficulties and dangers, and thus inspire the determination and courage to strive for strength and overcome difficulties.

8. Why should we cultivate a sense of urgency? How to cultivate a sense of urgency?

Answer: The sense of urgency is one of the spiritual traditions of the Chinese nation since ancient times. It represents a noble personality trait and can establish a sense of historical mission and social responsibility. To cultivate a sense of urgency, one must be prepared and accumulate knowledge. Knowledge, exercise ability, and contribute to society.

9. Why should we pay attention to social issues, serve the society, care for the society and make a difference?

Answer: 1) Because these problems directly affect the sustainable development of my country's social economy and the improvement of people's living standards.

2) Cultivate our awareness of emergencies, be prepared, accumulate knowledge, exercise abilities, and contribute to society.

3) Cultivate awareness of giving back to society and develop pro-social behavioral habits, exercise social practice abilities, and develop good behavioral habits.

4) Actively participating in social welfare activities and serving the public is an important way for us to repay the society.

5) Actively participating in public welfare and establishing a spirit of serving the society are modern citizens Essential qualities.

10. What is the purpose and significance of community service activities?

Answer: Cultivate the awareness of giving back to society and develop pro-social behavioral habits, exercise social practice abilities, and develop good behavioral habits.

11. Give examples of what prosocial behavior is? How to develop prosocial behavior habits?

Answer: 1): I can take the initiative to give up my seat on the bus, make donations and actively participate in charity activities. I can ask classmates for homework questions, I can help explain them seriously and humbly, and I have a sense of honor for the class. Dear Social behavior is the behavior that people show in their interactions that is beneficial to society and others.

2) Be able to sympathize and care for people who encounter setbacks and misfortunes, lend a helping hand to people in difficulties and dangers, cooperate with others in the same cause, and be able to face interests. Share it with others. Being able to do this frequently in daily life means developing prosocial behavioral habits, that is, making being beneficial to society and others a basic way for us to behave in the world.

4.2 Love the motherland

1. Why should we love the motherland?

Answer: The rise and fall of the motherland affects the emotions of children. The motherland is the support of children. The motherland is poor and weak, and the people suffer. If the motherland initially prospers, the people will live and work in peace and contentment. The motherland is closely connected with the destiny of the individual.

2. What is the status and value of national culture?

Answer: Five thousand years of culture is the wealth of the Chinese people. It has created our national soul and raised a generation of Chinese people and Chinese teenagers.

3. How to treat the traditional national culture and carry forward the national spirit?

Answer: It is our unshirkable responsibility to inherit the culture of our nation. We must cherish the excellent cultural traditions and maintain the cultural characteristics of our nation. First of all, you must become a person with national cultural literacy and understand and appreciate the essence of national culture in various ways. Secondly, we must sublate traditional culture, take its essence and discard the dross. Once again, it is the mission of our younger generation to carry forward the national spirit.

4. How to make yourself a person with national cultural literacy?

Answer: 1) Classroom learning 2) Extracurricular reading, art appreciation, social investigation 3) Studying classics, 4) Contact with traditional culture, monuments and folk customs.

5. What is the dross of traditional culture?

Answer: The old culture and morals such as hierarchical order, unconditional obedience to the old system of ancestors, maintaining the status quo, men being superior to women, and passive patience are the dross that we must abandon today.

6. What kind of great national spirit has the Chinese nation formed?

Answer: Form a great national spirit of unity with patriotism as the core, peace-loving, diligence, courage, and self-improvement.

7. List the famous aphorisms that embody the spirit of the Chinese nation.

Answer: Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world; as Heaven moves forward, gentlemen strive to constantly strive for self-improvement.

8. How do young people carry forward the national spirit?

Answer: Inherit Chinese virtues, establish lofty ideals and aspirations, consciously fulfill social responsibilities, be determined to become talented, study diligently, be brave in practice, and work hard , selfless dedication, cultivate innovative spirit and ability

9. How to cultivate patriotic sentiment?

Answer: Study Chinese history seriously, understand China’s extensive and profound culture, and establish national pride and self-confidence. Be attentive, pay attention to national affairs, seriously participate in the flag-raising ceremony, love your hometown, and fight against actions that split the motherland's reunification.

4.3 Looking at the world

1. What are the characteristics of world culture?

Answer: 1) The culture of various countries and nations in the world is an important part of world civilization. In part, it is the wealth of mankind.

2) World cultures are diverse and complex, and at the same time they are closely connected with each other.

3) Different cultures have the same reasonable core, that is, sincerity, kindness, friendship, and peace, which are the common values ??of human civilization.

2. How to correctly treat cultural differences in other countries and ethnic groups?

Answer: (1) Equal communication and mutual tolerance are the bridges of communication

(2) When facing different countries and nationalities, we should adopt an attitude of understanding, tolerance, equality, respect, and objectivity , learn the art of friendly interaction with people of different cultural backgrounds: ① respect other people’s customs and beliefs, ② tolerate the differences between others and ourselves, ③ appreciate the characteristics and strengths of others, ④ show a friendly and enthusiastic attitude, neither humble nor arrogant, self-esteem and self-confidence.

3. What is the situation in the international community today?

The theme of today's international society is peace and development, but there are still contradictions, confrontations, conflicts and wars in some places.

4. What are the root causes of local conflicts and wars?

Answer: Competition for national interests, differences in national culture, and estrangements between different beliefs and ideologies have become various conflicts. the root of.

5. Why should we oppose violence?

Answer: Power will only intensify confrontation and conflict, and violence will only create new confrontation and pain. War can only bring about the destruction of life, wealth, and civilization, and cause endless disasters to the people.

6. What should people of all countries do to overcome the disaster of war?

Answer: Only through sincere communication, understanding and tolerance, and equal consultation can conflicts be eliminated and resolved. Only peace*** Only in this place can mankind have a safe and enjoyable tomorrow.

7. What are the troubling factors that affect the development of the international community and are faced by all human beings?

Answer: Population pressure, environmental pollution, resource depletion, security threats, and imbalanced development.

8. What should young people do for peaceful development?

Answer: Establish global awareness, cherish a peaceful environment, oppose division and war, study hard, master skills, and contribute to mankind.

Examples of practice and inquiry questions

1. Hold a class meeting with the theme of "Self-esteem and Confidence"

Answer: The theme of the class meeting: Becoming a self-esteem and confident middle school student

Activity format: questionnaire, discussion, speech contest, slogan promotion

Activity steps: 1) The host announces the start of the activity, 2) Ask the head teacher to talk about the importance of self-esteem and self-confidence, 3) Watch the film and television clip of "Thousand-Hand Guanyin", 4) student discussion, representative speech, 5) end of activity, stand up and sing the theme song.

2. Hold a class meeting with the theme of "Responsibility"

Answer: Activity theme: Take responsibility, grow up healthily and be a responsible person

Form of the activity : Discussion, speech contest, slogan promotion

Activity steps: 1) The host announces the start of the activity,

2) Ask the head teacher to talk about the importance of taking responsibility,

3) Watch the film and television clips of the film "Eternal Monument",

4) Students discuss and representatives speak,

5) At the end of the event, everyone stands up and sings the national anthem.

3. Organize a debate competition with the theme of "Integrity":

(1) Topic: How to be an honest person.

(2) Determine relevant debate topics, such as "courtesy and integrity", "competition and integrity", "whether honest people suffer losses", "honesty and lies", etc.

(3) The organization of the debate competition must have a moderator and invite judges. The debaters shall be composed of first, second, third and fourth debaters respectively, and shall be conducted in accordance with the formal competition procedures, consisting of the affirmative and the negative. Debate within the time specified by the teacher.

4. Make a blackboard newspaper with the title "Integrity":

Activity theme: Integrity, starts with me

Column settings: 1) Relevant famous quotes 2) The importance of being honest and doing things with integrity 3) Deeds of honest people 4) Do not cheat, do not plagiarize, and maintain campus integrity 5) Postscript.

5. Design of activity plan with the theme of "Love"

Activity theme: Hand in hand, show love, let the world have more warmth

Activity format : Slogan promotion, questionnaire survey, field inspection, online search

Activity slogan: Give your love and the world will become more exciting. Giving love is everyone’s responsibility, starting with me

Action steps and processes: 1) Activity preparation, slogan promotion 2) Making love bags, recycling and utilization of campus garbage 3) For the Hope Project Love donation 4) Summary of activity experience and write a postscript

Purpose and significance of the activity: Cultivate the awareness of giving back to society and develop pro-social behavioral habits, exercise social practice abilities, and develop good behavioral habits of caring for the environment.