Principles of plastic and pruning of ornamental flowers and trees

The basic principles that should be followed when pruning ornamental flowers and trees are roughly as follows:

Pruning should be consistent with the ecological environment conditions

Adjust the relationship between the various organs of the plant The proportional relationship between them makes them tend to be balanced. Adjust the relationship between leaf nutrients to maintain a certain ratio between heightening growth and thickening growth.

Pruning should be consistent with the branching patterns of ornamental flowers and trees

1. The flowers and trees with main axis branches should be restrained and weak to form a tall and straight crown.

2. For coaxial branches such as cherry blossoms and crape myrtles, the method of removing the top advantage should be used to shorten the annual top branches. Leave strong buds under the cut and remove 3 to 4 lateral buds to ensure that the strong buds grow well. This pruning method should focus on expanding the crown of the tree, increasing the number of flower branches, and promoting flowering inside and outside the plant. However, in the sapling stage, the main focus should be on cultivating the central branches, and rationally selecting and arranging side branches to achieve obvious backbone branches.

3. For flowers and trees with pseudo-bifurcated branches, no terminal buds can be formed at the end of the top growth period, and the lateral buds are opposite. One should be removed and the strong shoots retained to develop a tall trunk.

4. For flowers and trees with multiple branches such as oleander, daphne and other flowers and trees, due to insufficient growth of the terminal buds, the bud support method should be used for pruning to re-cultivate the central main branch. The number of flower buds of this kind of flowers and trees is related to their angle of growth. When the angle is moderate, there will be more flowers and more fruits.

The main manifestations are:

1. Coniferous trees: have strong apical dominance. Competing branches near the main branches can be shortened to control their growth and ensure the apical dominance of the central branch.

2. Broad-leaved trees: The top advantage is weak and the crown is spherical. Generally, the relationship between the main and side branches is adjusted by shortening, retracting and bunching branches to promote the growth of flowers and trees and make the overall tree shape good. The top edge of saplings of this type of flowers and trees is stronger than that of old trees, so saplings should be lightly pruned to allow them to take shape quickly; old trees should be pruned heavily to allow new branches to germinate and enhance the tree's vigor.

Pruning should consider the utilization of light energy.

Cut off the tops of branches to allow lateral buds to germinate, forming more medium and short branches, increasing leaf area, and improving light energy utilization.

Pruning should comply with the rules of nutrient distribution and accumulation in the tree

For example, flowers generally undergo flower bud differentiation from July to August, when the nutritional center will shift to the short and medium branches. In order to ensure the number of flowers and fruits, vigorous branches should be shortened and topped to promote the concentration of nutrients on short and medium branches. In addition, focus should be placed on pruning off overlapping branches, staggered branches and overly dense branches so that the leaves inside and outside the crown can see light and increase photosynthetic products.

Must follow the growth and development rules of trees

Shaping and pruning can adjust the relationship between plant growth and development so that nutrients can be supplied to the required parts. Due to the different uses of flowers and trees, the purposes and methods of pruning are also different.

1. Street trees: in their infancy, the purpose is to grow quickly and have tall trunks to promote vigorous growth. After forming, ensure the growth of the backbone branches, and heavy pruning can promote growth.

2. Flower and fruit trees: To prevent premature aging when young, pay attention to summer pruning, mainly light pruning. After taking shape, it is necessary to expand the crown while ensuring flowering, and to cultivate backbone branches at all levels to maintain the balance of the tree. Leggy branches, competing branches and disturbing branches should be strictly controlled. After adulthood, permanent branch groups should be cultivated and enough reserve branches should be left to make the adult branches and reserve branches bloom alternately to increase the ornamental value. For old and senescent trees, they should be pruned and renewed on the basis of promoting root growth. Pruning and topping can inhibit the elongation of branches, promote the transportation of nutrients to the middle and short branches, and achieve the purpose of more flowers.

3. Trees for roof gardens and potted plants: In order to achieve beautiful effects, growth must be controlled and dwarfing promoted. The early stage of pruning is mainly to promote shaping. In the later stage, the growth should be suppressed, and heavy pruning will cause large wounds on the trunk, which will cause aging. The main and extended branches of the side branches form the backbone of the tree body. After the tree body is formed, its growth must be controlled.

4. Evergreen trees: Pruning in each season should follow certain rules, and the intensity of pruning should also be different. The general principle is: cut off 1/4 of the branches with light pruning, 1/2 with medium pruning, and 3/4 with heavy pruning. Prune again before vigorous growth, and prune appropriately according to the tree shape after entering the vigorous growth period.

In order to achieve the ideal requirements for ornamental flowers and trees, aesthetic principles should also be followed during the pruning process, among which the principles of proportion and scale are more important

Crown width and tree body height of ornamental flowers and trees Different proportions produce very different aesthetic effects. When width:height=1:1, it gives people a sense of uprightness; when width:height=1:1.414, it gives people a sense of luxury; The ratio of the two is 1:1. When it is 732, it gives people a sense of lightness; when it is 1:2, it gives people a sense of handsomeness; when it is 1:2, when it is 36, it gives people a sense of upwardness. Balance and stability are also important parts of aesthetic principles, which are divided into two types: symmetrical balance and asymmetrical balance. In terms of volume, if the top is large and the bottom is small, it will feel unstable. In terms of texture, the top is delicate and the bottom is ruggedly trimmed, giving people a sense of stability. Plastic Surgery Hospital Slogan

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In flower border maintenance, pruning of seedlings is essential. Maintaining the proper plant shape of various seedlings is a necessary prerequisite to ensure the overall ornamental effect of the flower border. Pruning and shaping should be carried out according to the physiological characteristics of individual seedlings and local conditions. The technical measures for pruning include the following:

First, topping. Remove the top buds from the branches to promote branch growth, make the flowers lush and leafy, and the plant compact. For many taller ratoon flowers, this is an effective way to prevent lodging. If coreopsis is too tall, plant height can be reduced by topping.

The second is to remove buds. The purpose is to strip off excess axillary buds and limit the number of branches and flowers, so that the flowers can be large and substantial, and the seedlings in the flower border can maintain their appropriate size, so as not to affect the growth of other seedlings and the landscape effect. For example, when planting large chrysanthemums in a flower border, in order to fully demonstrate the effect of large and colorful chrysanthemums, the plant's more flower buds must be wiped out.

The third is pruning. Promptly cut off dead branches, branches with diseases and insect pests, branches with improper positions that disturb the plant shape, residual branches after flowering, etc., and remove them in time. This will not only help improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the plants, reduce nutrient consumption, but also ensure the landscape of the seedlings. the best viewing effect.

In addition, the remaining flowers of the seedlings in the flower border should be removed in time, otherwise the flower border will appear messy. If the dead leaves of coreopsis are not removed in time in winter, and they will be scattered when new leaves grow in spring, the above-ground parts can be removed in winter for renewal. In addition, some varieties such as immortelle, chrysanthemum, and oregano rot in summer, resulting in poor landscape effect, which should be paid attention to.

Leggy flower branches and leaves should not exceed 20cm of the overall height. If it is found that some grass flowers are partially leggy, you can ensure the smoothness of the flower belt by topping, picking flowers and replacing seedlings. On the other hand, pruning is the key to ensuring a good pattern. For example, in the five-color grass flower bed, after the five-color grass is planted, do the first pruning to flatten the grass, and then prun it every 15-20 days. There are two methods of mowing: the first is flat mowing. Cut the pattern and text flat, with the edges slightly lower and the top slightly higher. The second type is relief shape. Trim the pattern into a relief shape, where the grass in the middle is higher than the sides. It is not advisable to prun heavily for the first time after planting. The second pruning can be heavier. At the junction of the two seedlings, prune diagonally toward the center to make the junction concave and create a three-dimensional effect. Especially human and animal shapes require meticulous pruning to achieve. For example, when making horses, cows and other animal shapes, it is easy to produce the following problems: if the horse's belly is made round, it becomes a fat horse with no energy; the pioneer cow should have prominent muscles and ribs and a tall spine, but when it is made, But there is no sense of striving for progress in the works that come out. Red and green grass should be pruned in time to make the low-node tillers spread out and grow densely as quickly as possible. Late pruning will cause high tillers, waste nutrients in the seedlings, and delay the formation time. In addition, when pruning the patterned flower bed, in order not to damage the flower pattern, you can use a long wooden bench to place it on the flower bed and perform operations on the long ridge. Injuries caused by pruning techniques of seedlings

Injuries caused by pruning techniques of seedlings, using various methods to damage the phloem and xylem of the branches in order to weaken the growth potential of the branches and ease the tree vigor is called injury. Damaged branches are mostly carried out during the growth period, which has a greater impact on the local area and less impact on the growth of the entire seedling. It is one of the auxiliary measures for plastic pruning. The main methods are:

Ring peeling (ring peeling) Peeling), use a knife to peel off a certain width of bark in a circular shape at an appropriate part of the branch or branch base. This can prevent the downward transport of carbohydrates from the branch tips for a period of time and facilitate the accumulation of nutrients in the branches above the circular peeling. And flower bud differentiation, suitable for branches with few flowers and fruits during the peak development period.

Attention should be paid when implementing: the peeling width should be determined according to the thickness of the branches and the healing ability of the tree species. Generally, the girdling wound can be healed within 1 month, which is about 1/10 of the diameter of the branches (2 ~ 10mm). Wounds that are too wide will not heal easily, and wounds that are too narrow will heal prematurely and cannot achieve the purpose. The appropriate girdling depth should reach the xylem. If it is too deep, the xylem will be damaged and the girdling branches will break or die. If it is too shallow, the phloem will remain and the girdling effect will not be obvious. Sufficient branches and leaves must be left above the girdling branches to provide for normal photosynthesis.

Girdling is a temporary pruning measure used during the growing season of seedlings. It is mostly performed during the flower bud differentiation period, flower and fruit drop period and fruit expansion period. During winter pruning, the part above the girdling should be gradually cut off. Girdling can also be used on main branches, but it must be carefully decided based on the growth status of the tree. It is generally used on young and strong trees with strong growth and few flowers and fruits. Girdling is not suitable for tree species with strong wound flow and easy gum flow.

To carve, use a knife to cut transversely (or vertically) above (or below) the bud (or branch) and penetrate deeply into the xylem. This method is called carving. Carving is often applied during the dormant period in conjunction with other pruning methods. The main methods are:

Eye wound is made on the top of the bud or branch. The shape of the wound is like an eye, which damages the xylem to prevent the continued upward transport of water and mineral nutrients, so as to achieve the desired location of sprouting and branching. Purpose; On the contrary, when carving the lower part of a bud or branch, the growth potential of the bud or branch will be weakened, but the accumulation of organic nutrients will be beneficial to the formation of flower buds.

Longitudinal wounding refers to the method of using a knife to cut the branches lengthwise and deep into the xylem. The purpose is to reduce the mechanical binding force of the bark and promote the thickening of the branches. Vertical wounding should be carried out before the seedlings begin to grow in spring. The hardened part of the bark should be selected for implementation. One longitudinal wound can be carried out on small branches, and several longitudinal wounds can be carried out on thick branches.

Transverse wound Transverse wound refers to the method of cutting the trunk or thick main branches with several knives. Its function is to block the downward transport of organic nutrients, promote the fullness of the branches, and promote the differentiation of flower buds. The purpose of flowering and fruiting. The mechanism of action is similar to girdling, but the strength is lower.

Breaking, in order to prevent the branches from growing too vigorously, or to bend the branches to form various vigorous artistic shapes, is often done in early spring when the buds sprout slightly. The rougher and wider method is to break the branches with your hands, but when performing artistic modeling on precious seedlings, you should first cut diagonally with a knife, reaching 1/2 to 2/3 of the diameter of the branch, and then carefully cut the branch. Bend, and use the inclined planes at the xylem folds to hold each other up. Those who manage carefully will apply mud on the incisions to prevent excessive evaporation of water.

Twisting and breaking. During the growth period, branches that grow too vigorously, especially the leggy branches on the back of the branches, are twisted and bent without being damaged. They are called twisting; breaking. Those that are not severed are called broken ends. Twisting and breaking of the branches partially damage the conductive tissue to hinder the transport of water and nutrients to the growing points, weakening the growth of branches to facilitate the formation of short flower branches.