How teachers guide junior high school students to review Chinese language

Chinese: High School Entrance Examination Chinese Review Strategies

Dear teachers: Good afternoon, everyone. I have been entrusted by the County Chinese Teaching and Research Office to report to you on the ninth-grade Chinese review plan and methods in our school. , if there is any inappropriateness, please criticize and correct it.

1. Review guiding ideology: Taking the "Chinese Curriculum Objectives" for grades 7-9 of the "Chinese Curriculum Standards" as a guideline, based on the teaching materials and combined with students' actual conditions, research review methods, facing all students, comprehensively and systematically improve students’ Chinese skills and comprehensive literacy.

2. Review goals: Through review, students will have a clear and systematic understanding of the basic Chinese knowledge in junior high school, strengthen students’ reading comprehension and language expression skills, and improve students’ use of Chinese knowledge to solve problems. Ability to solve practical problems. We strive to achieve greater breakthroughs in the comprehensive evaluation indicators of the Chinese subject in this year's high school entrance examination.

3. Review principles: 1. Clear goals and base on teaching materials. Teachers should carefully study the "Chinese Language Examination Standards", clarify the scope and objectives of the examination, and make scientific analysis and predictions on the trends and types of questions so that they can be targeted during the review process. Chinese language review should be based on textbooks, summarize and summarize knowledge points according to the outline requirements, grasp the key points and difficulties of each lesson, supplemented by appropriate exercises; and continuously extend from in-class to out-of-class. During review, representative training questions and simulation questions should be selected for training to cultivate students' ability to independently analyze and solve problems.

2. Everyone participates and meets the standards at different levels. The main body of the review class is the students. Teachers should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all students. Especially in the current situation where all students participate in the evaluation, teachers should not only focus on a few "top students", but should pay more attention to those basic students. Students who are not solid and have difficulty learning. Different requirements should be put forward for students at different levels. Top students can be "released" appropriately, average students should be "introduced", and underachievers need to be "supported".

3. Strengthen the foundation and highlight the key points. In view of the strong basic characteristics of the high school entrance examination questions, teachers should properly sort out the Chinese knowledge and basic topics required in the syllabus and new curriculum standards. Only by sorting out the clues can students have clear ideas and have better review experience. Effect. Reading comprehension and composition are the “highlights” of Chinese language review, and teachers should provide more guidance. When conducting reading training, students should be taught some methods of thinking and solving problems according to the characteristics of different styles of literature, so as to truly "teach them how to fish", combined with targeted training, and draw inferences from one example, thereby improving students' independent reading ability. Composition review should focus on the guidance of "quick composition", training in conception, material selection, conception, language and other aspects, downplaying stylistic requirements and promoting innovation awareness.

4. Combining point and aspect, synchronizing teaching and practice. The entire review process is divided into four stages: 1. (Early March to late April) Special review: Review based on the new navigation mark of the Xuzhou High School Entrance Examination. 2. (Late April to mid-May to check for missing vacancies): Make a summary of the first stage of review and consolidate training; 3. (Mid-May to mid-May for key breakthroughs): For students who have difficulties in review Make key breakthroughs on the knowledge points and strengthen the guidance of extracurricular reading; 4. (Early June to mid-June) Summary test: comprehensively summarize the review situation, check the review effect, and simulate the test.

5. Unite and cooperate to make progress together. Based on the principle of learning from each other and drawing on each other's strengths, we will strengthen the exchange of experience and information sharing among teachers in the same subject, promote team spirit, and strive for common progress.

4. Review methods and measures: Carry out in three steps according to each question type in the high school entrance examination:

1. Classical Chinese review

Classical Chinese reading is a review of classical Chinese knowledge A comprehensive examination, this kind of test questions is designed from both horizontal (words, words, sentences, articles) and vertical (article content and critical inheritance, etc.) aspects, so the test questions involve rich content, and the time spent in review should be focused on Make a fuss about the breadth of the surface and the depth of it.

The scope of the test is basically the famous passages required to be recited in the junior middle school teaching readings. When we guide review, we not only require students to recite each chapter and implement every word, but also "to be able to understand, apply, summarize and transfer well". Especially for words that are often mistaken in daily dictation, it is necessary to "review" them from time to time, and clearly tell students the scoring standards: if one word is wrong, the entire "set" will be lost.

The scope of the in-class classical Chinese examination is the reading materials taught in junior high schools.

When reviewing, you must focus on the key points and set the right direction. Choose and focus on review content based on the scope and requirements of the exam syllabus and your own familiarity. Generally examine the meaning and usage of common content words and function words in classical Chinese. Content words often examine words with multiple meanings, ancient and modern synonyms, and inflected parts of speech; the examination of sentences focuses on the sentence structure and meaning of key sentences; the examination of content is basically similar to that of modern writing. From words, phrases, sentences to literary common sense to thoughts, feelings, expression techniques, etc., the main points must be highlighted and the rules must be summarized. Second, choose a good chapter. Select those articles in the teaching reading list that are both beautiful in quality and in quality. They are often the most typical articles in classical Chinese and have the widest coverage of knowledge. This review can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

In recent years, most extracurricular classical Chinese readings for high school entrance examinations have chosen story-type and simple reasoning passages. The content is relatively simple, and the examination content is basically similar to the in-class part. When answering questions, you must pay attention to the connection with the texts or knowledge points learned in class, and pay attention to the transfer and application from in-class to extra-curricular. When answering questions, you must boldly guess and understand the meaning of the text based on your sense of language, grasp key phrases, and understand based on your own life experience. answer.

Classical Chinese reading questions are mainly divided into two categories.

The first is the explanation and translation category. The ideas for answering such questions are:

(1) Roughly know the general idea of ??the whole text and grasp the tendency of the text.

(2) Know the meaning of the translated sentence in detail, translate it word for word, and do substitutions, retentions, deletions, additions, and adjustments. Pay attention to the key words in the sentence when translating. These words are often scoring points.

(3) The meaning of words in the text can also be deduced from modern words and idioms.

(4) In addition, attention should be paid to special phenomena such as the inflection of parts of speech, ancient and modern synonyms, common falsehoods, partial meanings and compound words, and some special sentence patterns (such as judgment sentences, inversion sentences, and omitted sentences).

(5) If literal translation does not make sense, use free translation. It must be deduced based on the context, not rigidly adhere to the structure of the original text, and boldly inferred in connection with the actual life.

The second is revelation. When answering this type of question, you should pay attention to your ideological tendency, grasp the author's basic emotional stance, connect the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the critical sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and aspects.

2． Review of modern literature

Review of modern literature includes review of narrative, expository and argumentative essays. Comprehensively review and systematically summarize the knowledge points to be tested.

The first stage: from the end of February to the end of March, sort out the general characteristics and basic knowledge of various styles.

The second stage: from the beginning of April to mid-May, Conduct special testing and guidance on each test point to further consolidate and improve students.

The third stage: from mid-May to the high school entrance examination, comprehensive tests and knowledge points will be checked to fill in the gaps. The test is conducted in the form of mock questions for the high school entrance examination.

The key is that the purpose of doing the questions must be clear: not to guess or guess the questions, but to find ideas for doing the questions. Therefore, you should do the right amount of questions and pay attention to the quality of the questions. By doing the questions, pay attention to summarizing: what kind of questions, how to consider them, and from what angles to answer them, and it is best to understand the scoring standards of some questions. After doing too many questions, we will summarize some rules. For example, for questions about imitating sentences, you should think about the sentence structure and sentence content, otherwise you may lose half of your points; for questions about finding the meaning of words, generally Find the answer from the text above, and it is best to read it into the original text. If the meaning remains the same, it means it is correct. For another example, questions that summarize the main content should generally be found from summary sentences, summary sentences or transitional sentences; for self-proposed questions, the quality of the question must be considered, the questions and answers must be consistent, and the answers must be correct. In recent years, open-ended short-answer questions often appear in Chinese language test questions. For this type of questions, attention should be paid to closely following the requirements or materials to put forward opinions (viewpoints), and then analyze as required, or give examples, or quote famous quotes, briefly analyze, and then complete the statement. Just wait and see. During the review process, by doing the questions and paying attention to the rules of induction, you can get twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, it is not about doing too many questions, but about being precise.

It is necessary to grasp the "test points" and master the answering skills. In recent years, most of the selected articles for modern literature reading in the high school entrance examination are a prose that focuses on lyrical argumentation (famous essays of the time), an explanatory essay on natural science and technology or ecological environment, and an essay-style argumentative essay. Therefore, in the final review, you should select as many relevant types of articles as possible for practice in the "Practice in class" article selection.

In addition, when setting up reading questions, they are generally tested in the order of "whole - part - whole". When answering questions, you should firmly remember: "The answer is not in your mind, the answer is only in the original text." No matter what the circumstances, the answer must not only reflect your personality and unique insights, but also be faithful to the original text and the author. proposition. At the same time, this is also the only criterion for us to test the effectiveness of the solution. The examination of any passage focuses on two aspects, one is the screening of information, and the other is the understanding and analysis of the reading materials. During reading review, you should pay attention to the connections between sentences and paragraphs, understand the author's point of view and the writing intention of the article, grasp the article as a whole, and first figure out "what is written" and "why it is written" These two questions. The most important and effective method is to "pitch out of the boat" - look for clues in the original text to find the answer. For example, overall perception questions often require candidates to answer questions such as "What is the main content of the article" or "What is the author's main point of view". When answering this type of question, you should consider three aspects when answering: first, look at the title, second, look at the beginning and end, and third, look for argumentative and lyrical sentences. These commonly used methods and ideas must be memorized. For another example, students think that the most difficult question to answer is "understanding the meaning and function of a sentence." We can answer this question: first observe the characteristics and position of the sentence, analyze its role in meaning and structure; combined with the context, grasp Focus on the most critical words in the sentence expression and point out its contextual meaning. Most of these questions test sentences that play a key role in the expression of the article, or sentences that use metaphors, rhetorical questions and other rhetorical techniques. Therefore, analyzing and grasping the characteristics of sentences is the key to doing this type of questions well. There are certain ideas and methods for answering various question types, so do not be blind when answering reading questions.

3. Writing training

Writing training is conducted once a week to improve students' writing skills through special training on writing and evaluation. Composition guidance focuses on narrative writing guidance, requiring students to accurately review topics, correctly select materials, concepts, and structure articles, comprehensively use various expressions to serve the center of the article, write correctly on the blackboard, and have neat handwriting, laying the foundation for good writing. .

Composition training focuses on famous works, imitating their layout, deliberately selecting novel materials and novel content, and strives to enable each student to write a good narrative and explain the person or event clearly and completely. Hold lectures on writing knowledge so that students have something to write about and know what to write with. Find some typical writing and narrative essays, guide students to analyze them, and conduct detailed evaluation starting from the topic conception, material selection, etc., so that students will not blindly write after getting the topic. List some composition content and which topics it is applicable to, so that students can keep their compositions on topic and basically find the right direction to improve students' writing ability.

Looking at the track of changes in composition propositions in the high school entrance examination over the past few years, it is not difficult to find that composition propositions are moving towards "life-oriented propositions, guiding students to pay attention to themselves, love reading, love life, pay attention to society, and understand others." With the development of perspective, the content of writing is constantly expanding, the subject matter of writing has moved from school life to broader social life, and the form of writing has changed from single to diversified.

In the final stage, students should take the initiative to read more and read more newspapers, broaden their horizons, understand the information of the times, grasp the pulse of the times, make full use of their spare time to read the works of famous writers or the Chinese and foreign classics recommended in the text, and learn from others. The language style, composition skills, accumulate materials for writing, and add fresh blood. In writing, we must be good at looking at the big picture and starting from the small, turning big topics into small things, using small things to see the big things, and learn to "see sunshine in a drop of water" and "talk about human feelings in half a flower"; be good at association and express your personality. Let the article reflect your sincere feelings and rich literary accumulation, be both elegant and beautiful, and be full of life.

In addition, students must be educated to understand that in order to obtain high scores in composition, they must master certain skills, which is packaging. Write neatly and neatly, without using correction fluid or scribbling, and win first impression points from the marking teacher. Use all your skills to make a good beginning and a good end, and win the marking teacher's happy and generous points. I racked my brains and guts to quote famous quotes, wise words, and fashionable new words into the article, which won the marking teacher's refreshing appreciation points. Show off your individuality, dare to break the traditional rules, do nothing but do nothing, and become a blockbuster, winning the marking teacher's heart-pounding and shocking points.

In short, how to do a good job in Chinese review is a teaching technology and a teaching art, which is worthy of research and exploration by every Chinese teacher.

As long as we think about the students, proceed from the students' actual conditions, and do a solid job in Chinese review, I believe that the students' Chinese ability will definitely be improved on the original basis.