Safety precautions for blasting construction

1. Blasting construction safety knowledge

Blasting construction safety knowledge 1. Blasting construction safety wall chart

Blasting construction safety wall chart number: AN2202 Each set 4 sheets specifications: 52cm*72cm

AN2202-01, blasting protection covering method

AN2202-02, production of live line detonator and production of detonating charge roll

AN2202-03, Blasting construction safety technology

AN2202-04, Handling methods of blind blasts

Construction site hygiene wall chart number: AN2201 4 sheets per set Specification: 52cm*72cm

AN2201-01, Basic knowledge of personal hygiene for workers

AN2201-02, Basic knowledge of food hygiene at construction sites

AN2201-03, Basic knowledge of hygiene in construction site dormitories

< p> AN2201-04, construction site health defense measures

2. What are the safety requirements for blasting construction

Due to errors in use, energy is released inadvertently, resulting in frequent blasting accidents. .

According to statistics, blasting accidents account for about 30% of work-related injuries during highway construction. This makes it very necessary to strengthen the construction management of blasting construction and prevent the frequent occurrence of blasting accidents.

1. Principle of blasting: Explosives explode under certain external effects (such as heating, impact), releasing heat and forming high-heat gas. In construction, this property of explosives is used to serve the construction and meet the needs of the project.

The main hazards caused by explosive explosions are explosion earthquakes, air shock waves, flying rocks and noise. Once out of control, accidents will occur. To avoid these hazards, the relevant technical operating procedures for blasting must be followed, the necessary safety distance must be ensured and corresponding technical safety measures must be taken.

2. Preparations before blasting: Understand the relevant local conditions and prepare a specific blasting construction plan that suits the needs of the project. Highway construction involves a lot of stone excavation.

For road sections that need to be excavated by blasting, if there are cables in the air, their plane position and height should be found out; there should also be a check to see if there are pipelines underground. If there are pipelines, their plane position and height should be found out. Burial depth; at the same time, the type of building structure, integrity, distance from the excavation, etc. of the excavation boundary line should be checked, and then a blasting plan should be formulated. .

3. What are the key points in analyzing the causes of explosion safety accidents in safety projects

Based on the identification of dangerous and harmful factors, it is possible to search for hidden dangers, quantitatively calculate the degree of hazards, and determine hazardous positions. Level, analysis of basic events that caused accidents, analysis of control measures to prevent accidents, etc., and these tasks have special safety evaluation methods.

Here are some common methods. For specific applications, please refer to relevant books for detailed introduction.

1. Safety Checklist Method The safety checklist is an important tool for implementing safety inspections and discovering potential hazards. It is a fixed-item safety evaluation method. It is a method to intuitively analyze the risk factors of the evaluation object by comparing relevant standards, regulations, checklists or relying on the observation ability of the analyst and with the help of his experience and judgment ability.

Its advantage is that it is simple and easy to implement; its disadvantage is that it is easily limited by the experience, knowledge and data limitations of analysts. The safety checklist is compiled on the basis of a large amount of practical experience and has the characteristics of wide application range, strong pertinence, strong operability, and simple form.

Checklists play an extremely important role in identifying dangerous and harmful factors. The safety checklist is used to identify dangers and hazards. Safety inspection items in all aspects must be formulated in advance based on safety laws and standards, with reference to corresponding professional knowledge and experience. The inspection content is based on the actual project, and answers "yes" and "no" are item by item. ”, or “yes” or “no”, any clauses that are not met are problems, that is, hidden dangers of accidents. Based on this, the existing dangers can be identified.

2. Analogous inference method The analogous inference method uses accident cases of the same or similar projects, safety production experience and safety accident statistics to infer the risk factors of the evaluation object by analogy. It is also the accumulation and summary of practical experience.

For the same companies, they are very similar in terms of accident categories, injury methods, injury locations, accident probabilities, etc. They are also similar in terms of monitoring data of the working environment, dust concentration, etc., and they comply with the same This shows that its dangers, harmful factors and consequences can be completely derived by analogy. When introducing new engineering projects, you can consider learning from existing similar enterprises of similar scale and equipment level, and use this to identify hazardous and harmful factors with a high degree of confidence.

Analogous inference combined with expert evaluation can leverage the experience, knowledge analysis, and reasoning capabilities of experts, especially analogy analysis of similar devices to identify dangerous and harmful factors, with better results. 3. Fault tree analysis method Fault tree analysis is an analysis method that finds out the causal and logical relationships between various factors related to disasters from results to causes.

Fault tree analysis is one of the important analysis methods in system safety engineering. It follows the principle of deductive method and analyzes the direct cause of each event one by one starting from the top event until the basic event. The possible disaster consequences and possible accident conditions in the system, such as the failure of equipment and devices, the operator's misjudgment, misoperation, and the impact of adjacent places, are expressed in a logical relationship diagram. In the fault analysis, the three major factors related to the accident, namely human, machine and environment, will be involved, so the analysis is comprehensive, thorough and logical.

The analysis process includes finding the minimum cut set and the minimum path set, calculating the structural importance of each basic event, and then analyzing and determining fire and explosion safety countermeasures. The main functions of fault tree analysis are: 1. It can provide a comprehensive description of the various factors and logical relationships that lead to disaster accidents.

2. Facilitate the discovery and identification of inherent and potential risk factors in the system, providing a basis for safety design. 3. Provide a basis for formulating technical measures and adopting management countermeasures.

4. Enable operators to fully understand and master various control points. 5. Conduct cause analysis of the accident that occurred.

4. Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method "Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method" (PHA) includes two aspects. First, refer to the experience and lessons of accidents involving similar products or systems in the past to find out whether the same problems occur in devices and equipment. problems, identify all major hazards related to the system, and identify the causes of hazards. Assuming that the hazard does occur, estimate the consequences and impacts, identify possible ways to eliminate or control the hazard, and propose those responsible for taking and completing corrective measures.

On the other hand, the identified risk hazards are classified according to the hazard consequences and probability of occurrence, and then the risk evaluation index of the risk event is obtained. The level of the risk evaluation index indicates the relative risk of the risk event. The contents of the risk pre-analysis method are summarized in the pre-analysis table.

Qualitative risk estimation can prioritize safety measures according to the size and importance of equipment hazards. The most commonly used risk evaluation index method for qualitative risk estimation is to divide the two factors that determine the risk level of an event: hazard severity and hazard possibility into relative grades according to their characteristics (see Table 11-2 and Table 11-3). A risk evaluation matrix is ??formed and given a certain weighted value to qualitatively measure the risk.

Table 11-2 Severity Grading Table of Accident Consequences Level Description Hazard Consequences I Catastrophic death or system failure II Serious personal injury, serious occupational disease or serious system damage III Mild personal injury Mild injuries, mild occupational diseases or mild damage to the system IV Slight personal injuries or system damage less than level III Table 11-3 Possibility classification table of accidents Level description Specific occurrences of individual items Overall occurrences A Frequent occurrence Occurs continuously B It is likely to occur frequently several times during the life span C Sometimes it may happen several times during the life span D Rarely It does not happen easily during the life span, but it is possible It does not happen easily, but there is reason to expect it to happen E It is unlikely that it will happen, so that it can be ignored. It will not happen easily, but it is possible to happen. 5. Risk assessment method. The risk assessment method draws on the quantitative evaluation of the third stage of the 6-stage safety assessment method of the Ministry of Labor of Japan. surface.

It is stipulated that the unit risk is determined by five items including substance, capacity, temperature, pressure and operation. The risk is assigned and scored according to A=10, B=5, C=2 and D=0 respectively. The risk is calculated by the sum of the scores. and determining hazard levels.

A score of 16 or above is a high-risk unit (Level I), a score of 11 to 15 is a moderate-risk unit (Level II), and a score of less than 10 is a low-risk unit (Level III). Among them The maximum risk level of the unit is used as the equipment risk level. According to the calculation results, more or more reliable safety measures should be taken for units with high risk evaluation.

4. Project supervision coaching knowledge: What are the key points for safety supervision of blasting projects?

The qualifications of the blasting construction unit have been reviewed to meet the requirements, and blasting-related procedures meet the requirements.

The supervision engineer should clearly require the construction unit to establish a unified command system for blasting construction, and check whether blasting operators have received professional training and hold blasting operation certificates. Construction units must formulate management measures for flammable, explosive and other dangerous goods. Blasting construction must be undertaken by professional construction teams and relevant procedures must be completed in a timely manner.

The supervision engineer should check the layout of the blasting equipment processing room, which should be located in a safe location. It is strictly prohibited to modify and process blasting equipment in locations other than the processing room. When blasting equipment must be processed inside the tunnel during long tunnel construction, the safety facilities in the processing tunnel should comply with the relevant provisions of the country's current "Blasting Safety Regulations" (GB6722-2003).

Before charging, the supervision engineer should review the construction unit’s inspection records of the support and blasthole conditions near the blasting working surface. For example, if the mud and lime powder in the blast hole are cleaned, charging is not allowed immediately if the heat of the blast hole is too high; if there is insufficient lighting, it is found that quicksand and mud flow have not been properly handled, or there may be a large amount of cave water gushing out, charging and blasting is strictly prohibited.

Supervisory engineers should require full-time production safety management personnel to inspect the blasting operations, and blasters are strictly prohibited from wearing chemical fiber clothing; in order to prevent lighting interruptions during firing, blasters should carry flashlights with them and use open flames for lighting; it is strictly prohibited Tinder.

When blasting, the supervision engineer should require full-time production safety management personnel to be on site to supervise the evacuation of all personnel. The layout of safety signs should be complete and eye-catching, and the safe distance is:

1) The length of a single-ended tunnel is not less than 200m

2) The length of adjacent upper and lower tunnels is not less than 100m

3) The length of adjacent parallel lanes, cross passages and holes is not less than 50m

4) The half-section on a single line is not less than 300, and the full-section on a single line and the half-section on a double line are not less than 400m.

5) Full-section excavation on double lines for deep hole blasting (hole depth 4-5m), no less than 500m

When the two working faces of the tunnel are close to penetration, the two ends should strengthen contact and unified command. When the distance between the two working faces of a rock tunnel is close to 8 times the reserved cyclic footage, work at the other end should be stopped, personnel and machinery should be removed, and warning signs should be set up at a safe distance

The number of shots fired in the tunnel every day should be Due to clear regulations, the time between blasting and blasting cannot be too long.

The supervision engineer should review the detonation technical plan and safety disclosure records.

Ventilation and smoke removal must be carried out after blasting. Only after 15 minutes have passed will the inspectors be allowed to enter the working surface. The inspection and records should include: whether there are blind guns and suspicious phenomena; whether there are residual explosives or detonators; whether there are loose stones on both sides of the roof; whether the supports are damaged or deformed. . Only after proper handling and confirmation, other staff members are allowed to enter the work surface.

When a blind cannon is discovered, it must be handled by the original blasting personnel according to regulations; wooden explosive sticks should be used to charge the cannon before loading, and fire is strictly prohibited. Irrelevant personnel and machinery should be evacuated to a safe location.

5. Ask for a blasting safety management system

Safety requirements and regulations for blasting operations 1. Blasting operations must be carried out with a certificate.

2. Relevant management regulations must be followed for the storage and use of blasting equipment. 3. Manual transportation of blasting equipment to the construction site should comply with the following regulations: 3.1. Explosives and detonators must be carried separately and packed in special boxes (bags). They are strictly prohibited from being packed in pockets.

The distance between transporters should be greater than 15m. 3.2. Explosives and detonators may not be transferred to others at will.

3.3. Detonators and explosives may not be transported on bicycles or motorcycles.

4. When drilling holes manually, the beater must not wear gloves and should stand to the side of the drill supporter.

5. When drilling holes with a rock drill or pneumatic drill, the operator should wear a mask and goggles. 6. All blastholes for a single detonation must be drilled before charging.

7. When loading explosives and detonators into blastholes, they should be filled and delivered lightly, and no force should be squeezed. It is strictly prohibited to use metal tools to pound and deliver explosives into blastholes. 8. After charging the blast hole, the hole opening needs to be filled with soil. The filling depth should comply with the following regulations: 8.1. When the hole depth is 0.4~0.6m, it is 0.3m; 8.2. When the hole depth is 0.6~2.0m, it is 1 of the hole depth. /2 or above; 8.3. When the hole depth is above 2.0m, it shall not be less than 1.0m.

9. Do not use stones or flammable materials to fill the blast holes. 10. Use a sharp knife to cut the detonating cord and fuse. It is strictly forbidden to use scissors or wire cutters.

It is strictly prohibited to cut the detonating cord connected to the detonator. 11. The fuse should be tested for rapid combustion, and its length should be able to ensure that the igniter can evacuate to a safe area, but it should not be less than 1.2m.

12. The connection between the fuse and the detonator should be firmly adhered with tape. It is strictly forbidden to knock or bite it with your teeth, and it is strictly forbidden to touch the mercury fulminate parts. 13. Adjacent foundation pits shall not be ignited at the same time.

No more than four fuses may be lit simultaneously in the same foundation pit. 14. When lighting a fire in a foundation pit, the following regulations should be followed: 14.1. When the depth of the pit exceeds 1.5m, a ladder should be used to go up and down; 14.2. It is strictly forbidden to step on a lit fuse; 14.3. A safety guard is installed on the pit.

15. The use of electric detonators should comply with the following regulations: 15.1. The blasting device should be kept by a dedicated person, the power supply should be controlled by a dedicated person, and the knife box should be locked; 15.2. It is strictly prohibited to insert hands or keys into the blasting device before blasting. or in the junction box; 15.3. A well-insulated wire should be used to detonate an electric detonator, and its length should not be less than a safe distance; 15.4. Before wiring an electric detonator, its pins must be short-circuited; 15.5. It is strictly prohibited to use electric detonators in strong electromagnetic places. 16. The charging and ignition of the fire detonator, and the wiring and detonation of the electric detonator must be done by the same person. Operation by two people is strictly prohibited.

17. The remaining explosive equipment must be moved to a safe area before detonating. Except for the igniter and the guardian, other personnel must evacuate to a safe area and sound the siren to warn that no one is around before igniting the fire.

18. The safety distance for shallow hole blasting shall not be less than 200m; *** The safety distance for charge pack blasting shall not be less than 400m. When blasting on a hillside, the safety distance in the downhill direction should be increased by 50%.

19. When there is no blind cannon, 5 minutes (minutes) from the last sound can be elapsed before entering the blasting area; when there are blind cannons or countless cannons, the detonator must wait 20 minutes before entering. Inspection of the blasting area; For electric detonators, the power supply must be cut off and short-circuited first, and the blasting area can be inspected after waiting for 5 minutes. 20. When handling blind guns, it is strictly prohibited to remove explosives and detonators from the hole.

When re-drilling, the new hole should be parallel to the original hole; the distance between the new hole and the blind blast hole should not be less than 0.3m, and the distance from the edge of the medicine pot should not be less than 0.5m. 21. When the blasting point is less than a safe distance from houses, power lines and other facilities, safety measures such as firing small cannons, setting off muffled cannons or adding coverings to the blastholes should be taken.

22. The following regulations should be followed when blasting and expanding pile foundations: 22.1. Check the medicine package or strip before charging, and there must be no cracks or poor sealing; 22.2. Use an electric detonator to detonate; 22.3. The safe distance from the building is generally not less than 15m; 22.4. Before firing, you should contact the people in the house in advance, open the glass doors and windows, and hang the window hooks; 22.5. The safe distance from the human body: the vertical hole and the oblique hole should not be less than 40m in the throwing direction. , the anti-throwing direction of the inclined hole is not less than 20m. 23. Explosive equipment should be used within the validity period. Deteriorated or failed explosive equipment is strictly prohibited from use.

The destruction of blasting equipment should be approved by the relevant superior departments and implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB6722 "Explosion Safety Regulations". 24. Personnel working on other pile holes in the same tower foundation should evacuate in advance before blasting in any hole.

6. Combined with practical work, talk about the experience of blasting safety work

In terms of safety management, the project always puts safety work first and conscientiously implements the company's regular production safety meetings In the spirit of safety management, strict management is carried out in accordance with various safety management regulations, rules and regulations, and operating procedures formulated at the beginning of the year. Project managers and safety officers conduct regular safety inspections, especially in the implementation of the "Safety Month" and "100-Day Special Safety Action" activities. We must have a firm attitude, take measures in place, combine on-site inspections with inspections, hold safety work meetings in a timely manner, study and solve problems found in production in a timely manner, and take practical preventive and corrective measures for hidden accident hazards detected.

The following safety work has been mainly carried out: 1. Focus on basic on-site management and achieve "three implementations", that is, the implementation of safety production management institutions, the implementation of safety production management systems, and the implementation of safety production target responsibilities. (1) The project has established a production safety leadership group as required, headed by the responsible team leader and equipped with full-time safety officers.

(2) The company’s safety personnel inspect the xx limestone mine project to supervise, inspect and guide safety work. (3) The company's full-time safety officer xxx will be stationed at xxx limestone mine project site to implement the project.

(4) Both the project and the hired construction team are equipped with full-time safety officers to ensure clear responsibilities and full-time responsibilities, forming a safety production management network that extends horizontally to the edge and vertically to the bottom. (5) This year, the xxx limestone mine accepted the acceptance of the mine safety facilities of the xxx Work Safety Supervision Bureau. It is the company's requirement to cooperate with this work and it is also one of the company's key tasks.

The mine mining was carried out from top to bottom according to the design, and the construction was organized in a stepped mining manner. After 5 months of mine rectification, it successfully passed the acceptance of the xxx Safety Supervision Bureau and the expert group on September 25. Received recognition and praise from xxx company.

2. Taking the "Ankang Cup" competition as a platform and focusing on the team's safe production construction (1) Taking the "Ankang Cup" competition as the entry point and focusing on the team's safe production construction, Tuohu The Mutai project has established three teams: a penetration and blasting class, an excavation and installation class, and a mining technology class. During the construction process, each team conducted pre-job safety education for construction workers, informed them of job site hazards and hazard factors, identified hazard sources, and took corrective and preventive measures. All workers were given safety technical and safety briefings.

Organize various safety education and training classes in accordance with the relevant requirements of the company, and adopt targeted safety education and training for new employees. (2) Carry out blasting engineering safety technology competition activities.

The xxx limestone mine project jointly carried out the "Engineering Blasting Safety Technology Competition" aimed at improving the technical level and safety technology of blasting engineering technicians. The leaders of the company attached great importance to this activity, and all parties collaborated, with the participation of the public security department. It has a wide impact, has a demonstration effect from point to point, and achieved the expected goal. 3. Use the "Production Safety Month Publicity and Education Activities" as a starting point, conduct safety meetings and safety inspection projects, hold at least one safety work meeting every month, promptly solve problems found during construction, and communicate the company's various document contents and contents as required. Require and plan, arrange and deploy recent safety production work.

The project manager conducts safety inspections on the construction site at least once every month. Special safety inspections are conducted on the resident tents, canteens, blasting construction sites, transportation vehicles, and excavation machinery. Issues raised during the inspections are promptly addressed. rectified. It is required to take timely corrective and preventive measures for accidents, incidents and non-conformities, and formulate targeted safety management plans.

Strengthen the safety management of explosives in the "Safety Production Month" - (1) Hang a banner with the theme of "Safety Responsibility, Implementation" at the project site, and hang publicity about safety production Slogans and production safety warning signs create a good safety atmosphere. (2) The project has improved the legal knowledge of project employees through safety laws and regulations knowledge training and safety knowledge competition activities for all employees, and they have understood the national policies and guidelines for the development of work safety.

(3) Launched the “Safety Commitment Letter” activity for party members. During the tenth safety month activity, after conveying the "5.18" fax and telegram of the xxx coal mine explosion to party members and activists, the project party group followed the party branch's requirements for party members to improve safety awareness and strengthen self-discipline awareness in explosion-related work. , everyone makes a safety commitment and goes up on the public notice board to accept supervision from the masses.

Drive the safety production work of the whole company with the pioneering and exemplary behavior and self-discipline awareness of party members. (4) The "I am a production safety inspector activity" was carried out. The activity was listed on the job, and a hidden accident hazard was searched for the position and a safety production suggestion was put forward, so that every employee can feel that safety is around me. , security requires my participation.

(5) During the tenth safety month activity in June, the company’s party branch organized party members and explosion-related personnel of the xxx limestone mine project to go to the xxx Shankou Hydropower Station to conduct on-site blasting safety technology for explosion-related safety management. Observation and learning, through learning and observation, achieves the purpose of learning advanced safety management experience and improving one's own blasting safety technology. (6) Carry out serious safety inspection activities.

During the production safety month, the project formed a safety inspection team and organized self-examination and self-correction of production safety and anti-"three violations" activities. Focusing closely on the main line of investigation and management of hidden dangers, we focus on the investigation and management of hidden dangers in blasting construction and accidents in key areas of transportation.

Strengthen the prevention of soot poisoning, fire accidents, and natural disasters, formulate occupational health and safety management plans, conduct safety inspections on stations and transportation vehicles, and mechanical equipment, clean up slopes in mines, and conduct safety inspections Vehicle stalls and safety signs are strictly inspected, and any non-conforming items found in accidents are required to be rectified immediately. (7) Increase safety education and training for various types of workers during the event, conduct classified and targeted safety training for blasting workers, car drivers, excavator operators, and safety management personnel, and organize workers to conduct construction training The on-site hazards, hazardous factors and "three violations" phenomena were identified and studied, which improved the safety awareness and safety professional knowledge of operators and managers, achieving the expected purpose.

(8) The safety month inspection team, led and composed by company leaders, sent a "Me and Safety Responsibility" propaganda activity to the project, which brought a safety blessing and deeply impressed all the company's construction personnel. safety education. 4. The safety management of explosives is the top priority of project safety work. The xxx limestone mine project is the only project of the company that manages the entire process of explosives from purchase, storage and use. The degree of safety risk is high, so the project always adheres to ".

7. What are the contents of the safety inspection of blasting operations

The contents of safety inspection of blasting operations are as follows: (1) Blasting operations and blasting safety distances comply with the "Blasting Safety Regulations" (GB6722-2003) Requirements.

(2) Implement blasting operation design and operating procedures, preventive measures to prevent endangerment of personal safety and poisoning and suffocation accidents, and promote medium-deep hole blasting technology. 1) Blasting operations have blasting design and operating procedures. .

2) Safety precautions to prevent endangerment of personal safety and poisoning and suffocation (3) Implementation of the storage, purchase, transportation, use and removal registration system

< p> 1) Develop an explosives storage system and obtain an "Explosives Storage License" 2) Obtain an "Explosives Purchase Certificate" and purchase it from a designated supply point holding an "Explosives Sales License". p> 3) Obtain an "Explosives Transport Certificate" for the transportation of explosives. 4) Have complete accounts and dedicated personnel for the storage, use and management of explosives.