Feeding technology and feed formula of dairy cows in house

Raising cows is an important measure in the farm, so how to raise and breed cows in the house? The following is the feeding technology and feed formula of captive breeding dairy cows that I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Feeding technology of raising cattle in shed

(1) Feeding management of cows before and after delivery: Calculate the expected date of delivery of each pregnant cow according to the breeding date, and pay attention to the performance of cows when they are about one week away from the expected date of delivery. If the breasts and vulva are swollen, frequent urination and restlessness, this is a sign of childbirth. It should be placed separately in the temporary delivery room, supplemented with soft hay after disinfection, and kept clean and hygienic.

When breeding cows give birth, scissors and disinfectants for veterinary midwifery should be prepared. Before and after delivery, cows should be fed as much as possible, and the diet is mainly digestible and nutritious green roughage, and frozen and moldy forage is not fed.

(2) Feeding and management of dairy cows during lactation: The early lactation period is generally in late spring and early summer when the temperature is low and the amount of grass is insufficient. Pay attention to keeping warm and the quality of feed. Grazing cows should be properly supplemented with high-quality hay and concentrated feed. In the middle and late lactation period, we should try to meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows with grass, and at the same time consciously strengthen nutrition to promote estrus of dairy cows. In the later period, we should always pay attention to whether cows have estrus performance, so as to breed in time.

(3) Feeding management of pregnant cows: Pregnant cows are generally at the end of lactation or before and after weaning, and should be fed with full-price feed. In the basic diet, the feeding standard with daily lactation of 2.5-3.5 plus 65,438+0 kg concentrate should be fed to avoid crowding and driving to prevent miscarriage. In addition to strengthening nutrition in the second trimester, we should also pay attention to the warmth of the house, provide a high-energy diet, do not feed frozen and moldy forage, and do not drink ice, snow and water. At the end of pregnancy, it is necessary to increase the feeding frequency, supply sufficient energy, protein, cellulose, minerals and other nutrients, strengthen management, and persist in exercise to prevent dystocia.

Feed formula for raising dairy cows in shed

Compatibility of raw materials

The proportion range of each component in parts by mass: 20-40 parts of vitamin E; Vitamin D3? 4; Vitamin A 3? 9; Ferrous sulfate 3n11; Copper sulfate 10 ~ 40, magnesium oxide 150 ~ 350, and cobalt premix 8? 1 7; Iodine premix 0-21; Selenium premix o ~ 15i manganese sulfate o ~18; 20-60 parts of zinc sulfate; 200-400 parts of magnesium sulfate; 0-40 parts of ionic carrier; Premixed feed carrier 130 ~ 250.

The content of vitamin E is 50%, and vitamin D3 and vitamin A are 500,000 international units/g; Ferrous sulfate, cop sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide and manganese sulfate are feed grade; Cobalt premix contains 1% cobalt, iodine premix contains 1% iodine, and selenium premix contains 1% selenium. The ionophore is monensin with 50% of effective component or rasallicin with 50% of effective component; The premix feed carrier is one or a mixture of corn cob powder, wheat secondary powder, rice husk powder and zeolite powder.

Breeding management method of breeding cattle

1 cow's physical condition score

The body condition score of dairy cows is an effective basis for evaluating the body fat reserve of dairy cows and implementing nutritious diet, and its role is very important. The score of physical condition is directly related to the reproductive ability of dairy cows. Compared with cows with lower body condition score, cows with higher body condition score have higher pregnancy rate and shorter reproductive interval. According to the scoring index, combined with the stage attributes of dairy cows' growth and reproduction, the dietary structure collocation and management measures are formulated and adjusted to improve the health level of dairy cows and ultimately improve economic benefits.

What is the physical condition score of cattle? Nine points? Specifically, it is divided into nine standards: weak type, malnutrition type, slim type, critical type, medium type, above medium type, excellent type, obesity type and obesity type. The grading work is carried out by professional raters, so raters need to be professionally trained and have familiar business processing ability. Conditional farms can also implement multiple raters to score cows together to improve the accuracy of scoring. The commonly used physical condition scoring methods are naked eye observation and hand touch, mainly observing the muscles, bones and fat of dairy cows. In addition to observation, we should also touch the relevant parts of cattle with our hands to improve the objectivity of scoring.

2. Feeding management of young cows

According to age and production stage, young cows can be divided into reserve cows, primiparous cows and multiparous cows. Reserve cows refer to cows from calves to pregnant cows. The selection of backup cows should be based on certain criteria, such as the weight of calves at weaning, calving season and birth time. In addition, factors such as calving records of cows, differences in expected offspring of breeding bulls, etc. should be considered to select good backup cows to ensure the production efficiency of the farm.

For newborn cows, if they are in poor health before breeding, they need careful management and scientific preparation to ensure that all nutrients are balanced and sufficient, so as to improve their health. The later pregnancy, the more difficult it is to adjust and recover the physical condition of dairy cows. After calving, colostrum quality, estrus interval and calf survival rate are difficult to guarantee. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the physical condition detection of newborn cows, and the diet should be palatable and of high quality, and all kinds of minerals needed should be supplemented in time. When multiparous cows calve for the second time, they should pay attention to their weight (more than 90% of mature weight) and physical condition score. For late-maturing cows, the body is still growing and will need more nutrition.

3 Feeding management of adult dairy cows

Adult dairy cows are mature, and the focus of feeding management is to maintain their physiological processes such as lactation and reproduction. In the process of feeding management, the key point is to implement reasonable nutrition collocation according to each breeding stage. First of all, in the early pregnancy, its nutrition is mainly to maintain lactation. Whether in spring or autumn, it is necessary to strengthen the nutritional supply for adult dairy cows so that they can gain weight, which is beneficial to survive in harsh climate (cold winter or hot summer). Secondly, dairy cows in the second trimester of pregnancy have the least nutritional needs (especially after weaning), so they can choose roughage feeding.

However, in the meantime, it is necessary to identify empty cows and sell them according to their suitable physical conditions to ensure the income of the farm. Thirdly, the postpartum lactation period is extremely important, on the one hand, it is necessary to maintain a good lactation level of dairy cows, on the other hand, it is necessary to restore their estrus behavior (re-pregnancy). Therefore, it is necessary to feed carefully and have a rich and balanced diet. Finally, the pregnancy rate of the first estrus and most of the second estrus after postpartum rest period is low, and the body condition index of dairy cows is high. Feeding cows with high TDN content after delivery can effectively promote their estrus.

4 conclusion

Pay attention to hygiene and cleanliness. Regularly clean the manure and padding in the cowshed and disinfect it with iodine trioxide solution. Ensuring good hygienic conditions of cowshed is an important link to improve production efficiency. In addition, we should pay attention to the injection of immune vaccine, especially for foot-and-mouth disease and tuberculosis in cattle in spring and autumn. Cows should exercise properly, and exercise 1~2 hours a day is appropriate, which can promote the metabolism of cows and ultimately improve their resistance.