Wu Zhongtian's Annotation Translation of Fu Tan

(1) Wuzhong: It refers to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

⑵ Jiashou: The word Yun Lao, a native of Wucheng, is a good friend of Su Shi, and he is the author of Huai Su Collection.

⑶ japonica rice (JΟ ng): commonly known as "rice", also known as "rice", the floorboard of rice.

4 Shu: Almost.

5] Diarrhea: pouring.

(6) Ba (pá): same as "harrowing" and ploughing. Bacteria: moldy. Plough: an agricultural tool for harvesting grain and mowing grass. Clothes: This refers to rust.

⑺ Dry eyes: This means that the tears have run out.

(8) forbearance: here means patience. Huang Sui: Mature ears of rice.

（9）shān:hut。 A straw curtain.

⑽: Red.

⑾?(Xií): Broken rice.

⑿ "Today's official" sentence: The new law in force at that time stipulated that cash was used for tax payment and exemption. Farmers must turn physical objects into coins. Therefore, there is a phenomenon of "shortage of money and rice" in the market, which leads to the lack of farmland and people's displacement for tax avoidance.

[13] Gong (gōng) Huang: In the Han Dynasty, Gong Suihe was an honest official, and they were very kind to the people. It's ironic to mention the officials who enforce the new law here.

[14] Hebo: It refers to the river god. Although this poem is mixed with the poet's prejudice against the new law, it does not dilute the tone of the author's sympathy for people's livelihood. Wu Zhong Tian Fu Tan was written under the background of autumn rain disaster in the south of the Yangtze River. The poet focused on describing the tragic life scenes of Jiangsu and Zhejiang farmers with the style of Tian Fu. The whole poem is divided into two paragraphs. The first eight sentences are the first paragraph, writing about the suffering caused by the rain disaster. The last eight sentences are the second paragraph, which says that abuse of government harms people more than autumn flood.

The first two sentences of this poem say that this year's japonica rice matures very late, but fortunately autumn will come soon. Indicates the season of autumn harvest. Then the poet turned to write about the rain disaster. Heavy rain prevented the fast-maturing japonica rice from being harvested. The farm tools that climbed over the comb were moldy due to long-term heavy rain and humidity, and the sickle was rusted. Here, agricultural tools such as "laying eggs" and "clothing" are used to show the seriousness of the disaster, which turns common scenes into strange sentences and shows the poet's unique artistic talent.

"Dry eyes and endless tears" is the usage of Du Fu's Xin 'an Official: "Don't make dry eyes and tears close; When your eyes are dry, you can see bones. The world is heartless. In the autumn when the harvest is coming, the farmers must be so worried that they shed tears. I can't bear to watch the golden ears of rice fall in the mud. The sentence "Mao Mao" changed from inner pain to harvesting. In order to preserve japonica rice, farmers built a thatched shed by the field and lived in it for a month. I finally looked forward to a sunny day, so I quickly collected it and brought it back. However, they cannot enjoy the fruits of hard work.

The next eight sentences, "Sweat Flow", attacked the shortcomings of the new law that led to the shortage of funds through the fact that low food prices harmed farmers' interests. The poet first described the farmers entering the market with grain, sweating and swelling their shoulders; After that, the price of rice was very low, just like bran and broken rice. After all the hard work, I got such a meager income. The phrase "selling cattle" tells a heavy tax burden. Farmers have no choice but to sell cattle to collect money to pay taxes. In order to cook, they have to tear down the wood in the house to save the urgent need, and they can't take care of the famine next year. This kind of exaggerated pen and ink, and Sima Guang Jia Xining seven years (1074) in the "should be told that the court is out of shape" written by farmers "if the value is fierce, there is no valley to mow, officials blame their wealth, so they sell land, then every family sells land; If you want to sell a house, then every family sells a house; If you want to sell cattle, then every family sells cattle ",which is a one-sided exaggeration." However, in the new laws and regulations, such as the Young Crop Law and the Tax Exemption Law, it is stipulated that there is no rice to pay taxes. At that time, people had rice, but the government didn't want rice. People have no money, but they need money. This has caused a social problem of temporary shortage of rice and cheap money. In the poem, "officials want money instead of rice today" touches the essence of current political malpractice. The sentence "Northwest" means that at that time, in order to fight against Xixia, Wang Anshi adopted Wang Shao's suggestion to appease the Qiang people in the northwest border area. Although this is conducive to consolidating border defense, it also costs a lot of money. This will inevitably increase the burden on the people, and officials are in urgent need of money, which makes farmers desperate and difficult to make a living. The last two sentences end with allusions, pushing the atmosphere of the whole poem to a climax. Gong Sui was appointed as the prefect of Bohai Sea, and Ba Huang was appointed as the prefect of Yingchuan. They are all officials who are famous for caring for the people and being generous. The "Palace Huang Man Chao" here is obviously ironic. Hebo Woman is a story told by a Chinese and western leopard in Historical Records. During the Warring States Period, the gentry and witches in Yexian county extorted money under the guise of "Hebo married" and harmed the people. When Ximen Bao was appointed as the magistrate of Yexian County, he threw the witch into the river for the benefit of the people. The author uses it to show that people are desperate and it is better to throw themselves into the river. Su Shi clearly expressed this intention in the first year of Yuan You (1086) in "Begging for scattered young crops without giving money": "In the past twenty years, due to the shortage of young crops, countless people sold their fields and houses, married their wives and threw themselves into the water. Can the court resist returning home?"

Su Shi's poems satirizing the new law do not use political diagrams to express his ideological tendency, but choose typical life scenes and characters' actions, and vividly reflect the real life of society through narrative lyricism and occasional discussion, which is true and moving. The structure and layout of the whole poem tightly buckled the word "sigh" of the poem title, and it was written in a clear hierarchy and step by step. First of all, I lamented that rice matured late, then I lamented that autumn rain was a disaster, and I lamented that cheap food hurt farmers again and again. Finally, I laughed at officials and forced people to throw themselves into the river, which was even more shocking. The whole poem is full of the poet's deep sympathy for the sufferings of working peasants, although it is intertwined with prejudice against the new law, and this prejudice cannot be easily erased. Ji Yun: "My humble opinion" sentence is sluggish. In the "Bart" sentence, Chang Jing was written as a strange sentence. The word "worry is shallow" is painful. The sentence "not as good as" is a simple statement.

Fang: This poem is calm. "Bart" is useless. It's better to sink into the water than to die.

Zhao: The phrase "selling cattle" is very hierarchical and the language is very profound. It is not too much to end a sentence that hurts Chen Yinmin.