Talk about what you know about the guiding and predicting effects of the twenty-four solar terms on people’s production and life.

Twenty-four solar terms table

Check the detailed twenty-four solar terms table: Beginning of Spring (February 3-5) Rain (February 18-20) Waking of Insects (Festival on March 5-7)

Spring Equinox (Festival on March 20-22) Qingming (Festival on April 4-6) Guyu (Festival on April 19-21)

Summer Beginning of Summer (Festival on May 5-7) Xiaoman (Festival on May 20-22) Mangzhong (Festival on June 5-7)

Summer Solstice ( The festival falls on June 21-22) Minor Heat (the festival falls on July 6-8) The Great Heat (the festival falls on July 22-24)

The Beginning of Autumn (the festival falls on August 7-9) End of Heat (festival on August 22-24) White Dew (festival on September 7-9) Autumnal Equinox (festival on September 22-24) Cold Dew (festival on October 8-9 ) Frost's Descent (the festival falls on October 23-24)

The Beginning of Winter (the festival falls on November 7-8) Light Snow (the festival falls on November 22-23) Heavy Snow (the festival falls on December 6-8 Festival)

Winter Solstice (Festival on December 21-23) Minor Cold (Festival on January 5-7) Dahan (Festival on January 20-21)

The origin of the twenty-four solar terms

The most common calendar in the world is the solar calendar, while the Chinese calendar mostly uses the "lunar calendar". The "lunar calendar" is also called the "summer calendar", which corresponds to the "solar calendar" which is also called the "lunar calendar" ” is a traditional folk festival in our country and the crystallization of the ancient civilization and wisdom of the Chinese nation.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, people already had the concept of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. During the Warring States Period, Shi Shen, a man from the Wei State, compiled a chart including the twenty-eight constellations and the relationship between the five planets of metal, wood, water, fire and earth. The star chart, which is the world's first star chart, marks that Chinese astronomy has entered a new era.

The Gregorian calendar is calculated based on the time it takes for the earth to revolve around the sun. This week is 365 days, 5 hours, 48 ??minutes and 46 seconds. For convenience, 365 days are used as a year, and it is set every four years. A leap month increases February's original 28 days to 29 days.

The lunar calendar uses the moon's waxing and waning cycle as the calculation unit. This cycle is roughly 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 4 seconds. Therefore, the big month has 30 days and the small month has 29 days. The real lunar calendar has There are only 354 days in a year, which is 11 days less than the solar calendar. In order to make it comply with the cycle of hot and cold weather changes, an extra month is added every two or three years, which is called a "leap month". Therefore, in ancient my country, there was The name "Thirteenth Month" was later used to set the leap month using the method of "7 leap months in 19 years". Currently, under scientific guidance, leap month settings are more accurate.

In order to fully reflect the changes in seasonal climate, ancient astronomers used the "Tugui" heliometry method as early as the Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period to determine the vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumnal equinox, and winter solstice, and based on the sun's movement within a year The position changes on the ecliptic and the resulting sequence of evolution of the ground climate divide the whole year into twenty-four equal parts and give each equal part a name. This is the origin of the twenty-four solar terms.

The twenty-four solar terms are: Beginning of Spring, Rain, Waking of Insects, Vernal Equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain, Beginning of Summer, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Minor Heat, Great Heat, Beginning of Autumn, End of Summer, White Dew, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, Frost Descent , Beginning of Winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice, light cold and severe cold. Each solar term is approximately half a month apart and divided into twelve months. Those at the beginning of the month are called solar terms, and those in the middle of the month are called "Zhong Qi". The so-called "Qi" means weather and climate.

The twenty-four solar terms point out climate change, rainfall amount and frost period. They are the result of long-term observation, exploration and summary of astronomy, meteorology and physical conditions by the working people of our country. They have very important and far-reaching implications for farming. The impact is generally more applicable to agricultural activities in the Yellow River Basin.

Since the Western Han Dynasty, the twenty-four solar terms have been used throughout the generations to guide agricultural production in keeping with the farming season, arrange farm work according to the solar terms, and carry out agricultural activities such as sowing, field management, and harvesting. For thousands of years, it has been an "agricultural climate calendar" that has been valued by farmers.

The Twenty-Four Solar Terms and the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac

Similar to the twenty-four solar terms, the ancient zodiac also started from the vernal equinox and divided the zodiac into 12 equal parts. , so the start and end dates of the twelve constellations in astrology or the day before and after them must be the middle of the twenty-four solar terms.

Picture: Twenty-four solar terms and the twelve constellations of the zodiac

Note: The celestial longitudes corresponding to the twelve constellations were set more than 2,000 years ago. Due to the rotation of the earth’s axis Swinging, the observed position of the constellation is no longer consistent with the celestial longitude.

The solar terms have a corresponding relationship with the zodiac signs in Western culture. But the zodiac is a period of time, not a point in time.

Aries corresponds to the Spring Equinox to Guyu

Taurus corresponds to Guyu to Xiaoman

Gemini corresponds to Xiaoman to Summer Solstice

Cancer corresponds to Summer Solstice To the Great Heat

Leo corresponds to the Great Summer to the Great Summer

Virgo corresponds to the Summer to the Autumn Equinox

Libra corresponds to the Autumn Equinox to the Frost

Scorpio Corresponds to frost to light snow

Sagittarius corresponds to light snow to winter solstice

Capricorn corresponds to winter solstice to severe cold

Aquarius corresponds to severe cold to rain

Pisces corresponds to the rain to the vernal equinox

The time that the sun goes through every 15 degrees of the ecliptic longitude from zero degrees along the ecliptic longitude is called "a solar term." It runs 360 degrees every year and experiences 24 solar terms, 2 per month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is the "solar term", which is the 12 solar terms of Beginning of Spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Beginning of Summer, Mang Zhong, Xiaoshu, Beginning of Autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, Beginning of Winter, Heavy Snow and Xiaohan; the second solar term of each month is It is the "Zhongqi", which is the 12 solar terms: rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, severe heat, extreme heat, autumnal equinox, frost, light snow, winter solstice and severe cold. "solar terms" and "zhong qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have collectively referred to "solar terms" and "zhong qi" as "solar terms".

Modern people have accurately determined the specific times of the twenty-four solar terms based on the position of the sun on the ecliptic:

Spring

The sun at the beginning of spring is located at 315 ecliptic longitude degree, February 2-5, the intersection

The rain sun is located at 330 degrees of longitude, and the intersection is February 18-20

The Jingzhe sun is located at 345 degrees of longitude, in March Junction Day on May 5th-7th

The sun is at 0 degrees longitude on the Spring Equinox, Junction Day on March 20-22

The sun is at 15 degrees longitude on Qingming Festival, April 4-6 Jiaojie

The sun in Grain Rain is at 30 degrees longitude, April 19-21. Jiaojie

Summer

The sun in Beginning of Summer is at 45 degrees longitude, in May Junction Day from May 5th to 7th

Xiaoman Sun is located at 60 degrees of longitude, and Junction Day is from May 20th to 22nd

Mangzhong Sun is located at 75th longitude from June 5th to 7th Jiaojie

On the Summer Solstice, the sun is located at 90 degrees longitude, and the Jiaojie Festival is on June 21-22

In the Xiaoshu, the sun is located at 105 degrees longitude, and the Jiaojie Festival is on July 6-8

The sun in Great Summer is at 120 degrees longitude, July 22-24

Autumn

The sun in Beginning of Autumn is at 135 degrees longitude, August 7-9 Jiaojie

The summer sun is located at 150 degrees longitude, and the Jiaojie is from August 22 to 24.

The Bailu sun is located at 165 degrees longitude, and the Jiaojie is from September 7 to 9

The autumnal equinox sun is located at 180 degrees longitude, and the festival is from September 22 to 24.

The cold dew sun is located at 195 degrees longitude, and the festival is from October 8 to 9

The frost sun is located at 210 degrees longitude, and the festival is on October 23-24

Winter

The sun in Beginning of Winter is located at 225 degrees longitude, and the festival is on November 7-8

The sun in light snow is located at 240 degrees longitude, and the festival is on November 22-23

The sun in heavy snow is located at 255 degrees longitude, and the festival is on December 6-8

The winter solstice sun is located at 270 degrees celestial longitude, and the festival is on December 21-23

The Lesser Han sun is located at 285 degrees celestial longitude, and the festival is on January 5-7

The Great Cold sun is located at The ecliptic longitude is 300 degrees, and the festival is January 20-21

The tropical year, the synodic moon and the twenty-four solar terms

The twenty-four solar terms are based on the position of the sun in the ecliptic (the solar year) It is divided by its position among the stars or on the orbit of the celestial sphere called the ecliptic, which is the orbit of the earth around the sun). As the sun starts from the vernal equinox (zero degrees of ecliptic longitude, the sun shines vertically on the equator at this moment), every 15 degrees it advances is a solar term; it travels for one week and returns to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year, totaling 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms.

Picture: Tropical year, synodic moon and twenty-four solar terms

The day and night are equally divided between the spring and autumn equinoxes, the summer solstice has the longest day (in the northern hemisphere, the same below), the winter solstice has the shortest day, the spring and autumn equinoxes, The summer solstice and winter solstice were the qi originally established by the ancients. Later added were the Beginning of Spring, Beginning of Summer, Beginning of Autumn and Beginning of Winter. As for other solar terms, they are named after common weather phenomena or agricultural activities in that season. These solar terms reflect the climate of the ancient Central Plains to a certain extent. Since the 24 solar terms are based on China's climate, their influence abroad is limited to Japan, North Korea and South Korea, which all have East Asian monsoon climates. The orthodox Chinese twenty-four solar terms are based on Henan.

The lunar calendar stipulates that every month must have a zhongqi. A month without a zhongqi becomes a leap month in the previous month. It turns out that there are 228 lunar months and 235 synodic months in the 19 tropical years, which means there are 7 months without lunar months, and these months without lunar months just become leap months.

1. Solar terms, ballads, proverbs and poetry couplets

2. Solar terms classification

3. The arrangement and meaning of solar terms

4. Twenty Four flower trade winds

5. Proverbs about solar terms from various places

6. Speaking of the twenty-four solar terms

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In order to facilitate memory and praise, the ancients also compiled the twenty-four solar terms into songs, poems and couplets.

1. Solar terms, ballads and proverbs, poetry couplets

1.1. Ballads:

"Spring rain shocks the spring and clears the valley, summer is full of awns and summer heat is connected; autumn dew is exposed, autumn cold frost falls , winter is snowy and winter is cold ("cold and cold" or "cold is even colder"). The dates of the two festivals are determined each month, with a difference of one or two days at most. The first half of the year is 621, and the second half is 823. " /p>

Or it can be said: "Spring rain shocks spring and clears the valley. Summer is full of awns and summer has two consecutive summers. Autumn is exposed, autumn is cold and frost falls, and winter is snowy and winter is cold. The first half of the year is sixty-one, and the second half of the year is eighty-ninety-three. The dates of the two festivals of each month are fixed, with no difference of one or two days at most."

1.2. Twenty-Four Solar Terms Songs

(1)

The plum blossoms at the beginning of spring are particularly special. Gorgeous, red apricot flowers are blooming after rain, thunder is heard in the reed forest, spring equinox butterflies dance among the flowers, kites are flying with broken strings during the Qingming Festival, and emerald green tea leaves are green during the Grain Rain.

The mulberry fruits are like cherries in the Beginning of Summer, Xiaoman is raising silkworms and farming, the jade seedlings planted in Ear are placed in front of the garden, the rice flowers are as white as they are in the summer solstice, the mild summer wind makes the beans ripen early, and the red lotus flowers are enjoyed by the pond in the great summer.

The cicadas at the beginning of autumn are lulling people to sleep, the sunflowers are smiling in the summer heat, the white dew swallows are returning and the geese are coming again, the garden is filled with the fragrance of osmanthus at the autumnal equinox, the fields are green with cold dew vegetable seedlings, and the sky is filled with reed flowers after frost.

The Beginning of Winter heralds the good news and brings three auspicious signs: goose feathers fly in the light snow, the wind blows wildly with heavy snow and plum blossoms, the auspicious snow on the Winter Solstice heralds a good harvest, the wanderers in the Minor Cold return home homesick, and celebrate the reunion at the end of the year in the Great Cold.

(2)

The plum trees in the West Garden are blooming in spring, and the sky is bright and the rain is falling. At the first awakening of insects, carp jump in the river, and butterflies dream among the flowers at the spring equinox. It is good to fly kites during the Qingming Festival, and it is good to raise silkworms in the west wing during Grain Rain.

The peonies are in bloom at the beginning of summer, and hostas are scattered all over the courtyard. Across the stream, there is a fisherman's house in Mangzhong, and the farmland is cultivated during the summer solstice. In Xiaoshu, I am wearing a white Luo shirt. Looking at the river, I am sleeping in the wind during Dashu.

The sunflowers bloom at the beginning of autumn, and I listen to the late cicadas in the west tower during the summer heat. The emerald garden is covered with white dew, and the laurel moon shines in the sky at the autumnal equinox. The cold dew on the dry mountains frightens the swan geese, and the frost falls on the reeds and the red polygonum beach.

Drink in Qilin Pavilion at the beginning of winter, embroider the snow on the undergarment and chant poems. It's snowing in the secluded area, the red stove is warm, and I'm too lazy to play the pipa during the winter solstice. Xiao Han is lying high in Handan dreaming, holding snow floating in the sky to meet the great cold.

(3)

There are two festivals in January, each lasting fifteen days.

At the beginning of spring, the weather is warm and the rainwater and manure are gone. The ground is raked quickly at the start of the hibernation, and the plows are not idle at the spring equinox. Plant more trees during Qingming Festival, and farm during Grain Rain.

Melons and beans are planted at the beginning of summer, but cotton is not planted in Xiaoman. The awns are planted to harvest new wheat, and the fields are plowed at the summer solstice. Minor summer heat is not considered hot, while severe summer heat is dog days.

Plant cabbage at the beginning of autumn and pick new cotton at the end of summer. Dates are harvested during the white dew, and wheat fields are planted during the autumn equinox. After the cold dew has been harvested, frost has turned the ground.

At the beginning of winter, the vegetables are finished and the light snow is plowed. The snowy days have become cold, and the winter solstice changes to long days. Xiaohan is going to be a comprador, and Dahan is celebrating the New Year.

Third, Twenty-Four Solar Terms and Farming Songs

The Beginning of Spring: Six or nine crops are planted at the beginning of spring, spring sowing preparations start early, the year's plan starts in spring, and agricultural production reaches high levels.

Rain: Rain in spring is as precious as oil. Rake and harrow to prevent moisture from running off. Accumulate more fertilizer and harvest more grain. Select the best seeds to win a good harvest.

Jingzhe: The sky warms and the earth warms up, hibernating insects wake up, winter wheat is suppressed to protect moisture, and the land is plowed to plant spring wheat.

Vernal Equinox: The spring equinox brings more wind and less rain, the land thaws and the spring tide begins, the rice fields are leveled and plowed early, and the winter wheat turns green and watered.

Qingming: The grass is green at the beginning of Qingming, a good time to plant melons and beans, plant trees and plant sugar beets, and choose good rice seedlings.

Grain Rain: Grain rain and snow have stopped but frost has not stopped, don’t delay sowing grains, house swallows have returned and their heads are dripping with water, and branches from nurseries are cultivated in orchards.

Beginning of Summer: The wheat seedlings are getting taller and taller in Beginning of Summer. The flat fields should be prepared to plant rice seedlings. Moisture should be preserved by cultivating and weeding. The greenhouses should be well managed to prevent wind.

Xiaoman: Xiaoman is warm and springy, it can prevent aphids and wheat straw flies, topdress fertilizers in rice fields to promote division of evil, and fleece shearing can prevent cold wind.

Grandgrass: There is little rain and high temperature in Graingrass. Corn seedlings are thinned and planted, buckwheat is planted with moisture, and rice fields are plowed and weeded frequently.

Summer Solstice: During the summer solstice, there will be heavy hailstorms. We must remove weeds and select good seeds. The hail will be eliminated and rain will increase, with dry and hot winds. Corns will be topdressed to prevent armyworms.

Small Heat: Xiaoshu has entered the dog days of summer. Longkou competes for food and time. Rice is plowed and soil is cultivated. Rain and fire prevention must not be idle.

Great Heat: During the Great Heat, heavy rains increase. Plant autumn vegetables again to prevent floods. Rice blast is predicted, and seedlings are protected in deep water to prevent low temperatures.

The Beginning of Autumn: The beginning of autumn is the beginning of rain. Prevent and control corn borers as soon as possible, plow the soil deeply to turn it into gold, and pick the heart of the tree in the nursery.

End of summer: The end of summer brings out the beauty of autumn. Beets need to be irrigated, grains and vegetables should be managed diligently, and winter wheat should be prepared for planting and fertilizing.

Bailu: Bailu is cold at night and hot during the day. It is a good time to sow winter wheat, sunflowers are harvested in the rice fields, and early-ripening apples are busy picking.

Autumn Equinox: Autumn Equinox. The rainy days in autumn are getting cooler. The rice is fragrant and the fruits are fragrant. Autumn harvest is busy. The harvest is busy with grinding and threshing. The mountainous areas are protected from frost and listen to the weather.

Cold Dew: In the cold dew, the grass dries up and the geese fly south. The potatoes and beets are busy recovering, but the radish and cabbage are good. The straw is returned to the fields for autumn fertilization.

Frost: Frost brings ice and frost, so we should seize the opportunity to store up moisture in autumn, fill winter water after freezing days, thresh grain and dry grain to build granaries.

The Beginning of Winter: The ground freeze at the beginning of winter subsides during the day, sheep and livestock pens are repaired, fields are prepared and channels are built, and farmland construction reaches a climax.

Light snow: The snow is beginning to fall in the light snow. The saplings and grapes are buried as soon as possible. They use the winter slack to accumulate fertilizer. The crops are running wild without fertilizer.

Heavy snow: Heavy snow heralds a good year, diversified operations will create high yields, raking will ensure good moisture, and more fertilizer will be accumulated to find sources of fertilizer.

Winter Solstice: During the winter solstice, there are nine days of severe cold. Sheep and livestock must be protected from the cold and must attend night technical schools. Increasing production and harvests rely on scientific research.

Xiaohan: Xiaohan enters the third and ninth days, and celebrates New Year's Day with a good harvest and prosperity. He also participates in training courses and constantly sums up new experiences.

Great Cold: Although the Great Cold is cold, farmers are happy, and they can’t praise enough the policies to enrich the people. They will continue to work on production contracting and celebrate the new year happily